共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 256 毫秒
1.
紫茎泽兰对两种牧草发芽的化感克异作用 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：11
研究了紫茎泽兰地上部分、根系及根际土壤不同浓度提取液对白三叶和多花黑麦草发芽的影响。研究结果表明：紫茎泽兰对白三叶和黑麦草种子萌芽存在化感克异现象，并且随浓度的增加，影响越大；相同条件下，对白三叶的影响强于多花黑麦草；低浓度对白三叶败育的影响较大，但对多花黑麦草几乎没有影响；紫茎泽兰根际土壤对两种牧草种子萌芽无明显的化感克异作用。 相似文献
2.
环境因素对紫茎泽兰种子萌发的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
紫茎泽兰是一种入侵性极强的外来杂草,其种子对环境条件的适应能力是其成功入侵的关键。本研究采用实验生态学的方法,在室内外系统研究了储藏条件、地面覆盖物、pH值及温度对紫茎泽兰种子萌发的影响。结果表明,紫茎泽兰种子萌发需要适合的环境条件。地面覆盖可以有效控制紫茎泽兰种子的萌发,5mm的覆盖物就可以显著降低种子发芽数量,在枯枝落叶厚度超过20mm时紫茎泽兰种子几乎不能萌发。室温条件下储藏一年,种子萌发率不低于60%,而在低温干藏（5℃）和低温沙藏（5℃）的条件下,可以有效延长种子寿命。紫茎泽兰种子对pH和温度均有一个很宽的适应范围,pH值在3.5~9.5和温度梯度在低温10℃到高温50℃/20℃之间种子均可以萌发。本研究结果对于揭示紫茎泽兰的入侵机理以及探讨生态系统对于紫茎泽兰入侵的抵御机制具有重要的参考价值。 相似文献
3.
4.
以紫茎泽兰为供试材料,采用生测的方法,研究了不同环境条件下根系分泌物的化感作用,同时以没有处理的苗期的紫茎泽兰为对照,采用循环法和气质色谱联用技术,收集并分析了紫茎泽兰根系分泌物的组分和含量,探讨苗期紫茎泽兰不同环境条件下根系分泌物的差异。实验结果表明：自然条件和1000mg/kg浓度下,根系分泌物对旱稻的化感作用不明显,经蚜虫取食和农药处理的处理后,紫茎泽兰的化感作用会显著增强。GC-MS鉴定结果显示,物理损伤、农药处理和昆虫取食条件下,紫茎泽兰的根系分泌物主要化学物质种类组成相似,以酮类和酯类为主,主要化学物质含量具有差异性,主要化学物质含量的改变可能也是化感作用改变的原因 相似文献
5.
为了确定紫茎泽兰溶剂脱毒的最佳工艺条件及探索紫茎泽兰中泽兰酮含量与香葱产量的关系。采用正交试验与高效液相色谱法,结合堆肥发酵及相关分离分析技术。通过比较紫茎泽兰溶剂脱毒前后毒性成分含量的变化,确定了紫茎泽兰溶剂脱毒的最佳工艺条件为：pH为8、浸泡处理时间48 h、料液质量比为1:10、温度为50℃。同时分析了9-羰基-10,11-去氢泽兰酮的含量与香葱产量的关系,结果表明腐熟后的紫茎泽兰有机肥中毒素含量很低,对香葱的产量无明显影响。紫茎泽兰溶剂脱毒效果明显,其溶剂脱毒工艺应用于发酵生产有机肥具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
6.
为了探究紫茎泽兰在马尾松林下较多,青冈林下很少的原因。笔者以种子萌发性状参数（发芽率、芽长、根长和鲜重）和幼苗生长性状参数（株高、最大叶面积）为评价指标,野外模拟与室内盆栽研究了2 种林下凋落物覆盖及水浸液对紫茎泽兰种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：（1）马尾松林下覆盖,紫茎泽兰种子发芽和幼苗生长优于无覆盖但不显著;（2）青冈林下覆盖严重抑制种子发芽和幼苗生长;无覆盖对种子发芽率无影响,但对芽后生长和幼苗生长有明显抑制作用;（3）马尾松水浸液对种子发芽和幼苗生长基本无影响,青冈水浸液除种子发芽率外对其他指标都具有极显著抑制作用。紫茎泽兰密度差异显著的原因：马尾松林下松针凋落物覆盖保湿效果好、透气性好,凋落物分解提供了适宜的紫茎泽兰生长的土壤养分,青冈阔叶凋落物覆盖透气性差,凋落物分解释放出抑制紫茎泽兰生长的化感物质。 相似文献
7.
8.
通过研究紫茎泽兰对优良牧草威宁球茎草芦的化感作用,以期为威宁球茎草芦替代控制紫茎泽兰利用提供科学依据,试验用不同浓度的紫茎泽兰肉质根和根状茎的浸提液、粉碎液及紫茎泽兰根际土壤水浸液处理威宁球茎草芦种子,研究粉碎波及水浸提液对威宁球茎草芦萌发及幼苗生长的影响,结果表明:低浓度紫茎泽兰肉质根和根状茎及根际土壤水浸液对威宁球茎草芦种子的萌发及幼苗生长具有一定的促进作用,高浓度紫茎泽兰水浸波及所浓度粉碎液对威宁球茎草芦种子的萌发及幼苗生长则具有明显的抑制作用,而紫茎泽兰根际土壤水浸液对威宁球茎草芦种子萌发及幼苗生长影响不大,表明威宁球茎草芦可作为紫茎泽兰替代种植的优良牧草品种推广种植. 相似文献
9.
10.
紫茎泽兰基芳香防蛀缓释剂的制备与性能研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了制备紫茎泽兰基芳香型防蛀缓释剂,通过可压性和开放式体外释放实验,确立了适宜在片剂中添加的吸附剂和赋形剂,并探讨了制剂组成和制备工艺条件对片剂释放性能的影响,通过药效试验测定片剂的药效。结果表明,微粉硅胶具有较好的可压性及控释作用,适宜添加在片剂中;以紫茎泽兰草粉为载体,在10 MPa压力下可成功制备外形完好的紫茎泽兰基芳香防蛀缓释片剂,片剂中紫茎泽兰草粉用量可高达片剂质量的76% (m/m),且香味持留时间可达3个月以上;薰衣草香精的加入不仅能掩盖草粉的不愉悦气味,还能提高片剂的药效。本研究中芳香防蛀缓释剂的成功制备,不仅拓宽了紫茎泽兰的综合利用范围,也为国内防蛀剂市场提供了一个具有增香的多功能防蛀缓释剂。 相似文献
11.
重金属胁迫对白三叶种子萌发的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨重金属胁迫对白三叶(Trifolium repens)种子萌发的影响,本研究模拟4种不同浓度重金属离子(Zn2+、Pb2+、Cu2+、Cd2+)条件,测定种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和相对胚根(芽)长等相关指标。结果表明:白三叶种子对Cd2+的耐受能力最强,Zn2+和Cu2+次之,对Pb2+的耐受能力最弱。总体上,种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和相对胚根(芽)长随着重金属离子浓度的增加表现出不同程度的下降趋势。高浓度重金属离子对白三叶种子萌发及生长发育会产生严重的阻碍作用。然而,低浓度的Zn2+、Cu2+、Pb2+对胚的生长具有一定促进作用,表明白三叶对低浓度重金属环境有一定适应性。在本试验中,白三叶对Cd具有较强的耐受能力,5种不同浓度的Cd2+条件下种子的发芽率均高于50%,且Cd2+浓度为1mg/L时可促进种子的萌发。此外,进行过重金属处理的种子会表现出相对胚根长小于相对胚芽长,表明重金属胁迫首先影响种子根部的生长发育,从而抑制白三叶的生长。综上所述,白三叶对低浓度的Zn2+、Pb2+、Cu2+、Cd2+和高浓度Cd2+具有较好的耐受能力,可作为上述环境的绿化植被,并且在重金属Cd土壤污染中有良好修复前景。 相似文献
12.
优良牧草在肉兔生产中应用的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
hdlf@sohu.com 《中国农学通报》2006,22(5):26-26
（1郑州牧业工程高等专科学校,河南郑州 450011;2河南省新密市农业局,河南郑州 450011） 相似文献
13.
O. A. Abdin B. E. Coulman D. C. Cloutier M. A. Faris D. L. Smith 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1997,179(1):19-27
Interseeded cover crops can minimize soil erosion, increase organic matter and nutrient levels and the yield of subsequent crops. However, their performance is very sensitive to local conditions. Field experiments were conducted at two Quebec locations in 1993 and 1994 in order to evaluate the potential use of forage legumes and grasses as interseeds in corn in eastern Canada. Twelve forage species were evaluated. Fall rye ( Secale cereal L.), hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth), a mixture of red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.) and ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum Lam), a mixture of white clover ( Trifolium repens L.) and ryegrass, subterranean clover ( Trifolium subterraneum L.), yellow sweet clover ( Melilotus officinalis Lam.), black medic ( Medicago lupulina L.), Persian clover ( Trifolium resupinatum L.), strawberry clover ( Trifolium fragiferum L.), crimson clover ( Trifolium incarnatum L.), annual alfalfa ( Medicago saliva L.) and berseem clover ( Trifolium alexandrinum L.) were seeded at two planting dates (10 and 20 days after corn emergence). The control treatments were: hand weeding, chemical weeding and non-weeded. Early seeded forages established better and had higher biomass accumulation than the late seeded ones. In the presence of larger weed populations, the interseeded forages did not develop well due to competition with the weeds. At Macdonald crimson clover provided good soil cover while Persian clover, fall rye and alfalfa provided relatively little cover. Strawberry clover and hairy vetch did not provide early ground cover due to their late development. Forage mixtures of red or white clover and rye grass established well and achieved high populations at the end of the growing season. Fall rye provided good early ground cover but senesced by the middle of the season. The better establishment and early germination of crimson clover caused a 19% reduction in corn grain yield in 1993. In 1994 none of the cover crops caused a reduction in corn yield. 相似文献
14.
5种牧草植物对胜红蓟田间替代控制研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
研究5种牧草对入侵杂草胜红蓟的替代控制效果,为入侵杂草胜红蓟的防控提供参考依据。在田间条件下,通过分别将5种牧草（‘特高’、‘大力士’、‘多年生黑麦草’、‘白三叶’、‘杂交狼尾草’）与胜红蓟约2:1的比例混种,建立了5种不同的替代控制模式,然后动态监测各群落（种群）生物指标,评价5种牧草对入侵杂草胜红蓟的替代控制效果。结果表明：（1）以‘特高’对胜红蓟进行替代控制时,‘特高’株高不受阻、盖度占优、群落Simpson指数和Shannon-wiener指数变大,胜红蓟重要值变小;（2）以‘多年生黑麦草’对胜红蓟进行替代控制时,‘多年生黑麦草’株高不受阻、盖度占优、群落Simpson指数变大、Shannon-wiener指数变小,胜红蓟重要值变小;（3）分别以牧草‘白三叶’、‘大力士’、‘杂交狼尾草’对胜红蓟进行替代控制时,虽然牧草盖度占优,群落Simpson指数变大,但是牧草高度受阻、群落Shannon-wiener指数变小,胜红蓟重要值变大。综上结果说明牧草‘特高’和‘多年生黑麦草’对胜红蓟有很好的防控效果,而‘白三叶’、‘大力士’、‘杂交狼尾草’对胜红蓟替代控制的效果欠佳。 相似文献
15.
《European Journal of Agronomy》2000,12(2):93-102
Weed competition can cause substantial maize (Zea mays L.) yield reductions. Interseeding maize with cover crops or a combination of interrow cultivation and interseeded cover crops are possible alternative methods of weed control. This study was conducted to examine the potential of interrow cultivation plus cover crops to reduce weed density in maize without reducing the grain yield. Field experiments were conducted in 1993 and 1994 at two sites in Québec to determine the effects of planting 12 cover crops with maize on weed control. Fall rye (Secale cereal L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth), a mixture of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam), a mixture of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and ryegrass, subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), yellow sweet clover (Meliotus officinalis Lam), black medic (Medicago lupulina L.), Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L.), strawberry clover (Trifolium fragiferum L.), crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), and berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) were seeded at two planting dates, 10 and 20 days after maize emergence. Interrow cultivation was carried out weekly until forage seeding, with a final cultivation being conducted just prior to cover crop seeding. Cover crop planting date did not affect maize yields or the ability of interrow tillage plus cover crops to suppress the development of weed populations. Maize yield was less affected by the interseeded cover crops under conditions of adequate rainfall. Corn planted in fields heavily infested with weeds resulted in substantial yield reductions even when rainfall was adequate. Except for 1993 at l'Assomption interrow tillage plus cover crop treatments had consistently lower weed biomass when compared to the weedy control. Most of the weed control was due to the interrow cultivation performed prior to seeding of the cover crops. The lowest weed density occurred in the herbicide treated plots. The ability of interrow tillage plus cover crops to suppress the development of weeds was affected by the level of weed infestation, the growing conditions and location. The cover crops provide additional weed control but the interrrow tillage or some herbicide application may still be necessary. 相似文献
16.
Introgression as a Route to Improved Drought Tolerance in White Clover (Trifolium repens L.) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. H. Marshall C. Rascle M. T. Abberton T. P. T. Michaelson-Yeates & I. Rhodes 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2001,187(1):11-18
Backcross hybrids between the important forage legume white clover Trifolium repens , which is stoloniferous, and the related rhizomatous species T. ambiguum have been produced using T. repens as the recurrent parent. The drought tolerance of parents and two generations of backcross plants, possessing both stolons and rhizomes, was studied in deep soil bins in a glasshouse both as monocultures and in mixtures with perennial ryegrass. Soil moisture content, leaf relative water content, and leaf water potential were measured on plants subjected to drought cycles of 4 weeks duration and those watered normally and maintained at field capacity. Six cycles of drought, carried out over 2 years, showed that T. ambiguum and the first and second generation backcross hybrids maintained a greater leaf relative water content and higher leaf water potential than T. repens at comparable levels of soil moisture. The dry matter yield of T. repens was significantly reduced over each drought cycle compared to the watered treatments, while the yield of T. ambiguum increased over the 4-week cycle in both treatments. The yield of the backcross generations was intermediate between those of the two parental species. The implications of these results for white clover germplasm improvement programmes are discussed. 相似文献
17.
生草栽培对柑桔丛枝菌根形成及果实品质的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
试验以枳砧锦橙(CitrussinensisOsbeck.)初结果树为试材。试验设4个处理,分别为柑桔园间作百喜草(Bahiagrass)(PaspalumnotaturnFlugge)、白三叶草(Whiteclover)(TrifoliumrepensL.)、紫花苜蓿(Alfalfa)(MedicagosativaL.)和多年生黑麦草(Perennialryegrass)(LoliumperenneL.),以清耕为对照。单行小区,随机区组排列,3次重复。结果表明,在干旱季节,所有生草处理区都显著改善了根际土壤水分和温度状况,而百喜草和白三叶草生草区土壤丛枝菌根真菌孢子数和柑桔根系菌根侵染率显著高于清耕区和其它生草区。表明在干旱季节,百喜草和白三叶草生草栽培促进了果园土壤丛枝菌根真菌的生长和柑桔根系菌根的形成,从而促进了柑桔根系对水分和磷素营养的吸收利用。试验结果表明果园管理中宜选择菌根侵染率高的草种如百喜草、白三叶草在柑桔园进行生草栽培,促进柑桔根系菌根形成,改善植株生理代谢,提高果品质量。 相似文献
18.
M.D. Eyre C.N.R. Critchley C. Leifert S.J. Wilcockson 《European Journal of Agronomy》2011,34(3):153-162
A survey of 128 plots, in 2008, of a trial where the effects of crop protection can be separated from those of fertility management, generated weed cover data within six crops (winter wheat, winter barley, spring barley, potatoes, cabbages and a grass/clover ley). The effects of the 2008 crop types, of the two preceding crops and of organic and conventional crop protection and fertility management, were assessed using mixed-effects models and constrained ordination. Cover data for 22 weed species and for monocotyledon, dicotyledon, annual, perennial and total weed cover were used. Cover of 15 weed species, and of the five weed groups, was significantly affected by 2008 crops, with cover highest in spring beans and cabbage. Nine and four weed species 2008 cover were significantly related to crops grown in 2007 and 2006 respectively, as were dicotyledon, annual and total weed cover, but not monocotyledon or perennial cover. Cover of 15 species, and the five groups, was significantly higher in plots with organic crop protection, but only eight species and annuals were significantly affected by fertility management. Crop:crop protection produced the most significant interactions with most cover in organically managed plots. Five species, perennials and total weed cover produced significant three-factor models. The greatest weed cover was in organic crop protected but conventionally fertilised spring barley and the least in totally conventional winter barley. Other factors such as crop density and mechanical weeding also affected 2008 weed cover. The ordination indicated that most of the 22 species were strongly associated with crops from all three years. The sequence of crops in the rotation had a profound effect on weed cover. Where three spring-sown, difficult to weed, crops were grown in sequence (spring beans, potatoes and vegetables, spring barley) weed cover increased. However, cover was limited in grass/clover and some cereal plots with different preceding crops. Models predicting weed cover may need to take into account crop sequences within crop rotations, as well as the more usual management inputs. 相似文献
19.
There is a need to evaluate grass varieties under grazing management to allow selection of varieties to increase animal performance. However, the evaluation of animal performance under grazing with each variety is arduous and time-consuming. An alternative is to describe the preference by grazing animals when given a choice of different varieties. Indeed, there is some indications that preference is related to variety characteristics such as leaf content or digestibility, characteristics having also an impact on the level of intake of this variety. However, preference for grass varieties, when sown alone, may not reflect agricultural practice as grasses often occur in mixed swards, associated with white clover. So, the aim of the present work was to determine whether, under grazing management, cattle expressed selections when given a choice of mixed swards in which different perennial ryegrass varieties were grown in association with a common white clover variety at two levels of fertilizer application (60 or 160 kg N ha−1 annum−1). The preference for perennial ryegrass variety per se was then assessed after taking white clover content into consideration. The results show that there were significant differences in preference for perennial ryegrass varieties, per se, even for varieties with the same heading date and ploidy. The effect of white clover cover on sward selection was more marked in swards which received the higher level of nitrogen fertilizer application which may have been related to a more variable white clover content between swards. This suggests that, under low nitrogen fertilizer application, differences in perennial ryegrass varieties preference can be determined in the same experiments as are used to determine ryegrass varieties persistence in association to white clover. Nevertheless, before such ‘variety preference’ tests can be applied in practice, a validation of the possible correlation between ‘variety preference’ and ‘variety intake’ will be necessary. 相似文献