首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Spatial heterogeneity is a ubiquitous feature in natural ecosystems, especially in arid regions. Different species and their discontinuous distribution, accompanied by varied topographic characteristics, result in soil resources distributed differently in different locations, and present significant spatial heterogeneity in desert ecosystems. In this study, conventional and geostatistical methods were used to identify the heterogeneity of soil chemical properties in two desert populations, Haloxylon persicum Bunge ex Boss., which dominates on the slopes and tops of sand dunes and Haloxylon ammodendron (C. A. Mey.) Bunge, which inhabits interdunes in the Gurbantunggut Desert of Xinjiang, China. The results showed that soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (SOC), available nitrogen (AN) and available phosphorus (AP) were significantly higher in H. ammodendron populations than that in H. persicum. The coefficient of variation (CV) indicated that (1) most parameters presented a moderate degree of variability (10% < CV < 100%) except pH in both plots, (2) the variability of soil pH, EC and AP in H. ammodendron populations was higher than that in H. persicum populations, and (3) SOC and AN in H. ammodendron populations were lower than that in H. persicum populations. Geostatistical analysis revealed a strong spatial dependence (C0/(C0+C) < 25%) within the distance of ranges for all tested parameters in both plots. The Kriging-interpolated figures showed that the soil spatial distribution was correlated with the vegetation distribution, individual size of plants, and the topographic features, especially with the plants nearest to sampling points and the topographic features. In each plot, soil EC, SOC, AN and AP presented similar distributions, and fertile islands and salt islands occurred in both plots but did not affect every individual plant, since the sampling distance was larger than the size of such fertile islands. The results of topographic effects on soil heterogeneity suggested s  相似文献   

2.
李惠  李彦  范连连 《干旱区研究》2011,28(5):780-788
以梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)、白梭梭(Haloxylon persicum)两种植物为研究对象,采用生境土壤基质互换种植和盆栽控制沙埋深度方法,对其萌发出苗和幼苗建成进行对比研究。结果表明:丘间低地土壤pH、电导率和养分含量均显著高于沙丘顶部,其中电导率(可溶盐含量)相差达5倍;土壤含水量差别不...  相似文献   

3.
NaCl对囊果碱蓬、梭梭和白梭梭种子及初期幼苗的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
种子萌发和幼苗阶段是干旱区植物群落建成的关键。试验表明,在700 mmoL/L NaCl处理时,与盐生植物梭梭和囊果碱蓬相比,旱生植物白梭梭种子胚中的K~+含量比对照显著降低。700 mmol/LNaCl处理5 d后,白梭梭、梭梭和囊果碱蓬胚中K~+/Na~+分别是对照的33%,27%和74%。高盐处理显著降低3种植物尤其是白梭梭初期幼苗体内K~+含量以及K~+/Na~+。低盐处理下,囊果碱蓬初期幼苗的生长速率明显高于白梭梭和梭梭;高盐处理对3种植物初期幼苗的生长都具有明显的抑制作用。  相似文献   

4.
阜康北部梭梭荒漠早春物种多样性研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
通过对梭梭荒漠2种植物群落早春的物种组成、垂直结构及物种多样性的对比研究发现:梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)群落和白梭梭(Haloxylon persicum)群落具有结构简单、群落优势度高、均匀度和物种多样性较低、旱生性植物占绝对优势及短生植物成为群落重要组成部分等特征。同时,二者存在以下差异:①物种多样性差异, Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、均匀度指数及优势度指数梭梭群落(0.74,0.08和0.81)均高于白梭梭群落(0.61, 0.06和0.77);②主要伴生种不同,前者以草本植物为主要伴生种,后者以灌木为主要伴生种;③短生物种丰富度差异分别占前者的64.7%(11种)及后者的60%(15种)。2种梭梭群落的特点与差异可能与古尔班通古特沙漠南缘早春适宜的水热配置、群落生境的沙土含水量、沙面稳定程度及物种本身的生物学特性等因素有关。  相似文献   

5.
梭梭与白梭梭气体交换特征对比分析   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
梭梭[WTBX](Haloxylon ammodendron)与白梭梭(H.persicum)[WTBZ]是古尔班通古特沙漠植物群落2个最主要的建群种。通过对梭梭与白梭梭光合特性及相关环境因子的同期观测,探讨其光合响应特征及其与环境因子关系的异同。结果表明:梭梭对弱光的利用能力大于白梭梭,而白梭梭利用强光的能力大于梭梭。梭梭和白梭梭净光合速率[WTBX](Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)的日变化特征均为“单峰”型,但Pn、Gs峰值出现时间略有差异,Tr的峰值出现时间为16:00。根据梭梭和白梭梭Pn、胞间[WTBZ]CO2浓度[WTBX](Ci)及气孔限制值(Ls)的变化方向,推测梭梭光合“午休”主要由气孔因素引起。白梭梭日平均Pn、Tr和WUE(水分利用效率)均高于梭梭,说明白梭梭是一种高光合、高蒸腾、高水分利用效率的物种。相关分析表明,对梭梭、白梭梭的Pn影响最显著的环境因子是光量子通量密度(PPFD)。  相似文献   

6.
在盆栽条件下,研究保水剂对梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)、白梭梭(Haloxylon persicum)种子萌发和幼苗根系形态的影响。结果表明:0.05%浓度的保水剂对梭梭、白梭梭种子萌发有明显的促进作用,发芽率较对照分别提高了18.7%和24.0%;0.05%浓度的保水剂能够抑制梭梭幼苗根系的垂直生长,有效促进侧根数量的增加和根系生物量的积累;0.1%浓度保水剂处理下,白梭梭的主根长度、侧根数量、根系生物量均达到最大;保水剂浓度达到0.2%时,梭梭、白梭梭种子萌发和幼苗根系的生长均受到抑制,表明梭梭幼苗生长最适宜的保水剂浓度为0.05%,白梭梭的浓度以0.05%~0.1%为宜。  相似文献   

7.
以重要值为测度指标,选择反映群落物种多样性、丰富度、优势度和均匀度的7个测定指数对奇台荒漠草地自然保护区荒漠植物群落物种多样性进行了研究。结果表明:在整个研究区荒漠植物群落中,白梭梭、梭梭、碱蓬、琵琶柴、沙蓬、驼绒藜和沙漠娟蒿等物种有较高的重要值。依据群落外貌结构和植物种类组成等特征,按照样方中建群种和优势种的重要值,将研究区植物划分为14个典型群落,各群落类型的物种多样性指数(Shannon-wiener指数H′)的顺序为:梭梭+角果藜(2.0740)>白梭梭+驼绒藜(1.9037)>白梭梭+羽毛三芒草(1.8909)>梭梭+芦苇(1.8474)>梭梭+雾冰藜(1.7434)>芦苇+猪毛菜(1.7278)>梭梭+白茎娟蒿(1.6723)>白梭梭+琵琶柴(1.5410)>白梭梭+沙蓬(1.4886)>白梭梭+假木贼(1.4530)>梭梭+碱蓬(1.4437)>白梭梭+刺木蓼(1.4277)>白梭梭+角果藜(1.3637)>白梭梭+沙漠娟蒿(1.3362)。  相似文献   

8.
ZHANG Ke 《干旱区科学》2016,8(6):960-973
Haloxylon ammodendron,a typical desert shrub with C4 pathway of photosynthesis,possessing a strong ability to adapt to an extreme drought environment,has a rapid growth rate in sandy lands and is widely used in sand-fixing shelter-forest systems in oasis-desert ecotones.To assess the effects of H.ammodendron plantation on the soil,we measured soil properties and herbaceous characteristics along a nearly 40-year chronosequence after H.ammodendron was planted in shifting sand dunes in an oasis-desert ecotone.Results showed that silt and clay fractions increased significantly in the topsoil.The accumulation rates of soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) were faster in the early stages(0–9 years) and slower in the late stages(9–39 years).The soil p H and electrical conductivity(EC) were higher than those in the non-vegetation dunes.Moreover,the soil properties in the topsoil(0–5 cm) showed larger variation scope than those in the deeper soil layers(5–20 cm).The significant relationships of the soil silt+clay content with the chemical properties mainly appeared in the topsoil.The wind erosion susceptibility of the soil,evaluated by erodible fraction(EF),decreased significantly with increasing H.ammodendron plantation age.Additionally,the annual pioneer herb,Agriophyllum squarrosum,was gradually substituted by the annual salt-tolerant herb,Bassia dasyphylla,with increasing plantation age.These results showed beneficial effects of H.ammodendron plantation on improving soil conditions.However,the dynamics of the herbaceous species also reminded us that the longterm effects of H.ammodendron plantation,especially on changes in vegetation composition,still need further evaluation.  相似文献   

9.
极旱环境中两种梭梭蒸腾的生理生态学特点   总被引:12,自引:6,他引:12  
蒋进 《干旱区研究》1992,9(4):14-17
白梭梭(Haloxylon persicum)和梭梭(H.ammodendron)是我国干旱荒漠区的优良固沙植物,列入我国第一批保护植物,白梭梭主要分布在新疆北部的古尔班通古特沙漠,梭梭除了分布在新疆外,还分布在青海、甘肃、内蒙古等地,对于它们的生物生态学特性的研究,国内已先后做过不少工作,关于生理方面的研究也有报导。本项工作是从水分生理观点着手,结合  相似文献   

10.
通过对古尔班通古特沙漠2个主要建群种梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)和白梭梭(Haloxylon persicum)树干茎流的野外实验观测,分析植株冠层和降雨特征对树干茎流形成的影响,并明确了树干茎流量在降雨再分配中的比例。结果表明:当降雨量≥2.4 mm时,梭梭和白梭梭开始有树干茎流产生。梭梭、白梭梭的树干茎流量随树冠体积的增大而增加,但是,当梭梭树冠体积大于4 m3,白梭梭树冠体积大于1.5 m3时,树干茎流量随树冠体积的增加不再增大,甚至有下降趋势。梭梭和白梭梭的树干茎流量和降雨量之间存在显著正相关,累计树干茎流量分别占降雨总量的9.1%和6.4%。梭梭和白梭梭的集流率均随降雨量增加而增大,能够有效地将树干茎流汇聚到树干基部, 梭梭表现出更强的汇集树干茎流的潜力。  相似文献   

11.
不同水分生境对梭梭耗水量的影响   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
本文根据梭梭在干燥沙丘和灌溉沙地的生长节律、水分生理特性和蒸发、蒸腾的实验资料,分析了不同水分生境对梭梭耗水量的影响。结果表明,不同的土壤水分条件,梭梭柴和白梭梭在耗水量和耗水特性等方面有明显的差异。  相似文献   

12.
不同水分条件下两种梭梭蒸腾作用比较   总被引:5,自引:3,他引:5  
梭梭柴(Haloxylon ammodendron)和白梭梭(H.persicum)是准噶尔盆地分布最广的两种植物。自梭梭主要分布在半固定半流动沙丘顶部,梭梭柴则多分布于丘间平地。对于这两种梭梭蒸腾作用的研究,多集中于梭梭柴。关于白梭梭蒸腾作用的研究国内尚鲜见报道。本文对不同水分条件下生长的两种梭梭的蒸腾作用进行了比较。  相似文献   

13.
准噶尔盆地南缘梭梭树干液流规律比较   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
采用SF-300热脉冲树干液流仪,分析比较了准噶尔盆地南缘人工种植和原生条件下,梭梭树干液流及其土壤水分的变化,建立了人工种植梭梭树干液流速率与气象因子的最优回归方程。结果表明:人工种植梭梭日累积液流量过程线呈近似 “S”型,与土壤含水率具有极显著的相关性;液流速率日变化多呈双峰型,昼夜变化明显,对气温的时滞约1 h;原生梭梭耗水特征相对稳定,日累积液流量过程线近似直线型,与土壤含水率无相关性,液流速率日变化多呈多峰型,无明显日过程。观测期人工梭梭单位面积液流通量平均为0.240 L/(cm2.d),是原生梭梭的1.5倍;降雨后人工和原生梭梭液流速率峰值分别比降雨前提前3 h和30 min。  相似文献   

14.
艾比湖湿地自然保护区荒漠植物群落物种多样性研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
以重要值为测度指标,选择反映群落物种多样性、丰富度、优势度和均匀度的6个测定指数对艾比湖湿地自然保护区荒漠植物群落物种多样性进行了研究。结果表明:在整个研究区荒漠植物群落中,盐穗木、盐节木、白梭梭、梭梭和盐爪爪等物种有较高的重要值,草本的重要值较低。各群落类型的物种多样性指数的顺序为:白梭梭>胡杨>盐穗木>盐豆木>罗布麻>琵琶柴>花花柴>白刺>柽柳>白麻>芦苇>芨芨草>梭梭>骆驼刺>甘草>盐节木。  相似文献   

15.
民勤绿洲人工梭梭林群落结构及种群生态特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用野外样方调查方法,分别对生长于民勤绿洲盆地不同立地类型的人工梭梭群落内的物种重要值、多样性等生态特征进行分析,将其划分为3个类型:梭梭-一年生植物群聚、梭梭-一年生植物-灌木群聚和梭梭-灌木群落;分别分布于流动沙丘、半固定沙丘和固定沙地上,随着沙地固定程度的增加,人工梭梭群落由梭梭-一年生植物群聚(先锋群落,盖度23%、多样性指数0.26)演替到梭梭-一年生植物-灌木群聚(盖度30%、多样性指数0.34)再演替到梭梭-灌木群落(盖度40%,多样性指数0.60);在人工梭梭群落演替过程中,人工梭梭种群在不同沙地类型上生长状况不同,沿着流动沙地→半固定沙地→固定沙地为衰退型,这种衰退与土壤水分的含量有关。  相似文献   

16.
古尔班通古特沙漠梭梭年龄估算模型评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以古尔班通古特沙漠不同生态型梭梭为研究对象,以过渡径(D)和株高(H)为变量,分别建立了沙质、壤土、盐土和砾石四个生态型梭梭年龄预测模型,经过精度评估和回检得出四种生态型的最优模型。结果显示:在盐土生态型上加权平均年龄为6.81年,最大年龄为22年;砾石生态型加权平均年龄为8.21年,最大的年龄为31年;壤土生态型加权平均年龄为14.59年,最大年龄是36年;沙质生态型加权平均年龄为10.86年,最大的年龄为32年。  相似文献   

17.
梭梭属不同种源种子品质初评   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
梭梭属(Haloxylon Bge.)的两个种,主要分布在新疆准噶尔盆地,是优良防风固沙和薪炭树种,被列为国家重点保护植物。国内对两种梭梭的利用和研究,从50年代末就已经开始进行,至今已做了大量的工作,但对其种子特性的研究报道甚少。为了更深入了解梭梭两种植物的种子特性,我们于1987年选用吐鲁番沙漠研究站引种成功的两种梭梭(H.ammodendron、H.Persicum)的种子同原分布区莫索湾沙漠研究站采的种子,对其品质进行了对比试验分析,为梭梭属引种工作中的种源选择及种子保存提供依据。现将结果报道如下。  相似文献   

18.
古尔班通古特沙漠风沙土水分垂直分布与受损植被的恢复   总被引:14,自引:3,他引:14  
古尔班通古特沙漠中大规模、高强度的人类活动严重干扰和损坏了荒漠植被。在该沙漠特有的生境下 ,受损植被具有一定的自然恢复和更新能力。但要加速恢复过程 ,则需辅以积极有效的措施。本文经过跟踪监测人工种植荒漠植物的出苗、生长以及风沙土水分垂直分布特征 ,查明了植物出苗、存活率和风沙土中水分垂直分布的动态关系。  相似文献   

19.
Haloxylon ammodendron(C. A. Mey.) is one of the economically and ecologically important desert trees used for sand fixation. The ovary of H. ammodendron is found not to swell after flowering in spring until at the end of August or early September in western China. However, what happens for ovary at anatomic level in that period and which crucial ecological factor regulates the phenomenon of H. ammodendron have not been fully understood. To characterize the phenomenon and explore the crucial environmental regulating factors, we carried out the morphological and anatomic observations at the different development stages of the fruits and three single-factor experiments(low air temperature, sufficient soil moisture, and short day length). Our results showed that under the natural conditions, the ovary of H. ammodendron after flowering developed slowly and the morphological changes of fruits were not significant for the period from May to August and after late August or early September; and then the ovary developed rapidly and matured in October. Cell division in embryo was observed to start approximately 25 days after flowering(DAF) and just developed to globular embryo stage at mid-August. Photoperiod was identified as the pivotal environmental factor regulating the fruit development of H. ammodendron. Moreover, the threshold value of day length for the fruit development was 14.0 h. A long day(14.0 h) treatment began from 5 DAF could delay fruit development of H. ammodendron while a short day(14.0 h) treatment could accelerate it. Moreover, a further longer day treatment(15.0 h) could also delay fruit development even when they had developed for a long time(110 DAF). The present study indicated that H. ammodendron adopted a reproductive strategy of delayed fruit development and this strategy helps it survive and obtain offspring in harsh desert habitats.  相似文献   

20.
梭梭柴林地地温变化规律及与土壤湿度关系的探讨   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
本文利用了中国科学院新疆生物土壤沙漠研究所莫索沙漠研究站1992-1994年的试验资料,分析限梭梭柴林地地温的变化规律,并且建立了地温与土壤湿度之间的关系式,从而为治理沙漠环境,防网固少提供了气象保障。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号