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1.
《中国农学通报》2020,(15)
为明确960 g/L精异丙甲草胺乳油对玉米田禾本科杂草的防除效果,采用田间试验和仪器测定分析的方法,明确药剂对玉米田间主要杂草的控制效果、杂草防除对田间的透光率和玉米生长及产量的影响。结果表明:喷施960 g/L精异丙甲草胺乳油对玉米田马唐、稗草和虮子草等主要杂草防控效果显著且作用持久,施药后30、60、90天对杂草的密度防效均达到90%以上;施药后90天对杂草的综合鲜重防效达92.41%～99.47%。药剂处理后显著增强玉米田间中下部透光率,增加了玉米的吸光率,显著提高玉米产量,增收23.28%～28.95%。研究结果表明精异丙甲草胺能有效防除玉米田禾本科杂草,促进玉米增产增收。 相似文献
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为进一步明确烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂对玉米田一年生杂草的防治效果,达到合理使用的目的,通过田间试验研究20%烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂对防除玉米田一年生杂草的效果,和在杂草防除后对杂草氮、磷、钾及水分累积的影响。结果表明,施用20%烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂防除玉米田一年生杂草效果十分显著,对防治稗草、马唐、旱莲草、马齿苋等一年生杂草均具有很好的效果,总草鲜重防效可达79.70%~93.23%。防除降低了杂草在玉米田间对水分和氮、磷、钾的消耗,在一定程度上改善了玉米田间的水肥条件。在20%烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂处理后,玉米产量达到7436.29 ~7791.29 kg/hm2,增产效果显著,相较于空白对照产量增加20.89%~26.66%。研究认为,20%烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂防控玉米田一年生杂草具有十分广阔的应用前景,推荐剂量为每公顷使用有效成分45~60 g。 相似文献
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<正>为筛选适宜大花萱草田防除阔叶杂草的化学除草剂,河北省林科院科研人员通过单因素随机区组田间试验,研究了3种除草剂对阔叶杂草的防除效果及其对大花萱草安全性和分蘖力的影响。结果表明,药后30天时,20%氯氟吡氧乙酸EC90~270g a.i./hm~2的杂草株防效和鲜重防效均达到98%以上,对大花萱草安全;40%灭草松SL180~ 相似文献
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<正>为了验证和评价3%甲酰氨基嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂(OD)对夏玉米田杂草的防除效果及对作物的安全性,山西省农业科学院植物保护研究所采用田间小区试验的方法,调查了杂草的株防效和鲜质量防效,测定了当茬玉米产量。结果表明,使用3%甲酰氨基嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂有效成分用量为40.05～99.90g/hm~2防除夏玉米杂草, 相似文献
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氯吡嘧磺隆与烟嘧磺隆混用对玉米田杂草防除效果及安全性 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为明确氯吡嘧磺隆与烟嘧磺隆混用对玉米田杂草防除效果及安全性,采用田间药效试验方法对其进行了研究。研究发现:氯吡嘧磺隆(15、17.5、20、22.5、25 g a.i./hm2)与烟嘧磺隆(45、52.5 g a.i./hm2)混用对香附子、藜、铁苋菜、苘麻、马唐均有较高的防效,总体鲜重防效大于95%,尤其对香附子鲜重防效大于97%。氯吡嘧磺隆和烟嘧磺隆混用对玉米是安全的,通过氯吡嘧磺隆与烟嘧磺隆的混用,玉米产量增产率均高于10%。本研究结果表明,氯吡嘧磺隆与烟嘧磺隆混用可有效防除香附子、藜、铁苋菜、苘麻、马唐等夏玉米田常见杂草,尤其是对香附子具有优异的防除效果,并且对玉米安全。 相似文献
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高粱田的阔叶杂草对除草剂的抗性日趋严重，而能够用于高粱田的除草剂品种有限，导致阔叶杂草的防除比较困难，高粱的产量也受到了巨大影响。因此，生产中迫切需要筛选出对抗性阔叶杂草防效较好的除草剂。试验探讨了不同剂量20%苯嘧磺草胺悬浮剂对高粱田阔叶杂草苯氏蓼、反枝苋和藜的防效。结果表明，中高剂量(60、90 g a.i./hm2)20%苯嘧磺草胺悬浮剂对高粱田阔叶杂草防除效果较好，对阔叶杂草的鲜重防效最高可达97.75%，持效期可达30 d左右，并且对高粱安全，不影响产量，具有减施增效的特点。该试验结果能够为高粱田阔叶杂草的合理防除提供理论依据。 相似文献
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<正>为验证和评价58g/L双氟磺草胺·唑嘧磺草胺悬浮剂对冬小麦田杂草的应用效果,山西省农业科学院植物保护研究所联合农业有害生物综合治理山西省重点实验室研究人员采用田间试验的方法,调查了该药剂对冬小麦田阔叶杂草的防除效果和对小麦产量的影响。结果显示,使用58g/L双氟磺草胺·唑嘧磺草胺悬浮剂10.44~20.88g/hm2防除冬小麦田播娘蒿、荠菜等阔叶杂草,株防效和鲜质量防效均达到90%以上,杂草防除效果好,小麦产量有所增加。从经济有效易降解的角度考虑,推 相似文献
9.
除草剂为作物产量提供保障的同时,对作物造成的药害也频繁发生。为此,本文以目前陇东旱塬区主栽玉米品种为试验材料,选用对恶性杂草具有良好防除效果的除草剂,明确了75%二氯吡啶酸SG、90%莠去津WG和56% 2甲4氯钠盐SP 3个单剂及其2个混配配方对玉米主要农艺性状及产量的影响,以期为玉米的安全生产提供依据。结果表明：参试除草剂在药后0~7天及不同生育期对玉米生长均无直观影响。75%二氯吡啶酸SG、90%莠去津WG、75%二氯吡啶酸SG+90%莠去津WG对苗期玉米株高稍有影响,但随着玉米自身防御能力的增强,除草剂对之后各生育期的玉米株高无显著抑制作用。不同除草剂对各生育期玉米茎粗无抑制作用,玉米果穗粗、果穗有效长、穗粒数和百粒重无显著差异。各除草剂处理后玉米产量较空白对照增加21.93%~30.22%,较人工除草对照增加-2.91%~3.69%。可见,供试除草剂对玉米安全性高,可应用于玉米田的杂草防除。 相似文献
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Intercropping corn with legumes is an alternative to corn monocropping and is a possible way to reduce the use of inputs, such as herbicides, while maintaining current weed control levels. Two experiments were carried out at each of two sites in both 1993 and 1994. The first experiment investigated the effects of seeding soybean or lupin alone or in combination with one of three forages (annual ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lam.; perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L.; and red clover, Trifolium pratense L.) on weed control. The second experiment examined the effects of seeding date (simultaneous with corn or 3 weeks later) and number of rows of large-seeded legumes (one or two) seeded between the corn rows, on weed control. Whenever seeding of legumes/forages was delayed, weekly interrow tillage operations were used to control weeds until legume/forage seeding. The density and biomasses of monocot weeds, either on or between the corn rows, were not affected by cultivation or intercropping. The density and biomass of dicot weeds on corn rows were reduced by some intercrop systems. For the various cropping systems tested, the dicot weed biomass and density between corn rows were most affected (in some cases reduced by 73-100% of the weedy control). A more effective dicot weed control was observed in delay seeded treatments, which allowed extra interrow cultivations. Intercrops that included soybean were also more successful at reducing weed populations than those containing lupin. Underseeded forages did not reduce weed biomass or density. 相似文献
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青海省春麦田杂草种类组成及群落特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对青海省春小麦田杂草发生种类、群落构成及发生规律进行了调查研究。结果表明:青海省春麦田杂草共有87种,隶属于25科。其中单子叶植物1科8种,双子叶植物24科79种。猪殃殃、藜、荞麦蔓、密花香薷、节裂角茴香、萹蓄等6种杂草为田间的优势杂草;尼泊尔蓼、西伯利亚蓼、野燕麦、芦苇、繁缕、苣荬菜、大刺儿菜为田间区域性优势杂草。发生规律的研究表明青海川水地区春麦田杂草出苗高峰期在5月中、下旬;脑山地区春麦田杂草出苗高峰期在5月上、中旬,1~2cm土层是杂草出苗的最适深度。青海春麦田杂草由过去的野燕麦和一年生双子叶杂草为主的群落结构明显向以多年生杂草和部分耐药性强的一年生杂草为主的群落结构演替。 相似文献
13.
90%乙草胺乳油防治花生田杂草药效试验初报 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为了明确90%乙草胺乳油在华南地区花生田的应用效果,采用大田药效试验的方法,对90%乙草胺乳油防除春秋两季花生田杂草的效果、安全性及最佳使用剂量进行研究。结果表明：该药剂在花生播前苗后进行土壤处理,推荐使用剂量1080~1350 g(a.i.)/hm2,药后45天对牛筋草、马唐、稗草等一年生杂草的防效在80%以上,在春花生田使用发现,对小藜、繁缕防效较差,建议后期再次用药。在推荐使用剂量内对花生安全,高浓度会产生一定药害。从而,为90%乙草胺乳油在华南地区花生田的应用提供试验依据。 相似文献
14.
苯唑草酮在甜玉米上的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了研究苯唑草酮对玉米地常见杂草防效和不同甜玉米品种对苯唑草酮的敏感性,试验选取了种植较为广泛的16个甜玉米品种,在幼苗4~6叶喷施25.00 g/hm2苯唑草酮,统计杂草防效及株高抑制率。试验结果表明,苯唑草酮对玉米地常见杂草的防效达到90%以上;苯唑草酮对甜玉米幼苗生长产生一定药害,其中‘中甜8号’和‘正甜68’较为敏感,施药后10天株高抑制率分别为24.83%和23.01%;甜玉米的含糖量与对苯唑草酮的敏感性没有相关性。 相似文献
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O. A. Abdin B. E. Coulman D. C. Cloutier M. A. Faris D. L. Smith 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1997,179(1):19-27
Interseeded cover crops can minimize soil erosion, increase organic matter and nutrient levels and the yield of subsequent crops. However, their performance is very sensitive to local conditions. Field experiments were conducted at two Quebec locations in 1993 and 1994 in order to evaluate the potential use of forage legumes and grasses as interseeds in corn in eastern Canada. Twelve forage species were evaluated. Fall rye ( Secale cereal L.), hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth), a mixture of red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) and ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam), a mixture of white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) and ryegrass, subterranean clover ( Trifolium subterraneum L.), yellow sweet clover ( Melilotus officinalis Lam.), black medic ( Medicago lupulina L.), Persian clover ( Trifolium resupinatum L.), strawberry clover ( Trifolium fragiferum L.), crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum L.), annual alfalfa ( Medicago saliva L.) and berseem clover ( Trifolium alexandrinum L.) were seeded at two planting dates (10 and 20 days after corn emergence). The control treatments were: hand weeding, chemical weeding and non-weeded. Early seeded forages established better and had higher biomass accumulation than the late seeded ones. In the presence of larger weed populations, the interseeded forages did not develop well due to competition with the weeds. At Macdonald crimson clover provided good soil cover while Persian clover, fall rye and alfalfa provided relatively little cover. Strawberry clover and hairy vetch did not provide early ground cover due to their late development. Forage mixtures of red or white clover and rye grass established well and achieved high populations at the end of the growing season. Fall rye provided good early ground cover but senesced by the middle of the season. The better establishment and early germination of crimson clover caused a 19% reduction in corn grain yield in 1993. In 1994 none of the cover crops caused a reduction in corn yield. 相似文献
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《European Journal of Agronomy》2000,12(2):93-102
Weed competition can cause substantial maize (Zea mays L.) yield reductions. Interseeding maize with cover crops or a combination of interrow cultivation and interseeded cover crops are possible alternative methods of weed control. This study was conducted to examine the potential of interrow cultivation plus cover crops to reduce weed density in maize without reducing the grain yield. Field experiments were conducted in 1993 and 1994 at two sites in Québec to determine the effects of planting 12 cover crops with maize on weed control. Fall rye (Secale cereal L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), a mixture of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam), a mixture of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and ryegrass, subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), yellow sweet clover (Meliotus officinalis Lam), black medic (Medicago lupulina L.), Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L.), strawberry clover (Trifolium fragiferum L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) were seeded at two planting dates, 10 and 20 days after maize emergence. Interrow cultivation was carried out weekly until forage seeding, with a final cultivation being conducted just prior to cover crop seeding. Cover crop planting date did not affect maize yields or the ability of interrow tillage plus cover crops to suppress the development of weed populations. Maize yield was less affected by the interseeded cover crops under conditions of adequate rainfall. Corn planted in fields heavily infested with weeds resulted in substantial yield reductions even when rainfall was adequate. Except for 1993 at l'Assomption interrow tillage plus cover crop treatments had consistently lower weed biomass when compared to the weedy control. Most of the weed control was due to the interrow cultivation performed prior to seeding of the cover crops. The lowest weed density occurred in the herbicide treated plots. The ability of interrow tillage plus cover crops to suppress the development of weeds was affected by the level of weed infestation, the growing conditions and location. The cover crops provide additional weed control but the interrrow tillage or some herbicide application may still be necessary. 相似文献
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Lars Olav Brandsæter Anne Kjersti Bakken Kjell Mangerud Hugh Riley Ragnar Eltun Haldor Fykse 《European Journal of Agronomy》2011,34(4):239-246
To ensure optimum conditions for organic cereal growing, it is important to minimize both compaction and soil inversion depth. The relative effects of using light versus heavier tractors, shallow versus deeper ploughing and on-land versus in-furrow wheel placement during ploughing were investigated in three-year organic rotations dominated by cereals with naturally infested stands of perennial weeds. The second part of the experiments was carried out in continuous barley with transplanted root fragments of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. and rhizome pieces of Elymus repens (L.) Gould. Ploughing was performed in spring under favourable weather conditions. Neither tractor weight nor wheel placement influenced decisively the numbers and above-ground biomass of perennial weeds. Depth of ploughing, on the other hand, affected both perennial weed infestation and yield levels consistently. Weed numbers and the total above-ground weed biomass were mostly 50% lower with deep ploughing (25 cm) than with shallow ploughing (15 cm). The greatest advantage of deep ploughing appeared in the control of C. arvense, which in some cases was reduced by more than 90% compared to shallow ploughing. In organic rotations dominated by cereals, therefore, combating of perennial weeds by deep ploughing may be more important than factors such as tractor weight and wheel placement. 相似文献
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不同耕作方式对玉米田杂草发生规律及产量的影响 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
摘要：研究了小麦－玉米一年两熟制农田,在免耕覆盖麦秸、免耕、旋耕三种耕作方式下,玉米田杂草发生规律、喷施玉农乐对杂草的防除效果及对玉米产量的影响。结果表明：不同耕作方式杂草种类差异不大,免耕覆盖麦秸的杂草数量比免耕不覆盖的降低53％-82％,比旋耕的降低了62％-78％。玉农乐30g/hm2处理,免耕覆盖麦秸的防效最好,免耕不覆盖和旋耕田差异不大;玉米田免耕覆盖麦秸,能降低玉农乐的用药量。免耕覆盖麦秸玉米出苗率降低,但是穗粒数、百粒重及产量增加;玉农乐45-60g/hm2处理,不同耕作方式中其产量差异不大;玉农乐30g/hm2处理和对照小区的产量,免耕覆盖麦秸的最高。 相似文献
19.
苗后除草剂喷施时期对杂草防治及冬油菜产量和品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探究苗后除草剂不同施用时期对北方冬油菜田间杂草的防控效果及其对冬油菜生长、产量和品质的影响,以当地主栽甘蓝型冬油菜天油2266和白菜型冬油菜天油H614为试验材料,选用对冬油菜安全的苗后除草剂高效氟吡甲禾灵,设置4个喷施时期处理,于2018-2019年开展大田试验。结果表明,越冬后不同时期喷施苗后除草剂,甘蓝型冬油菜田间杂草总数较对照减少57.54%~92.56%,杂草总鲜重较对照降低75.40%~97.48%,第2时期（3月25日）处理产量较对照增加354.50kg/hm2;白菜型冬油菜田间杂草株防效和鲜重防效分别为55.91%~92.02%和37.17%~97.46%,产量较对照增加2.29%~16.77%。因此,在冬油菜大量返青但未封行前施用苗后除草剂,可显著防控田间杂草并增加冬油菜籽粒产量。 相似文献
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U. M. E. Didon 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2002,188(3):176-184
An experiment was conducted with three spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare ssp. vulgare L.) cultivars of contrasting competitiveness to identify variations in their early competitive response to weed competition and to study canopy architecture and growth development at the early stages of cultivar growth. The aim was also to investigate whether differences in shoot morphology, growth development and competitive response could explain the differences in competitive ability against weeds. The barley cultivars were grown outdoors in boxes either in monoculture or in a mixture with white mustard ( Sinapis alba L.) as a model weed. The experiment was run until the barley cultivars were in the stem elongation stage. The varieties with strong to medium competitive ability against weeds shortened the time of emergence in the presence of S. alba in contrast to the least competitive cultivar. The results also indicated that spring barley cultivars with strong competitive ability against weeds have an early stem extension as a response to weed competition and a low competitive response. Morphological traits, namely large length of the two first internodes, long main shoot in the tillering stage and a small leaf angle, may be important traits in competition for light. 相似文献