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1.
Michigan Purple is a purple-skinned tablestock variety. The tubers have an attractive round-ovoid shape and a strong iridescent purple skin. It has a medium set of bright purple-skinned tubers similar in shape to Norland. The tuber flesh is white; it has few internal defects and does not darken after cooking. Under irrigated conditions the yield is high and specific gravity intermediate. Michigan Purple has mid-early vine maturity.  相似文献   

2.
IdaRose is a late-maturing, potato variety with round, dark red tubers. It has high yield potential and exceptionally long tuber dormancy. IdaRose was released in 2000 by the USDA/ARS and the experiment stations of Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. It resulted from a 1982 cross of Sangre and TXA218-7. IdaRose is suited for use in both the early summer and storage fresh markets. Tuber yield of IdaRose is higher than that of Dark Red Norland and Sangre. It has yield potential similar to or slightly lower than Red LaSoda. Tubers of IdaRose have good internal and external quality. Culinary quality of boiled, baked, and micro-waved IdaRose tubers is excellent. It has moderate resistance to growth cracks, hollow heart, and other defect problems. IdaRose is susceptible or moderately susceptible to most common field diseases of potato. Tubers of IdaRose have dry matter content (19.2%) similar to other standard red varieties, and have a relatively high concentration of sugars and low concentration of glycoalkaloids (2.4 mg/100 g).  相似文献   

3.
Potato breeding selections A66107-51 and A68113-4 (Solanum tuberosum gptuberosum) are being released as germplasm that is highly resistant to Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae Kleb.) These selections have been extensively evaluated for resistance to Verticillium as measured by symptom severity and degree of colonization byV. dahliae. They combine outstanding wilt resistance with good tuber maturity characteristics, high yield, and french fry processing tuber type. A66107-51 has long-oblong, russeted tubers, with high yield and variable processing quality. A68113-4 has long-oblong, partially russeted tubers with high yield and good processing quality. Both selections are fertile as female parents, and A66107-51 is occasionally pollen fertile. The Verticillium resistance of these two clones has been transmitted to progeny. These selections were developed by USDA-ARS in cooperation with the Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station. Seed is available from USDA-ARS, Aberdeen, Idaho.  相似文献   

4.
On a Declo loam, rooting density, final yield and quality of potatoes (Solarium tuberosum cv. Russet Burbank) showed no significant differences among conventional planting, ripping along the row, or forced aeration 30 cm below the top of the row. There were significant relationships between oxygen diffusion rate (ODR) and soil moisture tension (matric potential) at the 30 and 40 cm depths, but these relationships were not significantly different among treatments. In a complementary experiment, sprinkler irrigations at negative soil water matric potentials of 30–40 (wet), 40–50 (intermediate) and 50–60 kPa (dry,i.e., 0.5–0.6 bar tension) produced no differences in total yield. However, the wet treatment gave significantly more knobby and undersized tubers < 113 g (4 oz.) and a lower percentage of U.S. #1 tubers than the intermediate and dry treatments. Premium sized tubers > 284 g (10 oz.) were significantly higher in the dry than in the wet treatment. Fertilizer N was applied periodically during the season and petiole NO3-N levels indicated adequate levels with no differences among treatments in either experiment. So much attention has been given to the effects of drought and high temperature stress on the quality of Idaho Russet Burbank potatoes, that some growers may now over-irrigate. Results of this research indicate that attention should also be directed to the effects of excess moisture on the size and quality of tubers.  相似文献   

5.
Red Pearl is a medium-late variety with round tubers of stable dark red skin and white flesh. It is an ideal gourmet and canning variety due to its high tuber set and high proportion of tubers less than 4.76 cm diameter (up to 71% of the total yield). Red Pearl has good boiling and baking qualities. Its specific gravity is slightly higher and the tuber dormancy is longer than Dark Red Norland. Red Pearl yields only 54% to 77% of Red Norland because of its small tuber size. Red Pearl is less susceptible to common scab (Streptomyces scabiae < than Dark Red Norland, significantly more resistant to corky ring spot (tobacco rattle virus) than Dark Red Norland and is resistant to bacterial wilt and brown rot (Ralstonia solanacearum). Red Pearl showed similar susceptibilities to several other diseases, including early blight, late blight, pink rot, and tuber soft rot, compared to Dark Red Norland. Red Pearl is more susceptible to shatter bruise and blackspot than Dark Red Norland when handled from storage at 7.2 C.  相似文献   

6.
Ivory Crisp was released in 2002 by the experiment stations of Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and North Dakota, and by the USDA/ARS. It resulted from a 1980 cross of ND292-1 and A77268-4. Ivory Crisp is suited for use in both the direct delivery and storage chipping markets. Ivory Crisp is a medium-maturing potato variety with round, white tubers and excellent chipping quality. It has medium to high yield potential, high tuber solids, resistance to most internal and external tuber defects, and the ability to chip from cold storage. In trials in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington, total and U.S. No. 1 tuber yield of Ivory Crisp was similar to Atlantic but lower than Chipeta. Yield of tubers in the size range 113–336 g for Ivory Crisp is higher than for either Atlantic or Chipeta. Ivory Crisp is resistant to growth cracks, secondary growth, hollow heart, and stem-end necrosis, but susceptible to shatter bruise. Tuber sugar content has consistently remained low following cold storage and near-acceptable chip color retained at 4.4 C. Ivory Crisp is susceptible or moderately susceptible to most common field diseases of potato. It is highly susceptible to common scab, powdery scab, and pink rot. Tubers of Ivory Crisp have dry matter content (22.4%) lower than those of Atlantic, but higher than those of Chipeta. Glycoalkaloid content of Ivory Crisp tubers is very low (4.3 mg 100 g-1). An application for Plant Variety Protection has been filed for Ivory Crisp. Seed is available from potato seed growers in Idaho, North Dakota, and Canada. Small amounts of seed, for research purposes, can be obtained by contacting the corresponding author.  相似文献   

7.
TerraRossa (POR01PG20–12) is a mid-season specialty potato, released by Oregon State University, and is a product of the Northwest Potato Variety (Tri-State) Development Program. This cultivar is unique among commercially available potato cultivars in that plants produce small- to medium-sized smooth, oblong- to long-shaped tubers with red skin and red flesh. Total tuber yields of TerraRossa are similar to Dark Red Norland and less than Red La Soda. Average tuber size (136 g) is less than both of the comparison cultivars, reflecting inherent differences in tuber size distribution. TerraRossa tubers have total antioxidant levels higher than traditional white fresh varieties and comparable to the All Blue purple potato, known for its high antioxidant levels. Sensory evaluations of TerraRossa tubers indicated that it has good culinary attributes following boiling, baking, and microwaving. Potato chips made from TerraRossa tubers retained their unique red color, which represents a novelty in the chipping industry. TerraRossa could be a good candidate for the organic sector due to its tolerance to common scab (Streptomyces scabies) and tuber late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and its resistance to golden cyst nematode (Globodera rostochiensis). Due to its high yields, high chipping quality, good culinary properties, high antioxidant content and disease resistance, TerraRossa is a good candidate for opening new specialty type markets, adding diversity to the marketplace.  相似文献   

8.
Various potato cultivars were grown in field plots from seed pieces inoculated withCoryneacterium sepedanicum by vacuum infiltration. Foliage symptoms were recorded during the growing season and tuber symptoms at harvest. Cultivars were ranked according to the frequency with which the progeny tubers expressed external bacterial ring rot symptoms. Those that yielded 50–100% symptomatic tubers were placed in symptom expression class (SEC) 1; those that produced 25–49%, 10–24%, and ≤9% symptomatic tubers were placed, respectively, in SEC 2,3, and 4. The incidence of latent ring rot infections in stems and tubers were similar among cultivars in the different SEC classes. Bacterial population densities, quantified by immunofluorescence, were as high as 1010 cells/g in stems from cultivars of all SEC classes. Mean populations in tubers ranged from 106 – 107 cells/g and did not differ significantly among cultivars.  相似文献   

9.
The effect of early blight on tuber yield of two potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars (Russet Burbank and Norland) was evaluated using number and timing of applications of three chemicals to generate different disease epidemics in 1981 and 1982. Under the non-irrigated farming conditions in Minnesota, there were no significant differences among captafol, triphenyltin hydroxide and maneb-Zn in blight control to increase yield. Of the five spray schedules tested, a 7–10 day spray schedule initiated when blight severity exceeded 0.01%, and a 7–10 day schedule initiated when blight was found above the lower third of the plant, generally gave significant, positive yield responses with all three chemicals. At Rosemount in 1982, the greatest yield increases (relative to unsprayed) obtained were 34.9% and 48.6% in total tuber yields for Norland and Russet Burbank, respectively. At Rosemount in 1982, the highest yield increases (relative to unsprayed) obtained were 92.2% and 56.6% in total tuber yields for Norland and Russet Burbank respectively. At Grand Forks in 1981, the highest yield increases were 126.8% and 34.6% in total tuber yields for Norland and Russet Burbank respectively. Across all three experiments, maximum yield losses (percentage of [[yield of ‘healthy’—yield of unsprayed check]/yield of ‘healthy’’]) were 58.4% (US #1 tubers) and 55.9% (total tubers) for cv. Norland and 34.4% (US #1 tubers) and 36.2% (total tubers) for cv. Russet Burbank.  相似文献   

10.
Whole seed tubers have been reported to have performance advantages over seed tubers that have been cut, even if the cut tuber pieces are treated with a fungicide dust. For this study, whole seed tubers were compared to cut seedpieces and to cut seedpieces treated with four different commercial fungicide dusts for five consecutive seasons. A new field generation 3 Russet Burbank seed lot was used for each of the five years of this study. Both whole tubers and cut seedpieces were inoculated withFusarium spp., and the seedpieces were then treated with a fungicide dust. Inoculated and uninoculated untreated controls were also included. Emergence,Fusarium seed decay,Rhizoctonia stem canker, stem numbers, and vigor, as well as yield and grade data were obtained.Rhizoctonia stem canker in stems grown from whole seed tubers was significantly higher than in stems from seedpieces receiving fungicide treatment in several of the study years. Predicting whole seed tuber performance is difficult because performance varies more from year to year than performance of cut and treated seedpieces. Yield performance of whole seed tubers was not significantly better than cut and fungicide-treated seedpieces in any experimental year, and yield of large (over 280 g) tubers was significantly less than that recorded for two of the treatments when data from all five years were combined. This study demonstrated that untreated whole seed did not outperform cut and treated seedpieces for vigor, stem numbers, disease ratings, or yield in small plot comparisons for five consecutive seasons.  相似文献   

11.
Late blight, caused byPhytophthora infestans, is the most important disease of potato worldwide and foliar resistance is an important component of managing late blight in the field. The objective of this research was to identify germplasm for use in breeding cultivars with foliar resistance toP. infestans. More than 500 clones were tested from 1997 to 2002 in inoculated (US8 genotype) field experiments conducted at the Michigan State University Muck Soils Research Farm in Bath, Michigan. All of the current commercial cultivars tested were classified as susceptible toP. infestans. The most resistant clones were A90586-11, AWN86514-2, B0718-3, Jacqueline Lee (MSG274-3), MSI152-A, MSJ307-2, MSJ317-1, MSJ453-4Y, MSJ456-2, MSJ456-4, MSJ461-1, MSK101-2, MSK128-1, NY121, LBR8, LBR9, Tollocan, and Torridon. Some of these resistant selections were from crosses with B0718-3, Jacqueline Lee, and Tollocan suggesting that the resistance toP. infestans was transmissible. These resistant clones will provide the opportunity to breed late-blight-resistant cultivars from a diverse pool of cultivated germplasm. Consistent foliar reaction toP. infestans over years suggested that the Michigan State University Muck Soils Research Farm is a valuable location for North American breeders to assess the reaction of potato germplasm to the US8 genotype of late blight.  相似文献   

12.
Tuber shape phenotype is an important determinant of raw product (≥7.6-cm-long French fries) recovery for frozen processing. Tuber length-to-width (L/W) ratios ≥1.8 translate to maximum yield of raw product; however, some cultivars produce tubers with much lower L/W ratios. While gibberellin (GA) can be used to elongate tubers, it also decreases tuber size and can thereby attenuate raw product recovery. We investigated the utility of GA and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) combination treatments for modifying tuber set, size, and shape to increase yield of raw product from ‘Payette Russet’ and ‘Alturas’; two late-season frozen-processing cultivars that often produce tubers with undesirably low L/W ratios. Models describing L/W ratio and fry yield by tuber size class were developed to translate total U.S. No. 1 tuber yields (>113 g) into yield of raw product. Increases in the L/W ratios of 113–284-g tubers had a greater effect on recovery of French fries (% fresh wt) than for tubers >284 g. Undersize (<113 g) and oversize (>340 g) tubers yielded 0 and 96% fries, respectively, regardless of L/W ratio. GA applied as a seed treatment effectively hastened emergence and altered tuber shape by increasing the L/W ratios of ‘Alturas’ and ‘Payette Russet’ tubers, enhancing total fry yield for the 113–340-g tubers by 24–46%, depending on concentration and application technique (dip, spray, in-furrow). However, GA also decreased apical dominance and shifted tuber size distribution away from >284-g tubers toward higher yields of <170-g tubers, erasing the gains in fry yield when all size classes (>113 g) were considered. When combined with GA, NAA maintained apical dominance, attenuated the shift in tuber size distribution, had no effect on the GA-induced increase in tuber L/W ratio, and only partly moderated the GA-induced stimulation of plant emergence. Raw product yield from ‘Payette Russet’ increased 12–39% in spray application trials by using NAA to confine the effect of GA to tuber shape and limit the loss of U.S. No. 1 tubers to undersize. Increases in tuber L/W ratio with GA/NAA seed treatments translated to increased yield of fries only when the relative concentrations were adjusted to minimize loss of >284-g tubers and gain in undersize tubers, as dictated by cultivar sensitivity to GA. ‘Alturas’ was less sensitive to GA than ‘Payette Russet’ for shifts in tuber size distribution but not shape, resulting in 17% increase in raw product with GA alone in pre-plant seed spray application studies. GA/NAA combination treatments provide an effective approach to manipulate tuber size distribution and enhance the yield of raw product for frozen processing in cultivars with a rounder tuber shape phenotype.  相似文献   

13.
Changes in yielding ability were studied in a population of Andigena which had been subjected to six cycles of selection. Significant increases were detected for percent tuberization, mean yield per hill, mean tuber weight, and average rating for tuber appearance. The earliest improvement in yield was largely the result of improving percentage of tuberization. Later gains came from improving mean tuber weight as well as continued improvement in percentage of tuberization. The largest improvement was observed during the last cycle of selection. Changes in combining ability were studied in twenty test-crosses produced by pollinating fourTuberosum females with bulked pollen from plants within each of five of the sixAndigena cycles. Appreciable gains were observed for total yield, mean tuber weight, and yield of large tubers. The most advanced hybrids outyielded a comparable group of sevenTuberosum ×Tuberosum progenies with regards to total yield, tuber number, and yield of large tubers. Mean tuber weight was similar in both groups. The overall results suggest the potential ofAndigena in the production of inter-group hybrids. The results also indicate that the limits of improvement in theAndigena population have not yet been reached and that the combining ability with Tuberosum should continue to improve.  相似文献   

14.
Three studies provided additional knowledge of beneficial effects of sudangrass for yield and quality increases of the Russet Burbank potato. Two of these studies showed significant increases of both U.S. #1 and smooth tubers > 280 g following green manures of sudangrass. These sudangrass (HS-33) effects did not differ from a sorghum-sudan hybrid (Trudan-8). When a sudangrass green manure was compared with a fallow treatment, results of the first study showed mean yield increases of 36% for U.S. #1 tubers > 280 g and yields of a second study by 34% for U.S. #1 tubers. This same sudangrass treatment outperformed green manures of either Austrian winter pea, barley, or sweet corn by increased U.S. #1 yields that ranged from 27% to 61%. By several lines of evidence, these benefits were found to extend beyond the effect of Verticillium suppression. Soil N was significantly increased following green manures of sudangrass, and these increases were in turn negatively correlated with wilt incidence and positively correlated with yields of both U.S. #1 tubers and tubers > 280 g. Additional benefits also included significant increases of tuber grade percentages for marketable tubers and of smooth tubers > 280 g. Benefits from sudangrass green manures beyond the effects of Verticillium suppression became further evident following a greenhouse study that involved field soil and sudangrass that had been grown in the same field. This study corroborated both field experiments by showing increased yields with green manures of sudangrass that approximated 5.5 t ha-1 dry wt. As with the field studies, these yield benefits also extended beyond the effects of Verticillium suppression and were closely associated with significant increases ofFusarium equiseti, F. oxysporum, andF. solani. Throughout all studies, sudangrass green manures significantly increased microbial activities with increased populations ofFusarium spp. and increased concentrations in soil of mineralizable N, organic P, K, Mn, along with the percent soil organic matter -all factors that could have contributed to significant increases of yield and quality.  相似文献   

15.
Pomerelle Russet is an early maturing fresh potato variety, which produces moderately high early-season (95–110 days after planting) yields of long tubers with brown-russet skin. It is notable for its very attractive, smooth tubers and resistances to internal and external defects with a high percentage of U.S. No. 1 tubers. Fresh merit ratings for Pomerelle Russet in trials conducted in Idaho, Oregon and Washington were consistently higher than Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah. Early harvest yields for Pomerelle Russet are generally comparable to Russet Norkotah with a higher percentage of U.S. No. 1 tubers. Compared to Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah, Pomerelle Russet has greater resistance to Potato mop-top virus, soft rot, corky ringspot and tuber infections from late blight. It also has higher protein and vitamin C concentrations than Ranger Russet, Russet Burbank and Russet Norkotah, indicating that it can provide an enhanced level of dietary protein and vitamin C relative to these standard potato varieties. Pomerelle Russet has moderate specific gravity and good resistance to sugar ends. It also has moderately long dormancy, about 30 days shorter than Russet Burbank. Average post-harvest processing ratings for Pomerelle Russet were similar to Ranger Russet and greater than Russet Burbank. Pomerelle Russet also has maintained acceptable fry color for about 180–200 days in storage at 8.9 °C, indicating potential for processing out of mid-term storage, with improved fry color uniformity relative to industry standards. However, its primary use appears to be as a high quality, early fresh variety.  相似文献   

16.
The possibility of using potato vines as a source of protein and silage for animal feed is encouraging. The potential of this approach is partially dependent on the development of cultivars that have large vines and at the same time produce good tuber yields. Twelve cultivars, including three commercial varieties, one advanced breeding selection, and eight experimental tetraploids (hybrids between cultivars and Phureja-haploid Tuberosum clones with parallel spindles) were grown at the Hancock Experimental Station. The vines and tubers from four blocks were harvested every 15 days from 75–135 days after planting. Clones that were relatively late maturing were most suitable for vine harvesting. The total yield of vines plus tubers was highest at 105 and 120 days. Russet Burbank yielded 218 cwt of vines and 465 cwt of tubers at 120 days; similar values for the best experimental tetraploid were 450 cwt and 784 cwt at 120 days; thus, the best cultivar produced 123,400 1b of plant material in 120 days. While processing procedures and palatability of the vine products remain undefined, the existence of clones producing high vine and tuber yields has been demonstrated.  相似文献   

17.
Russet Nugget is an oblong, smooth, high yielding potato with fresh market and processing qualities. It emerges quickly, produces an erect, large, vigorous vine with a profusion of white flowers, and is late maturing. Russet Nugget is very resistant to common scab, and moderately resistant to leafroll net necrosis,Vertcillium wilt, and early blight (tuber and foliage). In the San Luis Valley of Colorado, yield of Russet Nugget is comparable to Russet Burbank, with a significantly greater percentage of U.S. No. 1 tubers. In Texas, total yield is comparable to Norgold 40, with a slightly lower percentage of U.S. No. 1 tubers. Tubers of Russet Nugget have high specific gravity and vitamin C content.  相似文献   

18.
Potato late blight, caused byPhytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary, is the most important biotic constraint to potato yield and productivity in Ecuador. Yields are severely reduced by foliage blight, but tuber blight has never been quantified in this country. To address this issue, three independent surveys were carried out in Ecuador to estimate the incidence of tuber infection byP. infestans. The first two (1998–1999) involved the collection and assessment of more than 8,000 tubers from the four provinces that produce the most potatoes: Carchi, Chimborazo, Pichincha, and Tungurahua. In the third survey (1999–2001), approximately 10,000 tubers were sampled from the two provinces producing the most potatoes, Carchi and Chimborazo, and from Canar and Bolivar, two provinces that produce relatively small amounts. In spite of confirmed foliage infection in most fields sampled, very few infected tubers were found. In 1999, an extremely low incidence of tuber blight (less than 0.1%) was detected in three samples (each of more than 1,000 tubers) from the province of Pichincha. In a separate survey in 1999, tuber blight was also found in three fields in the province of Carchi, but with very low incidence. Our data indicate that tuber blight does occur in Ecuador, but the incidence of the disease is extremely low. Factors that might suppress tuber blight in Ecuador are discussed.  相似文献   

19.
The potential for bacterial soft rot in potato tubers was affected by laboratory simulation of some components of fluming and washing practices at commercial packinghouses. The potential was expressed as disease severity (average percentage surface decayed) after a standard 4-day incubation at 20°C in a mist chamber. Increased disease resulted when there was an increase in the following factors: a) duration of immersion of tubers in water; b) population of bacteria suspended in water; c) hydrostatic pressure on submerged tubers, and d) concentration of a surfactant (Triton X-100) in the suspensions. A sample of tubers from each tuber lot was uniformly moistened with tap water and then incubated to determine a base-level disease severity. Disease severity in Russet Burbank tubers from commercial storage increased from the base-level of 0.8% to 76% when tubers were immersed in 5 × 106 colony-forming units (cfu)/ml ofErwinia carotovora pv.carotovora (Ecc) for 64 min prior to incubation. Disease severity was 64% when tubers were immersed in a similar suspension for only 0.1 min, but with a hydrostatic pressure of 230 cm of water. Severity values fourto fivefold above control levels (from immersion in water) resulted from an immersion for 5 min in 5 × 103 cfu/ml with hydrostatic pressures of 5, 180, or 370 cm of water. A 20-fold increase in severity occurred when Red LaSoda tubers were immersed briefly (less than 5 s) in 5 × 106 cfu/ml. Rinsing these tubers with tap water after inoculation, but prior to incubation, did not affect the subsequent development of decay. Thus, the high potential for bacterial soft rot in tubers that have been flumed or washed by water concentrated with soft rotErwinia cannot be reduced by washes or rinses with clean water.  相似文献   

20.
The Mainestay potato variety is high-yielding and late-maturing producing attractive, round, white-skinned, white-fleshed tubers with medium-shallow eyes. Its major use is expected to be as a maincrop tablestock variety. Mainestay appearance ratings are similar to those of Katahdin, and greening in Mainestay tubers is less than in Kennebec. Most boil and bake qualities were rated equal to Katahdin in at least half of the tests, and Mainestay usually has a low incidence of internal defects. However, purple streak, heat necrosis, vascular discoloration, and heat sprouts have been seen on occasion. Mainestay tubers do not show the net necrosis caused by potato leafroll virus, and have shown very little hollow heart or blackspot bruising. Mainestay is susceptible to common scab and acid scab, but moderately resistant to verticillium wilt (Verticillium, albo-atrum andV. dahliae), early blight (Alternaria solani), rhizoctonia (Rhizoctonia solani), dry rot (Fusarium sambucinum), and pink rot (Phytophthora erythroseptica). It is moderately susceptible to the common race of late blight (Phytophthora infestans). Mainestay tubers are slow to mature after vine kill, and additional time is required prior to harvest in order to allow for proper periderm development and to reduce storage losses.  相似文献   

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