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1.
W. Li  Y. Han  D. Zhang  M. Yang  W. Teng  Z. Jiang  L. Qiu  G. Sun 《Plant Breeding》2008,127(5):494-500
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to estimate the genetic relationships among 101 soybean cultivars developed in north‐eastern China. Fifty‐three fragments of the 100 RAPD markers and 35 SSR markers tested were polymorphic across the 101 soybean cultivars. Similarity values among these soybean cultivars ranged from 45.2% to 100% for RAPD data, and ranged from 36.1% to 100% for SSR data. The similarity matrices for SSR data and RAPD data were moderately correlated (r = 0.31, P < 0.05). Cluster analyses indicated that the cultivars released from the same seed company were mostly grouped together. A principal component analysis, based on the combined RAPD and SSR data, yielded a good separation of soybean varieties with different maturity ratings [represented by soybean Heat Unit (HU)]. The varieties with HU < 2200 were well separated from those with HU > 2200. Four RAPD markers and eight SSR markers were significantly associated with the maturity ratings of soybean.  相似文献   

2.
M.-L. Doldi    J. Vollmann  T. Lelley 《Plant Breeding》1997,116(4):331-335
The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and microsatellite techniques were used to evaluate the genetic diversity among 18 soybean genotypes selected for a breeding programme to increase the protein content of varieties adapted for central European growing conditions. Out of 33 random primers used in RAPD reactions, only 12 showed polymorphism useful for characterization of these genotypes. In contrast, all 12 microsatellite primer pairs used in this study detected polymorphism with 2–6 alleles per locus. Similarity measures and cluster analysis were made using RAPD and simple sequence repeat (SSR) data, separately and together. The resulting dendrograms were compared with each other and with the available pedigree information as a control. The dendrogram derived from RAPD data showed some divergence from the pedigree information available for the lines. The dendrograms based on SSR data and SSR data combined with RAPD gave very good agreement with pedigree information. It can be concluded that the combined use of a limited number of RAPD and SSR markers is a useful and reliable means of evaluating genetic relationships of genotypes in the absence of pedigree data.  相似文献   

3.
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis is a rapid and efficient method for producing DNA fingerprints and molecular characterization. Our objectives were to: estimate genetic similarities (GS), marker indices, and polymorphic information contents (PICs) for AFLP markers in almond cultivars; assess the genetic diversity of almond cultivars and wild species, using GS estimated from AFLP fingerprints and molecular characterization; and facilitate the use of markers in inter-specific introgression and cultivar improvement. The genetic diversity of 45 almond cultivars from Iran, Europe, and America, were studied assaying 19 primer combinations. In addition, several agronomic traits were evaluated, including flowering and maturity times, self-incompatibility, and kernel and fruit properties. Out of the 813 polymerase chain reaction fragments that were scored, 781 (96.23%) were polymorphic. GS ranged from 0.5 to 0.96, marker indices ranged from 51.37 to 78.79, and PICs ranged from 0.56 to 0.86. Results allowed the unique molecular identification of all assayed genotypes. However, the correlation between genetic similarity clustering as based on AFLP and clustering for agronomic traits was low. Cluster analysis based on AFLP data clearly differentiated the genotypes and wild species according to their origin and pedigree, whereas, cluster analysis based on agronomic data differentiated according the pomological characterization. Our results showed the great genetic diversity of the almond cultivars and their interest for almond breeding.  相似文献   

4.
Solanum commersonii is a wild tuber-bearing species native to Uruguay with high potential for use in potato breeding programs. Little is known about the genetic diversity within this wild species and the relationship with the resistance to the bacterial pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. We studied 30 S. commersonii clonal accessions, 20 of which were collected from geographically different areas across the country, while the other ten were grown from seeds from a single plant. Resistance against R. solanacearum was tested and different levels of resistance were found, ranging from delayed wilting to asymptomatic reactions. The genetic variation and the relationships among individuals in this germplasm collection were studied by different molecular markers: Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP) and Microsatellites or Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR). AFLP markers generated the largest number of total and polymorphic fragments per assay unit while SSR revealed the highest frequency of polymorphic bands (100%), followed by AFLP (96.2%) and RAPD (89.4%). In contrast, when comparing the number of different genetic profiles generated, the SSR markers exhibited the lowest discriminatory power. The clustering pattern obtained with the three marker systems showed a similar distribution of the S. commersonii germplasm revealing a high correlation between the three methods employed. All three dendrograms grouped most of the accessions into two main clusters, containing the same accessions regardless of the marker type. Bacterial wilt resistant accessions were present in both clusters. Accessions originated from different seeds of the same plant were grouped within one of the major clusters, and differed in the response to R. solanacearum revealing segregation of resistance. Furthermore, the distribution in two main clusters showed high correspondence with the geographical origin of the accessions, from the north and south of the country, and with the subspecies malmeanum and commersonii morphologically identified.  相似文献   

5.
Estimates of genetic diversity can be based on different types of data. The aim of this research were to study genetic diversity among Croatian wheat cultivars by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers, morphological traits and pedigree records; to analyse differences between wheat cultivars from two breeding centres; and to evaluate usability of RAPD markers for estimation of genetic diversity among wheat cultivars in comparison with morphological traits and pedigree record data. Studies were conducted on 14 wheat cultivars and breeding lines from two breeding centres in Croatia. For the RAPD analysis 36 primers were screened and the 14 most polymorphic ones yielded 341 polymorphic bands. Twelve morphological traits were used for morphological analysis. Pedigrees were composed of seven generations of ancestors. RAPD markers showed a high level of polymorphism among the cultivars examined and the breeding lines. No significant correlations were observed among the methods tested.  相似文献   

6.
Molecular markers provide novel tools to differentiate between the various grades of Basmati rice, maintain fair-trade practices and to determine its relationship with other rice groups in Oryza sativa. We have evaluated the genetic diversity and patterns of relationships among the 18 rice genotypes representative of the traditional Basmati, cross-bred Basmati and non-Basmati (indica and japonica) rice varieties using AFLP, ISSR and SSR markers. All the three marker systems generated higher levels of polymorphism and could distinguish between all the 18 rice cultivars. The minimum number of assay-units per system needed to distinguish between all the cultivars was one for AFLP, two for ISSR and five for SSR. A total of 171 (110 polymorphic), 240 (188 polymorphic) and 160 (159 polymorphic) bands were detected using five primer combinations of AFLP, 25 UBC ISSR primers and 30 well distributed, mapped SSR markers, respectively. The salient features of AFLP, ISSR and SSR marker data analyzed using clustering algorithms, principal component analysis, Mantel test and AMOVA analysis are as given below: (i) the two traditional Basmati rice varieties were genetically distinct from indica and japonica rice varieties and invariably formed a separate cluster, (ii) the six Basmati varieties developed from various indica × Basmati rice crosses and backcrosses were grouped variably depending upon the marker system employed; CSR30 and Super being more closer to traditional Basmati followed by HKR228, Kasturi, Pusa Basmati 1 and Sabarmati, (iii) AFLP, ISSR and SSR marker data-sets showed moderate levels of positive correlation (Mantel test, r = 0.42–0.50), and (iv) the partitioning of the variance among and within rice groups (traditional Basmati, cross-bred Basmati, indica and japonica) using AMOVA showed greater variation among than within groups using SSR data-set, while reverse was true for both ISSR and AFLP data-sets. The study emphasizes the need for using a combination of different marker systems for a comprehensive genetic analysis of Basmati rice germplasm. The high-level polymorphism generated by SSR, ISSR and AFLP assays described in this study shall provide novel markers to differentiate between traditional Basmati rice supplies from cheaper cross-bred Basmati and long-grain non-Basmati varieties at commercial level.The first two authors have equal contribution  相似文献   

7.
陆地棉SSR标记遗传多样性及其与农艺性状的关联分析   总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4  
分析陆地棉栽培种遗传多样性,通过关联分析寻找与棉花农艺性状相关联的分子标记,为分子标记辅助选择育种和提高棉花育种效率奠定基础。本文采用74个Simple sequence repeat(SSR)标记对172份陆地棉栽培种的基因组变异进行扫描,使用NTSYS-pc 2.20进行聚类,分析该群体遗传多样性;利用Structure 2.3.4软件分析群体结构,在此基础上结合田间表型数据,采用Tassel 2.1的一般线性模型(General linear model,GLM)进行关联分析,定位与农艺性状相关的QTLs。74个标记共检测到148个多态性位点,涉及246个等位变异,变异范围2~7个,平均等位变异数为3.32;引物的多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.0281~0.3733,平均值为0.2370;遗传相似系数变异在0.2816~1,平均值为0.5369,平均遗传相似系数为0.5369,表明我国陆地棉遗传基础狭窄,尽管国外及西北内陆棉区部分材料具有较丰富的遗传变异。聚类分析将该群体划分为12个亚群,不同棉区的材料交叉分布,且聚类结果基本与系谱吻合。群体结构分析却将172份供试材料划分为3个亚群;通过关联分析,发现30个位点与铃重、衣分、黄萎病抗性显著相关(P0.05),各位点对表型变异贡献率为2.24%~5.27%。  相似文献   

8.
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9.
DNA分子标记在野生大豆遗传多样性研究中的应用进展   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
为了研究陕西省不同居群野生大豆的遗传多样性,本研究归纳了几种常见DNA分子标记技术（RFLP、RAPD、AFLP、SSR、ISSR、SNP）的原理及特点,综述了不同DNA分子标记在野生大豆遗传多样性研究中的应用现状。分析了不同DNA分子标记在野生大豆遗传多样性研究上的优缺点,提出了SSR标记的发展前景,以及在研究野生大豆遗传多样性上存在的优势。  相似文献   

10.
Genetic study on important traits of tea is difficult because of its self-incompatibility in nature. Moreover, development of a new variety usually needs more than 20 years, since it takes many years from seedling to matured plants for trait investigation. Genetic map is an essential tool for genetic study and breeding. In this study, we have developed an integrated genetic map of tea (Camellia sinensis) using a segregating F1 population derived from a cross between two commercial cultivars (‘TTES 19’ and ‘TTES 8’). A total of 574 polymorphic markers (including SSR, CAPS, STS, AFLP, ISSR and RAPD), 69 markers with highly significant levels of segregation distortion (P < 0.001) (12.0 %) were excluded from further analyses. Of the 505 mapped markers, there were 265 paternal markers (52.5 %), 163 maternal markers (32.3 %), 65 doubly heterozygous dominant markers (12.9 %), and 12 co-dominant markers (2.4 %). The co-dominant markers and doubly heterozygous dominant markers were used as bridge loci for the integration of the paternal and maternal maps. The integrated map comprised 367 linked markers, including 36 SSR, 3 CAPS, 1 STS, 250 AFLP, 13 ISSR and 64 RAPD that were assigned to 18 linkage groups. The linkage groups represented a total map length of 4482.9 cM with a map density of 12.2 cM. This genetic map has the highest genetic coverage so far, which could be applied to comparative mapping, QTL mapping and marker assisted selection in the future.  相似文献   

11.
利用RAPD和SSR两种标记方法研究了36个玉米自交系的遗传多样性,并对这两种分子标记系统进行了比较.利用筛选出的22条RAPD引物,检测到了148条有多态性的带;利用筛选出的34对SSR引物,检测到158个等位基因.RAPD和SSR分子标记均有很高的多态性,RAPD多态性带比例为95.95%,SSR位点检测出的平均等位基因数位4.65.RAPD分子标记结果将36个玉米自交系划分为6大类,SSR分子标记将其划分为5大类.与系谱分析基本一致,两种分子标记划分的结果也相似.研究认为,RAPD、SSR两种分子标记系统均适合于玉米种质的遗传多样性研究,但SSR更可取.  相似文献   

12.
分子标记技术在蔬菜作物品种鉴定与纯度检测中的应用   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  
品种鉴定与遗传纯度检测是蔬菜作物种子品质检验极为重要内容。本文综述了以蛋白质、DNA为基础的分子标记,如蛋白质与同工酶、RELP、RAPD、SSR、ISSR等分析技术应用于蔬菜种子检测的基本原理与进展。利用标记分析技术成功进行F1种子纯度检测的关键是亲本与杂交种间稳定差异位点的获得。已获得的重要园艺性状紧密连锁的遗传标记将有利于F1种子纯度鉴定。由于分子标记客观、稳定、快速、高效,这些技术将在今后种子检测中起到重要作用。  相似文献   

13.
Summary The genetic relationships between rice varieties were analysed by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), with arbitrary oligonucleotide primers in the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. PCR with 22 arbitrary primers applied to 37 varieties produced 144 useful markers, of which 67% were polymorphic. Thus, with selected primers sufficient polymorphism could be detected to allow identification of individual varieties. Visual examination of electrophoresis gels and analysis of banding patterns confirmed that commercial Australian and USA lines and their relatives were very closely related, with similarity indices of 88–97%. Three varieties originating from more distant geographical centres were easily distinguished, producing variety-specific amplification profiles and expressing a lower similarity index of 80% to all other varieties tested. PCR offers a potentially simple, rapid and reliable method for rice genotype identification and recognition of lines that could contribute genetic diversity to new commercial varieties.Abbreviations PCR Polymerase Chain Reaction - RAPD Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA  相似文献   

14.
Summary Morphological, isozyme and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to estimate genetic variation within and between cultivars of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), an important temperate forage legume. Two cultivars of red clover, Essi from Europe and Ottawa from Canada, were evaluated. Six monogenic morphological characters were observed for 80 plants from each of these two cultivars. All six morphological loci were polymorphic in the cultivar Essi whereas only four loci were polymorphic in the cultivar Ottawa. Forty plants from each cultivar were assayed for isozyme markers. A total of 21 enzyme-coding loci with 43 alleles was detected using twelve enzyme systems. Thirteen and nine of these loci were polymorphic in Essi and Ottawa, respectively. The mean number of alleles per locus was 1.81 in Essi and 1.67 in Ottawa. Seventeen random 10-mer primers were screened for RAPD markers. Nine primers which gave clear and consistent amplified products were used to assay 20 individuals from each cultivar. Each primer gave from 7 to 20 amplified bands with an average of 14.8 bands per primer. One hundred and eight of 116 putative loci were polymorphic in Essi and 90 of 98 loci were polymorphic in Ottawa. High within-cultivar variation was observed in both cultivars using both isozyme and RAPD markers. This high polymorphism makes these markers useful for germplasm characterization and genetic studies in red clover.  相似文献   

15.
中国金针菇工厂化生产用种SSR和AFLP遗传多样性分析   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1  
探讨SSR、AFLP分子遗传标记技术在金针菇遗传变异分析和菌种鉴定上的应用。用SSR和AFLP分子标记技术比较分析了中国市场上20个主要的工厂化生产金针菇用种的遗传多样性。29对SSR引物和60对AFLP引物分别检测到37个及206个多态位点;遗传相似系数分别为0.56~1.00、0.54~0.97。AFLP标记的多态性比SSR高。2种标记的聚类分析结果均揭示出中国市场上工厂化金针菇用种遗传多样性相对较小,亲缘关系十分接近。  相似文献   

16.
Forty-one apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) cultivars were screened for RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) and AFLP(Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) markers. RAPD analysis was performed with 35 arbitrary 10-mer primers, selected from 60 primers tested (kits A, C and E, Operon Technologies, Inc.). Of a total of 362bands observed, 208 (57.5%) were polymorphic. Three-hundred-and-eighty-one AFLP fragments were obtained with 8primer combinations, of which 218 (57.2%) were polymorphic. Cultivars differentiated through mutation were included in this study and showed identical patterns when analysed with both RAPD and AFLP analysis. The estimated genetic relationships were correlated (r = 73.7%) between the analysis with the two different markers. UPGMA analysis was performed and dendrograms were constructed using either the data apart from each(RAPD and AFLP) method or combined in a single joint matrix. The relationships among the forty-one studied cultivars were basically consistent with the known lineage and geographic origins of the cultivars. The four Portuguese cultivars included in this study clustered together and diverged from the other cultivars. Apparently they constitute an independent genetic pool, which could be of interest for apple plant breeders. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

17.
黑龙江省主栽大豆品种遗传多样性和群体结构分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
利用187对SSR标记对近25年（1992-2017）在黑龙江省栽培的202个大豆品种进行遗传多样性和群体结构分析。结果表明,从试验材料的基因组DNA中扩增出多态性位点808个,平均每对引物扩增出多态性位点4.42个;多态性位点最多的引物是satt703和satt311,均为10个;等位变异频率最高的引物是satt417和satt575,等位变异频率均为99.5%。供试品种间的遗传相似系数为0.283~0.930,平均值为0.519。同一个育种单位育成的部分品种具有较高的遗传相似性。群体结构、主坐标分析和NJ聚类将202个品种划分的结果是一致的,均为3个类群。类群中的部分材料血缘不是独立的,而是相互渗透的。  相似文献   

18.
RAPD和AFLP标记分析中国马铃薯主要品种的遗传多样性   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  
邸宏  陈伊里  金黎平 《作物学报》2006,32(6):899-904
采用RAPD 和AFLP两种方法分析71份中国各地马铃薯主要品种,均可将其完全区分,并可对其进行分子鉴定;证明中国马铃薯主要品种遗传组成上差异小,遗传多样性差。由于标记方法的原理差异和栽培马铃薯遗传组成复杂性,用2种方法分类的结果有所差异。AFLP标记检测获得的Shannon-weaver指数和Simpson指数均高于RAPD标记检测的结果,AFLP标记检测多态性的能力远高于RAPD标记。AFLP标记平均每个引物组合检测到100.1个位点,其中54.9条为多态性位点,而RAPD标记的相应数据分别为12.5和9.8个。不同的标记方法在马铃薯遗传多样性研究中存在差异,聚类结果从分子水平反映了中国现有主要马铃薯品种遗传基础的狭窄。  相似文献   

19.
Three double low (erucic acid and glucosinolates) self-incompatible lines and 22 varieties from different origins were selected to produce 66 hybrids according to a NC II mating design. Field experiments for identification of hybrid performance and heterosis were conducted in two successive rapeseed growing seasons in Wuhan, China. After heterosis identifications, SI-1300 and Eagle were chosen to construct an F2 segregating population. One hundred and eighty four F2:3 lines were planted at Wuhan and Jingmen to test yield traits. F2 plants and the 25 parents were analyzed using simultaneously AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) and SSR (simple sequence repeat) markers. A total of 270 and 718 polymorphic loci were detected in the F2 population and among the 25 parental lines, respectively. Of the 718 polymorphic loci, 178 were significantly correlated to yield traits. With the use of one-way ANOVA, 84 common QTLs were detected for 12 traits at two trial locations. Although the genetic distances based on general/specific heterozygosities and single-locus QTLs showed significant correlations with hybrid performance and heterosis for some yield traits, the determination coefficients were low. The results suggested that neither heterozygosities nor QTLs for yield traits were suitable to predict hybrid performance and heterosis in Brassica napus.  相似文献   

20.
为提高杂交育种效率,有必要对杂种优势预测进行探索。本研究选用国内外不同地区10份材料,按NCⅡ不完全双列杂交法组配45个杂交组合,利用SSR分子标记遗传距离预测大豆亲本间杂种优势。结果表明：10份亲本中检测到417个多态性等位基因变异,多态性位点变化范围为2~5个,遗传相似系数(GS)变幅为0.520~0.695,平均GS值为0.5996。10份供试材料被分为两大类,F1杂种优势值从3.4%~42.1%,F1性状均具有不同程度正向杂种优势。其中,单株粒数杂种优势与遗传距离的相关系数为0.461,达显著水平。其余8个农艺、品质性状与遗传距离的相关系数未达显著水平。初步认为,利用该174个SSR分子标记检测亲本间遗传差异,对本研究10份大豆亲本间杂种优势预测效果不显著。利用分子标记遗传距离预测大豆亲本杂种优势的方法有待进一步研究。  相似文献   

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