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1.
Logendra LS Gianfagna TJ Specca DR Janes HW 《HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science》2001,36(5):893-896
Limited-cluster production systems may be a useful strategy to increase crop production and profitability for the greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). In this study, using an ebb-and-flood hydroponics system, we modified plant architecture and spacing and determined the effects on fruit yield and harvest index at two light levels. Single-cluster plants pruned to allow two leaves above the cluster had 25% higher fruit yields than did plants pruned directly above the cluster; this was due to an increase in fruit weight, not fruit number. Both fruit yield and harvest index were greater for all single-cluster plants at the higher light level because of increases in both fruit weight and fruit number. Fruit yield for two-cluster plants was 30% to 40% higher than for single-cluster plants, and there was little difference in the dates or length of the harvest period. Fruit yield for three-cluster plants was not significantly different from that of two-cluster plants; moreover, the harvest period was delayed by 5 days. Plant density (5.5, 7.4, 9.2 plants/m2) affected fruit yield/plant, but not fruit yield/unit area. Given the higher costs for materials and labor associated with higher plant densities, a two-cluster crop at 5.5 plants/m2 with two leaves above the cluster was the best of the production system strategies tested. 相似文献
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Effects of foliar application of some macro- and micro-nutrients on tomato plants in aquaponic and hydroponic systems 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An aquaponic system was designed to investigate effects of foliar applications of some micro- and macro-nutrients on tomato growth and yield in comparison with a hydroponic system. Common carp, grass carp and silver carp were stocked in the rearing tanks at 15, 20 and 15 fish m−3, respectively. The fish were fed three times daily with a pellet diet containing 46% protein. Fourteen days old tomatoes seedlings were transplanted on to growth bed units of aquaponic and hydroponic systems after stocking of carp fish for 2.5 months in the rearing tanks. Foliar nutrients application began 30 days after transplantation. Eight treatments were used, untreated control, foliar application at the rate of 250 mL plant−1 with 0.5 g L−1 K2SO4, MgSO4·7H2O, Fe-EDDHA, MnSO4·H2O, H3BO3, ZnCl2, and CuSO4·5H2O. Plants were sprayed twice a month. The results showed that biomass gains of tomatoes were higher in hydroponics as compared to aquaponics. Foliar application of K, Mg, Fe, Mn, and B increased vegetative growth of plants in the aquaponics. In the hydroponics, only Fe and B had positive effects on plant growth. Cluster number per plant in aquaponics was lower than in hydroponics treatments, but it increased with foliar application of elements. There was no difference in fruit number and yield between aquaponics and hydroponics grown plants in the control treatments. Except Cu, foliar spray of all elements significantly increased plant fruit number and yield in the aquaponics in order of: K > Fe > Mn > Zn > Mg > B. In the hydroponics, foliar application of K, Mg and Zn increased fruit number and yield of plants compared to control. These results indicated that foliar application of some elements can effectively alleviate nutrient deficiencies in tomatoes grown on aquaponics. 相似文献
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One of the most important factors limiting agricultural expansion and production is the restricted supply of good quality water. The present study examines the effects of K+ and Ca2+ fertilization on sweet pepper production, blossom-end rot (BER) incidence and fruit quality of pepper plants (Capsicum annuum L.) grown under moderate saline conditions. Pepper plants were grown in a controlled-environment greenhouse under hydroponic conditions with different nutrient solutions obtained by modifying the Hoagland solution. The experiment consisted on four K+ treatments (0.2, 2, 7 and 14 mM) +30 mM NaCl, and four Ca2+ treatments (0.2, 2, 4 and 8 mM) +30 mM NaCl, having in common a control without salt with 7 mM K+/4 mM Ca2+. Salinity decreased total fruit yield and marketable fruit yield by 23% and 37%, respectively. The marketable fruit yield reduction by salt treatment was mainly due to the increase in the number of fruit affected by BER. This typical physiopathy of the pepper fruits occurred between 18 and 25 days after anthesis (DAA), when the highest fruit growth rate was reached. Fruit quality parameters were also affected by salt treatment where the fruit pulp thickness and firmness were decreased, and fructose, glucose and myo-inositol fruit concentrations increased with salinity relative to fruits from control treatment. Under saline conditions an increased supply of K+ reduced the fruit fresh weight, the percentage of BER and the marketable yield although promoted the vegetative growth. However, increasing Ca2+ concentration in the nutrient solution increased the fruit production, and the marketable yield as consequence of decreasing the percentage of fruit affected with BER. Fruit quality parameters also were affected by the K+ and Ca2+ treatments. 相似文献
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A. Erez 《Scientia Horticulturae》1976,5(1):43-48
‘Sunred’ nectarine trees were grown in a meadow orchard system of 19,000 plants per hectare. By cutting back all tree top down to the lowest 5 cm of one-year-old wood, immediately after cropping, renewed growth was initiated, flowers differentiated, and the original size of the well-feathered tree was recovered at the end of the growing-season. Thus annual cropping was obtained with a rhythmic change of tree size between two constant levels. Three such consecutive cycles were completed with no sign of tree decline. Bud opening was delayed by about 2 weeks. Fruit bearing was very early, with fruit size smaller and ripening-time later than fruit from conventional mature trees. Yields were about 37, 62 and 94 % of the yield of a conventional adult orchard in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd seasons respectively. 相似文献
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P.A. Bowen 《Scientia Horticulturae》1983,20(2):131-136
Greenhouse cucumbers were planted in sawdust-filled plastic bags which were fumigated with oxygen at each feeding. Treated plants produced 20% more cucumbers and 18% more fresh and dry weight than controls, but mean fruit length was 1.0 cm lower in treated plants. Fruit dry weight yield of treated plants did not depend on any particular yield component, while 58.6% of the yield variability of control plants was accounted for by the number of cucumbers produced per unit leaf area. 相似文献
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D.W. Hand J.D. Postlethwaite 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):461-470
CO2 enrichment advanced the date of first anthesis, promoted earlier cropping and shortened the duration of harvest for single-truss tomatoes sown in December and, to a lesser extent, for those sown in July. It also prevented arrested development of the flowers of a December-sown crop growing in poor light.CO2 caused increases in marketable fruit yield that were greatest for a mid- July sowing and least for a mid-December sowing. The increases obtained from plants sown in mid-December were independent of population density. For a mid-July sowing the increases in yield of ripe marketable tomatoes were 33% and 17% at population densities of 10 and 25 plants/m2 respectively. Increases in total marketable fruit weight caused by CO2 resulted from an increase in the number of fruits attaining marketable size and an increase in the average weight of individual fruits.Some of the advantages of producing fruit on single-truss tomatoes grown in shallow capillary-watered beds are mentioned. 相似文献
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M.O.A. Fawusi 《Scientia Horticulturae》1977,7(4):329-337
In a factorial experiment to investigate the combined effects of plant density and time of split application of fertilizer, 4 spacings and 3 fertilizer treatments were employed. Plant populations were varied between 24,000 and 54,000 per ha. Equal amounts of NPK were applied in different split applications and at specific physiological stages.Time to 50% flowering was delayed by fertilizer application as well as by wide within-row spacing. Total leaf N and P content declined with all treatments between flowering and mature-green stage of fruits, but increased again at table-ripe stage. Leaf K content remained constant throughout the growth period.Two-split applications of NPK, one at 2 weeks after transplanting to the field and the other at fruit set, were more beneficial than either no fertilizer or 3-split applications of equal amount of fertilizer, when the third application was at mature-green stage. This was indicated by higher fruit yields with 2-split applications.Highest fruit yields were obtained when tomatoes were planted either at 30.5 cm × 91 cm single-row spacing, or at 45.5 cm × 122.0 cm, double-row spacing, both giving 36,000 plants per hectare. Fruit yields were reduced at lower and higher population densities. 相似文献
10.
S. J. Tabatabaei P. Hadley 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(1):158-163
SummaryTomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. `DRK') were grown hydroponically in two experiments to determine the effects of nutrient concentration and distribution in the root zone on yield, quality and blossom end rot (BER). The plants were grown in rockwool with their root systems divided into two portions. Each portion was irrigated with nutrient solutions with either the same or different electrical conductivity (EC) in the range 0 to 6.dS m±1. In both experiments, fruit yields decreased as EC increased from moderate to high when solutions of equal concentration were applied to both portions of the root system. However, higher yields were obtained when a solution with high EC was applied to one portion of the root system and a solution of low EC to the other portion. For example, the fresh weight of mature fruits in the 6/6 treatment was only 20% that of the 3/3 treatment but the 6/0 treatment had a yield that was 40% higher. The reduction in yield in the high EC treatments was due to an increase in the number of fruits with BER and smaller fruit size. BER increased from 12% to 88% of total fruits as EC increased from 6/0 to 6/6 and fruit length decreased from 67.mm to 52.mm. Fruit quality (expressed as titratable acidity and soluble solids) increased as EC increased. In summary, high yields of high quality tomatoes with minimal incidence of BER were obtained when one portion of the root system was supplied with a solution of high EC and the other portion with a solution of moderate or zero EC. 相似文献
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A. A. Habashy Testa Mosconi R Caccia A Mazzucato E Santangelo G. P. Soressi 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):322-328
SummaryTo breed fruitful triploid tomatoes, diploid (2x) and tetraploid (4x) plants were regenerated from hypocotyl explants, using two pairs of near-isogenic lines differing respectively for the parthenocarpic fruit and parthenocarpic fruit-2 mutations. From 626 regenerated shoots, 53 were tetraploid. In the 4x plants, the mean number of fruits was lower than in the 2x class for all the genotypes, but in the two parthenocarpic lines it was higher than in the respective wild-types at the same ploidy level. Compared with 2x, the mean weight of 4x fruits was lower in wild-type and higher in parthenocarpic lines. Out of four cross combinations between tetraploid and diploid plants (within two parthenocarpic and two corresponding wild-type lines), only two yielded seeds (the parthenocarpic fruit line and its near-isogenic wild-type). Triploids were vegetatively propagated and evaluated in a field trial. Whereas wild-type triploids were completely sterile, the 3x parthenocarpic fruit plants had a fruit set that was not statistically different from that observed in 2x individuals. Mean fruit weight in 3x parthenocarpic plants was also higher than in 2x and comparable with 4x plants. Yield estimates in such triploids were not statistically different from those recorded in diploids, both wild-type and parthenocarpic. Triploid fruits had a soluble solids value higher than 2x fruits. The total seedlessness and the increased dry-matter content appeared traits peculiar to triploid parthenocarpic fruits. Therefore, triploids may deserve interest in breeding fresh market and processing tomatoes, providing that their commercial multiplication is ensured by micropropagation. 相似文献
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经过多年引种、筛选、杂交和系统选育，培育出了大红、粉红、橙黄、米黄、橙红、深红、棕紫等多种颜色的彩色樱桃番茄系列。均为无限生长型，果圆球形，单重12－15g，可溶性固形物含量7％左右，每穗结果20－50只，单株结果总数200只以上。单株产量3kg左右，667m^2种植2000株以上，总产量4000－5000kg。 相似文献
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Y. B. Awang J. G. Atherton A. J. Taylor 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):791-795
Fruit development and quality in strawberry cv. Rapella were influenced by salinity (+NaCl) treatments applied to the roots of plants growing in rockwool under heated glasshouse conditions. As salinity increased from 2.5 to 8.5 mS cm-1, fruit yield decreased. Analysis of the fruit showed that the reduction in yield was due to reduced water content, reflected by increasing dry matter percentage (8.32% at 2.5 to 9.78% at 8.5 mS cm-1). The concentration of reducing sugars and acids remained the same on a dry-weight basis after salinity treatment but, on a fresh weight basis, the decreasing water content increased their relative concentrations. Salinity levels had no significant effect on instrumental texture and colour measurements. Sensory evaluation of the colour, texture and flavour of strawberries showed significant differences in colour and flavour but no difference in texture. 相似文献
16.
R. W. Marsh 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):284-287
An instrument is described for measuring the compression of tomatoes under a known weight. This has been used to study the effect of some of the many factors likely to influence the firmness of tomatoes. The measurements of compression were made along the axis from the calyx to the stylar scar.The compressibility of the fruit increased threefold during ripening from the mature green to the fully red condition. The firmness of the fruits of two varieties increased with the number of locules per fruit.Comparison of the fruits of eight varieties showed marked differences in firmness; the even-ripening form of Potentate (Potella) was the firmest variety tested, and Harbinger the softest. The compression readings were significantly and negatively correlated with the percentage of walls and placentae, and with the thickness of the fruit as measured along the axis of compression. Fruit size and the percentage of walls were themselves positively correlated.Both lime and potash significantly increased the firmness of the fruit of variety Moneymaker. Phosphate had a slight beneficial effect, but no significant response was found to nitrogenous fertilizer.Tomatoes of two varieties, grown with different combinations of shading, day temperature and watering, were examined. Fruits grown at a day temperature of 85° F. (29-5° C.) were 30% softer than those grown at 65° F. (18-3° C.). Some evidence was obtained that heavy watering softened the fruit, particularly under hot, shaded conditions.Freshly-picked tomatoes of three varieties approaching the fully red condition continued to soften rapidly during storage (74° F.), the effect being highly significant even within three days.The effect of fruit size on the compression readings, and on percentage compression, is discussed. 相似文献
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Hilary Hughes 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):253-262
In experiments over the period 1962–64 in southern England the effects of runner size, planting time and in-row spacing were compared with regard to the yield of one-year strawberry plants. Planting time had the greatest effect. Early planting markedly increased yield, though runner size interacted with it. In August, runner size had no effect, very small runners yielding as well as large ones but, from September planting, large runners outyielded smaller runners. Plots with spacing of six inches in the row outyielded those with spacing of twelve inches.The experimental treatments did not have a marked effect on the yield of large berries in 1962, but in 1963, when growth was less vigorous, treatment effects were similar to those on overall yield. The yield of very early, ripe fruit was greatest from the September-planted runners. Plant spacing had no effect on time of ripening.The difference in growth and crop between the two years was probably related to the soil and to air-temperature differences each autumn after planting.In the second season of each trial, plant spacing was doubled, by removal of alternate plants. The original planting treatments had few significant effects on the yield from the spaced, two-year old plants. From both one-and two-year-old plants Cambridge Favourite outyielded Cambridge Rival, but the latter gave more early ripe fruit and less waste fruit. 相似文献
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Mortley DG Loretan PA Hill WA Bonsi CK Morris CE Hall R Sullen D 《HortScience : a publication of the American Society for Horticultural Science》1998,33(7):1147-1149
'Georgia Red' peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and TU-82-155 sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam] were grown in monocultured or intercropped recirculating hydroponic systems in a greenhouse using the nutrient film technique (NFT). The objective was to determine whether growth and subsequent yield would be affected by intercropping. Treatments were sweetpotato monoculture (SP), peanut monoculture (PN), and sweetpotato and peanut grown in separate NFT channels but sharing a common nutrient solution (SP-PN). Greenhouse conditions ranged from 24 to 33 degrees C, 60% to 90% relative humidity (RH), and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) of 200 to 1700 micromoles m-2 s-1. Sweetpotato cuttings (15 cm long) and 14-day-old seedlings of peanuts were planted into growth channels (0.15 x 0.15 x 1.2 m). Plants were spaced 25 cm apart within and 25 cm apart between growing channels. A modified half-Hoagland solution with a 1 N: 2.4 K ratio was used. Solution pH was maintained between 5.5 and 6.0 for treatments involving SP and 6.4 and 6.7 for PN. Electrical conductivity (EC) ranged between 1100 and 1200 microS cm-1. The number of storage roots per sweetpotato plant was similar for both SP and SP-PN. Storage root fresh and dry mass were 29% and 36% greater, respectively, for plants in the SP-PN treatment than for plants in the SP treatment. The percent dry mass of the storage roots, dry mass of fibrous and pencil roots, and the length-to-diameter ratio of storage roots were similar for SP and SP-PN sweetpotato plants. Likewise, foliage fresh and dry mass and harvest index were not significantly influenced by treatment. Total dry mass was 37% greater for PN than for SP-PN peanut plants, and pod dry mass was 82% higher. Mature and total seed dry mass and fibrous root dry mass were significantly greater for PN than for SP-PN plants. Harvest index (HI) was similar for both treatments. Root length tended to be lower for seedlings grown in the nutrient solution from the SP-PN treatment. 相似文献
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川腾5号辣椒品种是以自交系2002—57—8—1—2作母本、自交系2003—10—18作父本配制而成的一代杂种。该品种极早熟，首花节位7～11节，从定植到始收青椒平均为60d，比对照湘研11号早1d；株型较紧凑，株高47．5cm，株幅55．6cin×55．6em；果实粗牛角形，长10．8cm，粗4．6cm，果肉厚0．31cm，单果质量48．7g；青熟果绿色，老熟果红色，外观商品性优；肉质脆嫩，微辣；适鲜食；一般每667m2。产量2500kg以上；耐寒、耐旱性强；中抗疫病和病毒病，抗烟青虫、中抗蚜虫。适合四川和全国早熟早春保护地和露地种植。 相似文献