共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
[目的]为了探索不同水平螺旋藻对奶牛瘤胃pH值、氨氮浓度和日粮营养成分瘤胃降解率的影响。[方法]本试验选择三头安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年奶牛,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计进行饲养试验。试验处理S1组为基础日粮,S2组为基础日粮＋0.09%DM螺旋藻,S3组为基础日粮＋0.15%DM螺旋藻。[结果]添加0.09%和0.15%DM的螺旋藻对瘤胃pH值无显著影响（P〉0.05）,有降低氨氮浓度趋势,但与对照组比较差异不显著（P〉0.05）;两个添加组对日粮DM瘤胃有效降解率也没有显著影响（P〉0.05）,但显著提高了日粮NDF、ADF瘤胃降解率（P〈0.05）,0.15%DM螺旋藻还可显著降低日粮CP瘤胃降解率（P〈0.05）。[结论]表明适量添加螺旋藻不影响奶牛瘤胃发酵内环境,但具有显著提高日粮纤维物质的瘤胃降解率和降低日粮蛋白质降解作用。 相似文献
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[目的]本文旨在研究不同水平的米曲霉日粮对奶牛瘤胃降解率及日粮表观消化率的影响。[方法]试验选用三头安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康荷斯坦奶牛,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,试验分为三组,A组为基础日粮,B组和C组分别为基础日粮添加米曲0.04%和0.08%DM。[结果]米曲霉显著提高了日粮干物质、粗蛋白、酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维的瘤胃降解率,其中B组的瘤胃降解率影响效果优于A组和C组,且差异显著（P〈0.05）。三组日粮干物质和酸性洗涤纤维的表观消化率大小顺序为B〉C〉A,但各组间差异不显著（P〉0.05）;B组日粮CP和NDF消化率均显著高于A组和C组（P〈0.05）,但A组和C组差异均不显著（P〉0.05）。[结论]适量添加米曲霉（0.04%DM）有利于提高奶牛瘤胃DM、CP、ADF和NDF的降解率及日粮CP和NDF的表观消化率。 相似文献
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文章旨在评估全混合日粮添加不同植物添加剂对干乳期奶牛采食、消化、瘤胃发酵及血液代谢物浓度的影响。试验将72头处于干乳期的荷斯坦奶牛随机分为3组,每组4个重复,每个重复6头,试验为期6周。各组奶牛分别饲喂基础全混合日粮、基础全混合日粮+100 mg/kg大蒜素及基础全混合日粮+100 mg/kg柠檬醛。结果：与对照组相比,大蒜素和柠檬醛组奶牛的干物质表观消化率显著提高3.31%和2.92%（P＜0.05）,而中性洗涤纤维表观消化率显著提高6.06%和7.27%（P＜0.05）。对照组和大蒜素组奶牛采食前瘤胃乙酸与丙酸比值较柠檬醛组分别显著提高2.53%和3.25%（P＜0.05）,而大蒜素组奶牛采食后4 h乙酸与丙酸比值较对照组和柠檬醛组分别显著提高4.42%和4.00%（P＜0.05）。对照组奶牛采食后4 h血液尿素氮浓度较大蒜素和柠檬醛组分别显著提高12.00%和16.10%（P＜0.05）。结论：在本研究条件下,全混合日粮补充100 mg/kg大蒜素或柠檬醛可以显著提高干物质中性洗涤纤维表观消化率,降低血清尿素氮浓度。
[关键词]植物添加剂|干乳期|奶牛|瘤胃发酵|血液代谢物 相似文献
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本研究旨在探究饲粮添加海南霉素和莫能菌素对奶牛瘤胃发酵特性和氮平衡的影响.选用3头体重为(460.0±20.6)kg、装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的成年荷斯坦奶牛,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组分别饲喂在基础饲粮添加20 mg/d海南霉素和350 mg/d莫能菌素的试验饲粮.结果表明:饲粮添加海南霉素和莫能菌素没有显著影响瘤胃液pH和丁酸含量(P＞0.05),但显著降低了瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸浓度、乙酸含量、乙酸/丙酸和氨态氮浓度(P＜0.05).与对照组相比,海南霉素组和莫能菌素组丙酸含量分别提高了16.26％和15.79％(P ＜0.01).饲粮添加海南霉素和莫能菌素显著降低了尿囊素排出量、尿嘌呤衍生物排出量和微生物氮产量(P＜0.05).饲粮添加海南霉素和莫能菌素也降低了粪氮量和尿氮量(P＜0.05),提高了沉积氮量(P＜0.01).与对照组相比,海南霉素组和莫能菌素组的表观氮消化率分别提高了5.61％和7.05％(P =0.03).总之,与莫能菌素相似,饲粮添加海南霉素可以改变瘤胃发酵模式,使其更趋向于丙酸型发酵,并且能够提高氮利用效率. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究海南霉素对荷斯坦奶牛瘤胃发酵模式及甲烷产量的影响。试验选用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管、体况相近的中国荷斯坦奶牛,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,试验分为3期,每期15 d,试验设负对照组(不添加任何添加剂)、正对照组(添加10 mg/kg莫能菌素)和海南霉素组(添加7.2 mg/kg海南霉素)。结果表明:饲粮中添加海南霉素后,除在采食后2 h显著提高奶牛瘤胃内pH(P<0.05)外,其他时间均无显著影响(P>0.05);采食后0、2、8和10 h,海南霉素组氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度均显著低于负对照组(P<0.05),而采食后6 h,海南霉素有抑制NH3-N释放的趋势(P=0.06);采食后0、2、4和6 h,海南霉素组乙酸浓度及乙酸与丙酸的比值与负对照组相比均显著降低(P<0.05),丙酸浓度显著升高(P<0.05),总挥发性脂肪酸和丁酸浓度没有显著变化(P>0.05)。海南霉素显著抑制了瘤胃甲烷的产生(P=0.02),海南霉素组的奶牛甲烷呼出量为216.50 L/d,比负对照组降低了14.03%。由此得出结论:饲粮中添加海南霉素可以改变奶牛瘤胃的发酵类型,使其更趋向于丙酸型发酵,并显著降低动物的甲烷呼出量。 相似文献
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试验选用4头平均体重500±20kg,年龄4岁,装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔牛阉牛,采用4×4拉丁方试验设计,以混合精料和风干玉米秸秆为基础日粮,研究1.3倍维持水平下,日粮添加烟酸铬（0mg/d、40mg/d、80mg/d、120mg/d）对精料瘤胃降解率的影响。结果表明：日粮添加烟酸铬组DM有效降解率与对照组差异不显著（P〉0.05）,添加80mg/d烟酸铬组精料OM有效降解率、CP瘤胃有效降解率较对照组显著提高（P〈0.05）。本试验结果表明：日粮添加烟酸铬的适宜添加水平为80mg/d。 相似文献
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包被硒对西门塔尔牛瘤胃发酵和尿嘌呤衍生物的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选用4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔阉牛,采用4×4拉丁方设计,研究日粮中添加包被硒(0、0.3、0.6、0.9mg/kg)对瘤胃发酵和尿嘌呤衍生物的影响。结果表明:添加包被硒瘤胃中pH值、VFA、乙酸/丙酸比值均无显著差异(P>0.05);瘤胃氨态氮浓度显著降低(P<0.05);玉米秸秆DM、OM、ADF和NDF有效降解率提高;0.6mg/kg和0.9mg/kg组豆粕DM、OM和CP有效降解率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.6mg/kg组和0.9mg/kg组尿囊素、PD显著高于对照组和0.3mg/kg组(P<0.05)。兼顾基础日粮含硒量以及考虑硒的安全剂量,建议以包被硒为硒源时日粮硒添加水平为0.60mg/kg(以干物质计)。 相似文献
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文章旨在评估日粮添加不同水平壳聚糖对肉牛生长性能、养分消化及瘤胃发酵性能的影响。试验将平均体重一致的60头荷斯坦肉牛随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复4头。对照组肉牛饲喂基础日粮,处理1和2组肉牛分别饲喂基础日粮+100和200 mg/kg壳聚糖,试验持续20周。结果：日粮添加不同水平的壳聚糖对肉牛体重、日增重、采食量和1～70 d料重比的影响均无显著差异（P＞0.05）。与对照组相比,200 mg/kg壳聚糖组料重比分别显著降低2.33%和2.22%（P＜0.05）。100和200 mg/kg壳聚糖组粗脂肪表观消化率较对照组分别显著提高5.79%和4.34%（P＜0.05）。对照组氨氮浓度较200 mg/kg壳聚糖组显著提高18.11%（P＜0.05）,但挥发性脂肪酸浓度显著降低20.10%（P＜0.05）。与对照组相比,200 mg/kg壳聚糖组血清总蛋白浓度显著提高11.24%（P＜0.05）,而100和200 mg/kg壳聚糖组血清尿素氮浓度分别显著降低22.50%和22.21%（P＜0.05）。结果：本研究结果发现日粮添加200 mg/kg壳聚糖可以提高粗脂肪表观消化率、瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸及血清总蛋白浓度,进而改善肉牛生长后期的饲料效率。
[关键词]壳聚糖|肉牛|生长性能|养分消化|瘤胃发酵 相似文献
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[目的]为探讨日粮中添加不同水平的蛋氨酸铜对奶牛瘤胃内环境及日粮表观消化率的影响。[方法]在日粮中分别添加0 mg/kg、18 mg/kg、27 mg/kg DM的蛋氨酸铜,采用3×3拉丁方试验设计,试验动物为3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国荷斯坦奶牛,平均体重500 kg,均处于干奶期,试验基础日粮由混合精料、羊草和玉米全株青贮组成,精粗比为30∶70。[结果]表明,日粮添加蛋氨酸铜有提高瘤胃pH值、NH3-N的趋势;但对各时间点的瘤胃液pH值、NH3-N没有显著影响（P〉0.05）;添加27 mg/kg DM的蛋氨酸铜显著提高了日粮各个营养物质的表观消化率。[结论]添加蛋氨酸铜不影响奶牛瘤胃的内环境,添加27 mg/kgDM的蛋氨酸铜可以提高日粮的表观消化率。 相似文献
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An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of dietary concentrations of Co on vitamin B12 production and fermentation of mixed ruminal microbes grown in continuous culture fermentors. Four fermentors were fed 14 g of DM/d. The DM consisted of a corn and cottonseed hull-based diet with Co supplemented as CoCO3. Dietary treatments were 1) control (containing 0.05 mg of Co/kg of DM), 2) 0.05 mg of supplemental Co/kg of DM, 3) 0.10 mg of supplemental Co/kg of DM, and 4) 1.0 mg of supplemental Co/kg of DM. After a 3-d adjustment period, fermentors were sampled over a 3-d sampling period. This process was repeated 2 additional times for a total of 3 runs. Ruminal fluid vitamin B12 concentrations were affected by Co supplementation (P < 0.01), and there was a treatment x day interaction (P < 0.01). By sampling d 3, cultures fed the basal diet supplemented with 0.10 mg of Co/kg had greater (P < 0.05) vitamin B12 concentrations than those supplemented with 0.05 mg of Co/kg of DM, and increasing supplemental Co from 0.10 to 1.0 mg/kg of DM increased (P < 0.01) ruminal fluid vitamin B12 concentration. Ruminal fluid succinate also was affected (P < 0.10) by a treatment x day interaction. Cobalt supplementation to the control diet greatly decreased (P < 0.05) succinate in ruminal cultures on sampling d 3 but not on d 1 or 2. Molar proportions of acetate, propionate, and isobutyrate, and acetate:propionate were not affected by the addition of supplemental Co to the basal diet. However, molar proportions of butyrate, valerate, and isovalerate increased (P < 0.05) in response to supplemental Co. The majority of long-chain fatty acids observed in this study were not affected by Co supplementation. However, percentages of C18:0 fatty acids in ruminal cultures tended (P < 0.10) to be greater for Co-supplemented diets relative to the control. Methane, ammonia, and pH were not greatly affected by Co supplementation. The results indicate that a total (diet plus supplemental) Co concentration of 0.10 to 0.15 mg/kg of dietary DM resulted in adequate vitamin B12 production to meet the requirements of ruminal microorganisms fed a high-concentrate diet in continuous-flow fermentors. 相似文献
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[目的]为了研究12月龄BMY公犊牛对不同日粮中各营养成分的代谢情况。[方法]采用12月龄BMY公犊9头,分成3组,分别饲喂低能低蛋、中能中蛋和高能高蛋比日粮。[结果]日粮中DM、N、ADF和NDF的表观消化率随着日粮中能量蛋白比水平的提高而增加,其中,三个试验组间DM和N的表观消化率之间无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,但低能量蛋白比日粮组的N表观存留率、ADF和NDF的表观消化率显著低于中、高两个试验组（P〈0.05）,而中和高蛋白能量比日粮组N的表观存留率、ADF和NDF的表观消化率之间无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。 相似文献
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竹提取物对奶牛产奶性能及血液指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]为了探明竹提取物对奶牛生产性能和生理机能的影响及其适宜添加比例。[方法]试验选择泌乳天数、胎次、产奶量相近中国荷斯坦牛9头,随机分为3组,采用3×3重复拉丁方设计。A组饲喂基础日粮;B、C两组在基础日粮上分别添加30 g/d和60 g/d的竹提取物。[结果]添加竹提取物对日产奶量无显著影响（P〉0.05）,C组乳脂率分别高于A和B组10.55%（P〈0.01）和7.35%（P〈0.05）,乳蛋白率高4.00%（P〈0.05）,标准产奶量、乳干物质、非脂固型物均较A组极显著升高（P〈0.01）。血清甘油三酯、总胆固醇和LDL-C浓度C组均极显著低于A组（P〈0.01）;全血锌及血清HDL-C浓度C组均显著高于A组（P〈0.05）。[结论]在日粮中添加60 g/d竹提取物,可以有效提高奶牛产奶量,改善乳品质,优化奶牛体内物质代谢。 相似文献
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[目的]为了筛选饲用豌豆在肉牛饲养中的最适添加量。[方法]试验以4头安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的杂交公牛为研究对象,采用4×4拉丁方设计,试验日粮共分4组,分别为对照组：基础日粮;试验组一：精料中添加15%豌豆;试验组二：精料中添加25%豌豆;试验组三：精料中添加35%豌豆。[结果]表明试验组二和试验组三的干物质表观消化率显著高于其他两组（P〈0.05）,试验组二和试验组三的酸性洗涤纤维消化率（P〈0.05）显著高于对照组;第24 h的干物质消失率对照组显著高于其他组（P〈0.05）,试验组二在48 h和72 h的粗蛋白消失率显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）;对照组和试验组三日粮中干物质的b值和有效降解率显著低于其他组（P〈0.05）,对照组和试验组三日粮中粗蛋白的b值显著低于试验组一（P〈0.05）,对照组的c值显著高于其他各组（P〈0.05）,NDF和ADF的降解参数和有效降解率各组之间差异不显著。[结论]豌豆在中混合精料中的最适添加量为25%。 相似文献
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[目的]为了探索发酵啤酒糟对尼温一代奶水牛泌乳量及奶质量的影响。[方法]选择生产性能相近的健康尼温一代奶水牛27头,随机分为3组,每组9头,试验I组用5kg发酵啤酒糟（替代0.5kg精料）与精料搭配饲喂,试验Ⅱ组用5kg发酵啤酒糟（替代1kg精料）与精料搭配饲喂,对照组直接饲喂精料。[结果]表明,在120d的试验期内：①鲜啤酒糟经发酵酶解,菌体蛋白饲料的粗蛋白含量达9.1%,提高了32.65%,粗纤维含量达9.1%,下降7.14%,pH值从4.2降至4.02;②奶水牛的平均产奶量：试验I组比对照组、试验II组分别提高10.01%和7.50%,均差异显著（P〈0.05）,而试验II组比对照组提高2.33%,但差异不显著（P〉0.05）。③发酵啤酒糟与精料合理搭配饲喂可提高水牛奶的乳脂和乳蛋白含量,并可使水牛较快进入高产奶期,而且产奶高峰后产奶量下降比较平稳[1]。[结论]发酵啤酒糟与精料合理搭配饲喂有利于提高泌乳奶水牛的产奶量及其乳脂、乳蛋白的含量。 相似文献
16.
Two hundred eighty-eight beef steers (British x Continental x Brahman) were fed a 90% concentrate diet containing either no ionophore (control), laidlomycin propionate at either 6 or 12 mg/kg of dietary DM, or monensin plus tylosin (31 and 12 mg/kg of DM, respectively). Neither of the two levels of laidlomycin propionate nor monensin plus tylosin affected (P greater than .10) ADG or feed:gain ratio. Monensin plus tylosin reduced (P less than .01) daily DMI for the 161-d trial period compared with the other three treatments. Laidlomycin propionate at 6 mg/kg increased (P less than .05) DMI relative to the control, laidlomycin propionate at 12 mg/kg, and monensin plus tylosin diets during the 2nd wk of the trial and from d 57 to 84. Treatments did not affect carcass measurements. In a second experiment, 12 ruminally cannulated steers were fed diets containing no ionophore or laidlomycin propionate at either 6 or 12 mg/kg of DM. Samples were obtained for two consecutive days while the dietary concentrate level was 75%, after which the diet was switched abruptly to 90% concentrate, and samples were collected on several days during a 21-d period. The rate at which steers consumed their daily allotment of feed was not altered markedly by laidlomycin propionate. Likewise, laidlomycin propionate did not affect total ruminal VFA concentrations or proportions. Ruminal concentrations of D-lactate were reduced (P less than .10) by 6 but not by 12 mg/kg of laidlomycin propionate.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
17.
苜蓿素对AA肉仔鸡免疫指标的影响 《畜牧与饲料科学》2015,36(3):14-14
为研究不同剂量的苜蓿素对AA肉仔鸡免疫指标的影响,选取1日龄AA肉仔鸡120只,随机分为4组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ~Ⅲ组基础日粮中分别添加150、300、450 mg/kg苜蓿素。分别于28、35和42 d从每组取10只鸡进行采血,测定血清球蛋白含量;取法氏囊和脾脏,称重并计算免疫器官指数;采用MTT比色法测定T、B淋巴细胞增殖能力。结果表明,基础日粮中添加300 mg/kg苜蓿素饲喂28 d,能够显著提高AA肉仔鸡法氏囊指数（P〈0.05）;添加450 mg/kg苜蓿素饲喂28 d,能够显著提高AA肉仔鸡血清球蛋白含量和免疫器官指数（P〈0.05）。添加300 mg/kg苜蓿素饲喂35 d,能够显著提高AA肉仔鸡血清球蛋白含量、免疫器官指数（P〈0.05）,显著促进B淋巴细胞增殖（P〈0.05）;添加450 mg/kg苜蓿素饲喂35 d,能够显著提高血清球蛋白含量、脾脏指数（P〈0.05）,显著促进T淋巴细胞增殖（P〈0.05）,极显著促进B淋巴细胞增殖（P〈0.01）。添加300和450 mg/kg苜蓿素饲喂42 d,能够极显著提高AA肉仔鸡法氏囊指数（P〈0.01）;添加450 mg/kg苜蓿素饲喂42 d,能够显著促进B淋巴细胞增殖（P〈0.05）。结果提示,日粮中添加苜蓿素能够提高多项AA肉仔鸡免疫指标,以添加450 mg/kg效果最优。 相似文献
18.
Sixty-four Angus steers initially averaging 354 kg were allotted to a 2 X 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to determine the effects of dietary Ni (0 or 5 mg/kg supplemental), monensin (0 or 33 mg/kg) and their possible interaction on performance, methane production and N metabolism. The basal diet was a high energy, corn-cottonseed hull based diet containing 10.2% crude protein and .30 mg/kg Ni on a dry matter basis. Monensin reduced (P less than .05) feed intake, did not affect average daily gain and improved (P less than .05) feed conversion over the 102-d study. Nickel supplementation did not significantly alter or interact with monensin to affect steer performance. However, steers fed Ni tended to have higher average daily gains and improved feed conversions. Monensin decreased (P less than .05) in vitro methane production, altered several carcass traits, increased (P less than .05) molar proportion of ruminal propionate and decreased (P less than .05) molar proportion of ruminal acetate. Nickel did not alter methane production, carcass characteristics or ruminal volatile fatty acid proportions. Both monensin and Ni increased (P less than .05) ruminal fluid urease activity when samples were obtained before feeding. A significant monensin X Ni interaction was found to affect ruminal epithelial urease activity. Monensin increased ruminal epithelial urease in steers not receiving supplemental Ni, but had no effect on ruminal epithelial urease activity in steers fed supplemental Ni. Ruminal fluid protein and ammonia-N were decreased (P less than .05) by monensin. Results of this study indicate that Ni may interact with monensin to affect ruminal epithelial urease activity but not performance or methane production in finishing steers. 相似文献