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过量式稀硫酸棉花种子脱绒技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
新疆是我国主要产棉基地．棉花生产已成为新疆主要支柱产业．新疆每年所供棉种的特点是数量大、品种多．这就给棉花种子加工与质量管理带来了一定的难度．棉种质量管理也就显得更加重要。而棉花种子脱绒技术与设备的运用是棉花种子工程中的基础环节和棉花机械化精量播种、节本增效的关键技术．是影响种子质量好坏的关键环节。 相似文献
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<正>中棉种业科技股份有限公司(以下简称中棉种业)成立于2006年,由中国农业科学院棉花研究所对其全资公司—河南省安阳中国农业科学院棉花研究所科技贸易公司改制而成。公司成立以来,其产品经过农业部棉花品质监督检验测试中心连续多年检测,质量均达到或超过国家标准,公司因此受到种子管理部门和广大棉农的好评。公司成立后建立的种子质量全程 相似文献
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近年来,随着优良品种的大面积推广,兵团棉花种植面积逐年增加,棉花总产量逐年上升,兵团的棉花产业呈现出良好的势头. 1兵团棉花种子质量管理现状 棉花是兵团的支柱产业,经多方投资建设,棉种生产、加工基础设施和良繁体系建设得到不断加强和完善,同时添加了大量国内外较先进的种子检测仪器设备,种子质量检验人员的技术水平和业务素质不断提升,棉种质量控制体系逐步建立健全.基本形成了兵团种子质量监督检测中心为核心,师种子管理部门为主体,团场(种子企业)种子检验室为基础的三级棉花种子质量控制体系. 相似文献
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新疆是我国主要产棉基地，棉花生产现已成为新疆主要支柱产业，加之由于南北疆地理环境和气候条件差异较大，棉种的品种也就很多。所以新疆每年所供棉种的特点是数量大、品种多，这就给棉花种子加工与质量管理带来了一定的难度，棉种质量管理也就显得更加重要。除了选择适合本地土壤和气候条件的优良品种外，棉种的加工水平也直接影响着它的质量。棉种加工的关键是脱绒，即把经轧花、剥绒后的毛籽(一般短绒含量6％～12％)脱绒，制成适合机械播种的光籽。脱绒质量的好坏直接影响到种子的品质。脱绒质量含有两方面的意义，一方面指棉种的外观质量，脱绒后是否真正成为光子，如果种子上仍然残留有较多的短绒，同样会影响棉种的选种、种衣剂处理、机械精密播种并污染作业环境； 相似文献
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（通讯员毕玉昆刘华）3月1日，新疆锦棉种业公司被新疆维吾尔自治区种子协会、种子管理总站授予“种子质量信得过企业”和“构建新疆诚信种业”荣誉称号，这是新疆锦棉种业公司成立两年来抓质量、强管理、优质服务带来的成效，也是首次获得新疆维吾尔自治区的表彰。 相似文献
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棉花种子活力及其影响因素探讨 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
本文以作者多年来对棉种活力和质量控制的研究工作为基础，参考了国内外有关种子活力和棉花种子研究的文献资料，根据棉花种子的特点，探讨了种子活力的概念，指出各种种子活力测定方法对棉子的适用范围；提出种子相对活力的概念，为比较品种间的种子活力提供了可行性；指出用Ｋ＋渗出量和游离脂肪酸含量作为检验棉花种子活力的指标为佳；分析了棉种活力与种子营养品质、播种品质的相关性，以及与多逆抗性选择和棉子加工处理的关系；提出酸脱绒棉种的质量控制程序，为保证我国棉种加工质量的标准化提供了依据。 相似文献
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通过对棉种毛籽、光籽、包衣种子各状态检验项目、方法及标准的解释,说明只要全面实施棉种检验,就能保证棉种质量。棉花种子检验是棉花种子生产、加工、经营企业不可缺少的一项关键工作,只有全面实施棉花种子检验,多方面、多角度了解棉种的情况,才能切实保证棉花种子质量。棉花种子检验从棉种状态上可分为毛籽种子检验、光籽种子检验、包衣种子检验,下面就分别详述各棉种状态检验的项目、方法及标准。 相似文献
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热风与微波干燥胡萝卜的工艺研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用热风干燥、热风和微波组合干燥对胡萝卜进行干制,检测不同干燥方法对胡萝卜干制品感观品质、复水比、VC含量的影响。结果表明,利用不同的干燥方法所获得的胡萝卜干制品的复水性能和感官品质有明显差异,热风与微波联合干燥胡萝卜制品的品质最优。降低热风温度,缩短热风干燥时间,减小热风速率和微波加热功率,均可提高干制品的复水性、VC含量及其品质。 相似文献
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Maize (Zea mays L.) is a very important crop in many of the irrigated areas of the Ebro Valley (NE Spain). Intensive pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) production is also an important economic activity in these areas, and the use of pig slurry (PS) as a fertiliser for maize is a common practise. From 2002 to 2005, we conducted a field trial with maize in which we compared the application of 0, 30 and 60 m3 ha−1 of PS combined with 0, 100 and 200 kg ha−1 of mineral N at sidedress. Yield, biomass and other related yield parameters differed from year to year and all of them were greatly influenced by soil NO3−-N content before planting and by N (organic and/or mineral) fertilisation. All years average grain yield and biomass at maturity ranged from 9.3 and 18.9 Mg ha−1 (0 PS, 0 mineral N) to 14.4 and 29.6 Mg ha−1 (60 m3 ha−1 of PS, 200 kg ha−1of mineral N), respectively. Grain and total N biomass uptake average of the studied period ranged from 101 and 155 kg ha−1 (0 PS, 0 mineral N) to 180 and 308 kg ha−1 (60 m3 ha−1 of PS, 200 kg ha−1of mineral N), respectively. All years average soil NO3−-N content before planting and after harvest were very high, and ranged from 138 and 75 kg ha−1 (0 PS, 0 mineral N) to 367 and 457 kg ha−1 (60 m3 ha−1 of PS, 200 kg ha−1of mineral N), respectively. The optimal N (organic and/or mineral) rate varied depending on the year and was influenced by the soil NO3−-N content before planting. For this reason, soil NO3−-N content before planting should be taken into account in order to improve N fertilisation recommendations. Moreover, the annual optimal N rates also gave the lowest soil NO3−-N contents after harvest and the lowest N losses, as a consequence they also could be considered as the most environmentally friendly N rates. 相似文献
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以新鲜鸡蛋为试材,对其分别进行热处理(50℃下20 min)、热处理结合巴西棕榈蜡-单月桂酸甘油脂(CW-GML)涂膜(50℃下20 min后常温涂膜)、热处理结合热CW-GML涂膜(50℃下20 min后热涂膜),以不进行加热及涂膜处理为对照组,在30℃恒温培养箱中进行为期35 d的保鲜试验,探究CW-GML涂膜剂配合热处理对鸡蛋保鲜的效果。结果表明:在第35天时,热处理结合CW-GML热涂膜的保鲜效果最好,失重率为4.53%,没有出现散黄,挥发性盐基氮含量低,菌落总数为4.1×103 CFU/g。 相似文献
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In order to research face-gear drives, a face-gear drive with spur involute pinion is considered. The genera, tion of a face gear is based on application of a conventional shaping machine and an involute shaper. The functions of theoretic shaping surface and processing surface about the face gear are deduced. Computer programs are developed for simulation of these surfaces. In shaping time, mutual position of two surfaces, theoretic shaping surface and processing surface, is analyzed by simulation. In the end, the feasibility of the process method is concluded. 相似文献
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Strawberry fruit have a very short shelf-life and senescent period due to their high degree of perishability and infection caused by several pathogens that can rapidly reduce fruit quality. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) and composites with chitosan (CH) coatings on the shelf-life and overall quality of strawberry fruit. Strawberry fruit dipped for 2 min in solutions of CMC (1%), HPMC (1%), CMC (1%) + CH (1%) and HPMC (1%) + CH (1%) were stored at 11 ± 1 °C, 70–75% RH, while the uncoated fruit served as controls. Fruit coated with edible coatings showed significant delays in the change of weight loss, decay percentage, titratable acidity (TA), pH, total soluble solids (TSS) and ascorbic acid content as compared to uncoated control fruit. In addition, the edible coatings had a positive effect on maintaining higher concentrations of total phenolics and total anthocyanins, which decreased in control fruit due to over-ripening and senescence processes. Compared to the controls, all the coatings had positive effects on the inhibition of cell wall degrading enzymes and among all the tested coatings, CMC + CH and HPMC + CH was superior in inhibiting enzyme activity. These findings suggest that the use of CMC 1% + CH 1% and HPMC 1% + CH 1% coatings are useful for extending the shelf-life and maintaing quality of strawberry fruit. 相似文献
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Franka Mlikota Gabler Julien Mercier J.I. Jiménez J.L. Smilanick 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2010,55(2):78-84
An integrated approach was evaluated that combined biological and chemical fumigation of table grapes to control postharvest gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea. After fumigation of the grapes with ozone or sulfur dioxide during pre-cooling, the fruit were then exposed to continuous biofumigation by the volatile-producing fungus Muscodor albus during storage. Biofumigation was provided by in-package generators containing a live grain culture of the fungus. This grain formulation of M. albus survived the initial ozone or sulfur dioxide fumigation, but sulfur dioxide reduced its production of isobutyric acid, an indicator of the production of antifungal volatiles. Gray mold incidence was reduced among inoculated ‘Autumn Seedless’ grapes from 91.7 to 19.3% by 1 h fumigation with 5000 μL L?1 ozone, and further reduced to 10.0% when ozone fumigation and M. albus biofumigation were combined. The natural incidence of gray mold among organically grown ‘Thompson Seedless’ grapes after 1 month of storage at 0.5 °C was 31.0%. Ozone fumigation and M. albus biofumigation reduced the incidence of gray mold to 9.7 and 4.4, respectively, while the combined treatment reduced gray mold incidence to 3.4%. The use of commercial sulfur dioxide pads reduced the incidence to 1.1%. The combination of ozone and M. albus controlled decay significantly, but was less effective than the standard sulfur dioxide treatments. Although less effective than sulfur dioxide treatment, ozone and M. albus controlled decay significantly, and could be alternatives to sulfur dioxide, particularly for growers complying with organic production requirements. 相似文献
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Eder Jorge de Oliveira Saulo Alves Santos de Oliveira Sandielle Araújo Vilas Boas Camila Santiago Hohenfeld Vanderlei da Silva Santos 《Euphytica》2017,213(8):185
Cassava root rot disease (CRRD) severely affects productivity in several countries. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and to identify multiple resistance sources against pathogens associated with CRRD. The symptoms caused by Fusarium spp., Phytophthora spp., and Botryosphaeriaceae species in peel and pulp from the roots were evaluated in 277 accessions using a whole tuberous root inoculation method. The resistance data were obtained by REML/BLUP (restricted maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased predictor). The classic selection index (CI), multiplicative (MI), and sum of ranks (SRI) were used to identify the accessions with multiple resistance. For all pathogens, the environmental variance (\(\sigma_{e}^{2}\)) was the most important component. Individual heritability \(\left( {h_{g}^{2} } \right)\) was of low magnitude for resistance to most pathogens (0.16 ± 0.02—peel and 0.31 ± 0.03—pulp for Fusarium spp.; 0.26 ± 0.03—peel and 0.30 ± 0.03—pulp for Phytophthora spp.; and 0.28 ± 0.03—peel and 0.27 ± 0.03—pulp for Botryosphaereacea species). The distribution of CRRD symptoms indicated the presence of quantitative inheritance. The direct selection of the 15 more resistant accessions based on the genotypic predicted values result in high reductions of disease (>50%). However, there was a low matching rate of the most resistant accessions for each pathogen and the different parts of the tuberous roots (peel and pulp). The CI and MI were the most promising compared to the SRI to ensure high and balanced resistance for each pathogen. Understanding the genetic basis of resistance to CRRD and the identification of sources with multiple resistance may be useful in various management strategies to control the disease. 相似文献
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J. H. Louw 《Plant Breeding》1990,104(4):346-352
The objective of this study was to develop a genetic selection index for the combination of quantitative observations repeated in different environments when there may be genotype-environment interactions and heterogeneity of the variance. A distinction is made between the index for local ranking of strains for each environment on its own and the index for a joint ranking which predicts mean genotypic value averaged over all environments. The resulting index was applied to field trial observations on the yield of wheat at two locations, involving 276 newly developed strains in six trial groups of equal size, in order to study the efficiency of the index and the sampling variance of index weights. The index for local ranking of strains was found to be consistently more efficient than ranking without the index, though only marginally so in trials with low coefficients of error variation. Limitations on general use of the index, as related to trial size and the standard errors of index weights, are discussed. 相似文献