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黄土高原地区水土保持的社会保障体系研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
黄土高原地区的水土保持是一个系统工程 ,它由技术保障体系和社会保障体系构成。长期以来 ,对社会保障体系缺乏深入分析 ,使两大体系之间出现了许多不协调问题 ,制约了水土保持工作的开展 ,所以 ,将社会保障体系纳入到治理方略的制定 ,加强和改善社会保障体系尤为重要。从这个意义出发 ,探讨了社会保障体系的概念、合理的体系结构及其良性运作 ,指出宏观调控和政府政策、行为十分关键 ,并且初步探讨了完善社会保障体系的基本途径及其重要意义 相似文献
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天津低碳农业发展现状与对策研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从统计数据分析及对天津远郊农村中土地没有流转的农户及近郊农业园区进行实地调研,对天津低碳农业发展现状及其制约因素(政府宣传、小农分布、基础设施、资金投入、农技推广、可再生资源能源利用)进行了分析,并从加强政府的宏观指导、健全市场机制、完善低碳农业技术创新体系、推进低碳农业技术服务体系、建立多元化投融资机制、完善政策法规保障及社会保障体系等几方面提出了促进天津低碳农业发展的对策建议,以促进天津现代农业可持续发展。 相似文献
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随着农村经济的不断发展,农民幸福感问题也成了当前社会关注的热点问题。基于此,从农民幸福感的界定出发,通过经济、文化、社会保障和基层民主建设四方面分析了农民幸福感的影响因素,要想进一步提高农民幸福感,就要因地制宜地打造农业产业体系,促进农村经济发展;同时,精神文化建设和基层民主政治建设也要全面推进,并不断完善农村地区的社会保障体系。 相似文献
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基于数据仓库和数据挖掘技术的温室决策支持系统(简报) 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
农业领域的专家知识多是描述性和经验性的知识,难以进行精确的数学描述,这给农业决策支持系统的构建带来了一定的困难。为解决这种传统的决策支持系统的不足,介绍了基于数据仓库技术和数据挖掘技术构建的温室决策支持系统。该系统通过建立数据仓库来存储各种来自异质的信息源的数据,利用联机分析处理实现多维数据分析,然后通过数据挖掘技术从数据仓库中获得新的农业知识,以丰富决策支持系统的知识库。在系统的实现过程中,采用了SQL Server分析服务,实现数据挖掘与数据仓库以及应用程序的紧密耦合,从而大大提高了数据挖掘效率。将数据仓库、联机分析处理、数据挖掘三者结合起来形成了一种新的温室决策支持系统。 相似文献
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黄土高原植被资源数据仓库系统的研制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在总结黄土高原生态环境背景与植被营造方面的研究成果与经验的基础上，研制开发了一个由多专题，多种形式数据组成的黄土高原植被资源数据仓库系统，本系统采用基于Internet的分布式数据仓库模式，建立了包括黄土高原环境背景，植被种质资源、植被营造技术，植被与水保措施减沙效益等内容的植被资源数据仓库，同时运用数据挖掘技术等对数据仓库中数据进行加工，为黄土高原实现山川秀美提供宏观决策层面，技术支持层面，普通用户层面上的科技信息支持。 相似文献
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分析浙江省临安市近年来农民增收的特点和制约因素,指出临安市农民进一步增收的潜力,提出"加快转变农业发展方式,促进农村劳动力就业创业,深化农村土地和经营机制改革,加快农村社会保障体系建设,高度关注农村特殊群体"等农民增收建议。 相似文献
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G. C. Kajembe F. Julius J. Nduwamungu P. W. Mtakwa D. A. Nyange 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2005,16(3):311-325
Land degradation has been identified as a serious problem in Tanzania since the 1920s. Among the factors normally cited as contributing to land degradation are deforestation, overgrazing and inappropriate farming practices. Several attempts by the government to arrest the problem have been based on top‐down approaches. Indigenous‐based interventions are among the alternative practices adopted by the Soil Conservation and Agroforestry Project in Arumeru District, Tanzania. The main objective of this study was to assess the impact of the indigenous‐based interventions on land conservation. More specifically the study intended to assess farmers' perception of land degradation, the adoption rate of indigenous‐based interventions, the impact of those interventions, and lastly the sustainability of those interventions. Data for the study were collected through Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques and a questionnaire survey. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS®) was used to analyse quantitative data and Content and Structural‐Functional Analyses were used for qualitative data. The study found that the rate of land degradation was perceived by respondents to be rather severe. The study also revealed that indigenous‐based interventions, which require minimal labour and capital, have been highly adopted by many farmers while labour/capital intensive ones have been taken up by fewer farmers. In general, indigenous‐based interventions appear to have eased farm operations and contributed towards increased crop yield, improved soil fertility and increased income. Success in some of the indigenous interventions warrants their wider promotion beyond the project area. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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数据交换是解决异构信息系统共享问题的有效途径之一，本文给出了数据交换格式设计的一般准则，包括数据元提取和标准化、数据分类与编码、独立于语法的数据交换格式设计三个部分，并结合田间气象数据交换给出了设计实例，可以为具体领域数据交换格式设计提供可操作的设计模式。 相似文献
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安全监测是研究和防治滑坡的重要手段之一,而位移监测又是滑坡监测中一种最常用的监测手段.滑坡位移监测数据的分析一般基于平面文件进行,而本研究则基于数据仓库的概念,深入分析滑坡位移监测时间序列数据,使用建模工具Power Designer建立了滑坡位移监测多维模型,在多维数据集的基础上进行数据挖掘分析.以长江三峡库区白水河滑坡位移监测数据为例,设计了滑坡监测数据多维数据集的维、概念层次和度量等,并在SQL Server 2005 Analysis Services软件中使用Microsoft时序算法实现数据挖掘,对滑坡位移进行预测分析,得到的预测数据与实测数据误差很小,表明Microsoft时序算法可用于滑坡监测数据的短期预测. 相似文献
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数据仓库技术的产生是由于决策支持系统发展的需要,是体系结构设计的核心。数据仓库必需设计成可扩展的体系结构,从而满足不断增长的数据和用户的需求。本文通过对数据仓库平台布纹和表格分割进行研究和分析,使得当大量异构数据涌入数据仓库平台中时系统性能不会下降,很好地满足决策支持。 相似文献
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基于传递函数的土壤数据库缺失数据的填补研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
数据缺失在土壤调查研究中是一个非常普遍的现象,处理不当一定程度上会影响研究结果的可靠性。土壤转换函数(pedotransfer functions,PTFs)是简单、快速、大批量填补土壤数据库缺失信息的有效手段。但目前分析和厘定我国土壤数据库缺失数据特征的研究较少,针对土壤数据库缺失数据的填补方法也亟待规范。本文对我国第二次土壤普查数据库进行分析,探讨该数据库的数据缺失特征,并对数据缺失严重的土壤属性进行预测,以期为今后的土壤数据库缺失数据填补工作提供参考。总体来看,质地(砂粒、粉粒和黏粒含量)、pH、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾是土壤普查中最基础的调查项目,这些土壤属性信息的完整性最好。有效磷、速效钾和阳离子交换量数据有一定的缺失。碱解氮、容重、砾石含量、各种类型氧化铁数据缺失严重。在填补缺失数据时,建议首先考虑模型的稳定性,尽量使用那些相对稳定且数据完整性好的土壤属性来预测缺失数据。我国第二次土壤普查数据库基本都缺少空间属性信息,在填补缺失数据时最好采用简单而相对稳定的回归模型。利用回归分析得到的土壤传递函数可以较好地实现容重、碱解氮和部分阳离子交换量缺失数据的填补工作。尽管如此,由于部分土壤属性信息有一定的时效性,应用传递函数时要注意数据源的历史背景。 相似文献
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Abstract. To establish strategies for sustainable nutrient management, the priority of each identified element for different user groups and the issue of data transferability from one scale to the next need to be addressed. This is important to avoid developing policies and strategies using inaccurate data. This paper provides a thorough background on such issues and provides data from specific case studies to reflect the impact of scale on the usability and transferability of data. These data show that using information obtained in a laboratory setting for larger scales can generate major errors. Data are also provided regarding the spatial variability in total N and total P measured at different sub-watersheds within a large watershed. Results from this case study indicate that there is a definite spatial variability in N and P loadings, which makes it difficult to transfer and extrapolate from data measured at one sub-watershed to the entire watershed. Therefore, it can be concluded that using either measured or simulated data obtained at a small scale to respond to questions for larger scales may be erroneous. Such difficulty may be due to the inherent spatial variability in soils, nutrients, biology and other features of the landscape. 相似文献
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Sheila J. Bryant 《Journal Of Agricultural & Food Information》2013,14(2):163-169
The study assessed the communication competence of agricultural extension workers in Benue State, Nigeria. Ninety-three respondents were selected and studied using stratified and random sampling techniques. Data were collected from the use of a well-structured questionnaire. The results obtained revealed that the majority (57%) showed a low level of communication knowledge/skill. Logit regression statistics showed significant effect of respondents’ educational qualification, work experience, and rank (salary grade level) on their communication competence at 5% level of probability. It is therefore recommended that Benue State Agricultural and Rural Development Authority should adequately train their staff so as to correct their low communication knowledge/skill. 相似文献
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“十五”期间中国农机化效率及其地区差异 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
中国农业机械化在"十五"期间取得了较大发展,但是,在农业机械化水平绝对值增长的同时,各地区较少注重农机化效率的提升,同时各地区农机化效率也存在较大差异.该文采用2001～2005共5年的统计数据(Panel Data),用数据包络法(DEA)分析"十五"期间中国各地区农机化的技术效率、纯技术效率、规模效率、技术进步及Malmquist指数的变动及趋势,并用2005年数据分析全国各地区农机化相对效率,最后根据分析结果提出了提高中国农机化效率的具体建议. 相似文献
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Changing sediment yield as an indicator of improved soil management practices in southern Brazil 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Catchment-level soil and water conservation programmes have been widely employed in Brazil. An important component of these programmes is the implementation of water and sediment monitoring projects to evaluate the impact of changes in soil management on water resources. In general, results from monitoring projects have been inconclusive, due to a series of difficulties associated with data collection and limited timeframes. This study presents results from a hydrosedimentological monitoring project undertaken in a small (1.19 km2) rural catchment in Southern Brazil before and after the introduction of conservation tillage practices implemented by the RS-RURAL — Program Against Rural Poverty. These practices, including use of winter cover crops and minimum tillage tobacco cultivation, were gradually adopted by local farmers. Data on precipitation, runoff volume, maximum flow and sediment yield were assembled for representative storm events occurring between May 2002 and March 2006, and analyzed to identify changes in the storm runoff and storm-period sediment response of the study catchment. The results provide evidence of statistically significant reductions in storm runoff, maximum flow rate and sediment yield after implementation of the conservation practices. Sediment sources were also investigated using the fingerprinting technique and this work demonstrated a statistically significant reduction over the study period in the proportion of the sediment contributed by fields (62% to 54%) and unmetalled roads (36% to 24%). This reduction was offset by an increased contribution of sediment from channel sources (2% to 22%). The increased proportion of sediment mobilized from the channel is in part a function of the reduced contribution from the two other sources, but it also reflects the reduction in sediment inputs to the channel from the fields and unmetalled roads, which results in an increase in the energy available for channel scour. Results emphasize the complexity of the relationship between sediment yield, the effects of climactic variability, and changes in land use and management. 相似文献