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水产生物微卫星标记技术研究进展及其应用 总被引：21，自引：4，他引：17
微卫星标记的发展和利用极大地扩展了DNA分子标记应用的深度和广度,使探索生物性状遗传本质的研究发生了革命性变化。本文简要介绍了微卫星标记技术的发展及其在水产遗传与育种研究中的应用。首先回顾了微卫星克隆技术的发展,尤其是水产生物微卫星标记及技术的发展过程,以及水产生物微卫星序列的主要来源,并对微卫星标记与其他DNA分子标记在使用范围、难易程度等方面做了比较;其次探讨了微卫星标记在遗传连锁图谱的制备、性状分析及QTL定位、群体遗传学、进化遗传、种质鉴定与亲权分析、品种培育等6个研究领域的应用;本文还对几种DNA分子标记在操作上的难易程度、多态性程度、重复性与可比性等方面进行了比较,同时还分别阐述了微卫星和其他DNA分子标记应用于水产生物研究中的适用性,并对微卫星标记的应用前景做了展望。本文旨在为微卫星标记技术在水产生物中的有效应用提供理论依据。 相似文献
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虾类种质资源研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
概述了虾类种质资源鉴定和遗传育种研究的进展情况,主要包括应用形态学、同工酶、DNA标记等技术在虾类基因组DNA多态性的检测、物种及品种的分类鉴定,亲缘关系及分子标记辅助育种中的研究和应用.形态学研究易于开展,广泛使用在研究和生产上;同工酶研究操作简便,能在一定程度上反映基因多态性;DNA标记可以准确反映不同种群的遗传变异和遗传多样性,目前被广泛使用.但形态学研究缺乏量化指标,同工酶技术反映的多态性较少,DNA标记不能直接和生产相结合,因此多种标记相结合在虾类种质资源研究中具有广阔的应用前景. 相似文献
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利用60对微卫星分子标记分别对罗氏沼虾3个养殖群体进行遗传多样性分析,通过比较样本量及标记量对遗传多样性指标的影响,探讨最适宜的样本量及标记量。结果显示,样本量和标记量的大小均对遗传多样性指数有较大的影响,其中样本量与平均等位基因数和平均有效等位基因数呈高度正相关,与杂合度和Nei氏遗传多样性指数分别呈中度、高度相关,样本量为10~30时,遗传参数变化差异显著,样本量大于30,变化差异不显著;标记量与遗传参数也存在不同程度的相关性,标记量为5~25时,各遗传多样性指数变化有明显差异,标记量大于25时,各遗传参数变化较小,多态信息含量不同的标记直接影响到群体遗传参数。性别对群体遗传多样性指标无显著性影响。研究表明,应尽可能选择多态信息含量高的微卫星分子标记开展罗氏沼虾群体遗传多样性分析,可不考虑样本性别,样本量不宜小于30,标记量不宜少于25。 相似文献
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为评估DNA随机扩增多态性标记在中国对虾遗传连锁图谱构建中的应用前景,利用中国对虾单对交配亲本及其子二代材料,对RAPD标记及其遗传规律进行了研究。22条RAPD随机引物扩增结果的统计分析表明,标记在中国对虾F2的遗传规律可归为不分离标记和分离标记:不分离标记,指在亲本和后代中均不分离的标记,占总位点的54.1%;分离标记占总位点的45.9%。其中,分离标记又包括符合孟德尔遗传分离的标记、偏离孟德尔遗传分离标记和异常分离标记。符合孟德尔分离的标记中,分离比例为3∶1的标记占分离标记的14.7%;总的1∶1标记占分离标记的64.7%;偏离孟德尔分离和异常分离的标记分别占分离标记的11.7%和8.9%。在这些分离的标记中,有76.5%的位点在"双假测交理论"的策略中适合构建中国对虾的遗传连锁图谱,这为以中国对虾F2为作图群体,并利用RAPD标记构建中国对虾遗传连锁图谱提供了理论支持。 相似文献
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为评估DNA随机扩增多态性标记在中国对虾遗传连锁图谱构建中的应用前景,利用中国对虾单对交配亲本及其子二代材料,对RAPD标记及其遗传规律进行了研究。22条RAPD随机引物扩增结果的统计分析表明,标记在中国对虾F2的遗传规律可归为不分离标记和分离标记：不分离标记,指在亲本和后代中均不分离的标记,占总位点的54.1%;分离标记占总位点的45.9%。其中,分离标记又包括符合孟德尔遗传分离的标记、偏离孟德尔遗传分离标记和异常分离标记。符合孟德尔分离的标记中,分离比例为3:1的标记占分离标记的14.7%;总的1:1标记占分离标记的64.7%;偏离孟德尔分离和异常分离的标记分别占分离标记的11.7%和8.9%。在这些分离的标记中,有76.5%的位点在“双假测交理论”的策略中适合构建中国对虾的遗传连锁图谱,这为以中国对虾F2为作图群体,并利用RAPD标记构建中国对虾遗传连锁图谱提供了理论支持。 相似文献
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微卫星具有多态性高、数量丰富、共显性遗传和分析简单等优点,已成为最受青睐的分子标记之一;并在农业动植物的遗传多样性、遗传结构和遗传育种研究和生产上得到广泛的应用,但在水产养殖中的应用还处于初始阶段。简要介绍了微卫星DNA标记在水产养殖中的应用及发展前景。 相似文献
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为研究岗巴绵羊种质特异标记,采集岗巴羊耳组织样品和其他藏区绵羊品种120只,进行岗巴绵羊群体遗传多样性对比,共检测到384个样品DNA的分型,选取合格的样本,岗巴绵羊检测到604 554个SNPs位点,大部分样本的位点检出率达到94%以上。为了对比其他藏系绵羊微卫星标记绵羊品种间的遗传关系~([3]),对岗巴绵羊全基因组扫描、群体进化关系进行分析结果显示,岗巴绵羊单独聚成一支,与其他群体无任何亲缘关系。为今后开展绵羊分子育种和品种保种、提高经济性状提供了分子遗传的理论依据。 相似文献
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为分析牙鲆自然群体的遗传多样性并筛选出能有效鉴定群体遗传特征的特异性微卫星标记,实验收集了渤海流域74尾野生个体组成实验群体。选择牙鲆24个连锁群上不同区域的72个微卫星标记进行遗传分析,其中,近着丝粒区域包含17个标记,连锁群中部包含19个标记,远着丝粒区域包含36个标记。结果显示:在连锁群不同区域上等位基因数(A)介于6.400～7.389,有效等位基因数(Ne)介于4.469～5.129,Shannon多样性指数(I)介于1.565～1.683;观测杂合度(Ho)、无偏倚杂合度期望值(He)和多态信息含量(PIC)的范围分别为0.568～0.593、0.738～0.753和0.707～0.746;Hardy-Weinberg遗传偏离指数(d)在-0.200以下;群体内个体之间的遗传距离在0.620以上。各项遗传参数表明该实验群体具有较为丰富的遗传多样性,个体之间具有相对较远的遗传距离,适宜作为基础群体进行选育。位于连锁群不同区域的微卫星标记获得的遗传参数并无明显差异,验证了标记所在位置与标记多样性高低不存在必然联系,但这些多态性标记可以作为分析牙鲆群体遗传结构的候选标记。 相似文献
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Nian Xu Zhong Yang Yanfu Que Fang Shi Bin Zhu Meihua Xiong 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2013,44(4):520-527
Chinese Sucker, Myxocyprinus asiaticus, is a valuable and endangered freshwater species in China. We investigated genetic diversity and differentiation of four M. asiaticus broodstock populations using 10 microsatellite loci. Three populations showed weak genetic differentiation among them. The other and the most distant population exhibited the lowest genetic diversity. It was inferred that wild M. asiaticus ancestry in the Yangtze River had sufficient gene flow among localities, while under the situation of population decline and fragmentation, restocking programs without genetic management might aggravate loss of genetic diversity and increase genetic differentiation. Maintenance of population connectivity among localities requires real attention in future restocking efforts. 相似文献
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应用RAPD标记技术对魁蚶Scapharca broughtonii1个韩国群体与3个中国群体的遗传多样性进行RAPD分析。对4个群体的133个个体进行扩增,共检测到171个位点。其中,多态性位点为167个,4个群体的多态性位点比例:韩国群体为86.55%、黄岛群体为90.06%、蓬莱群体为85.96%和前三岛群体为89.47%;4个群体的Shannon’s多样性指数为(0.460±0.232)~(0.491±0.214),Nei’s多样性指数为(0.308±0.171)~(0.331±0.199),表明4个群体遗传多态性较高;4个群体遗传分化指数在0.006~0.121之间。其中,韩国与中国的3个群体分化明显,说明韩国与中国3个群体的遗传结构差异较大,黄岛群体与前三岛群体间的遗传分化最小。基于4个群体Nei’s遗传距离的UPGMA方法进行聚类分析显示,黄岛群体与前三岛群体最先聚类,两群体间距离最短,再与蓬莱群体聚类,最后与韩国群体聚类。这些数据可为魁蚶种质资源的合理开发和保护及遗传改良提供科学依据。 相似文献
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Benjamin R. LaFrentz Julio C. García John P. Shelley 《Journal of fish diseases》2019,42(11):1531-1542
Recent research has identified four distinct genetic groups among isolates of Flavobacterium columnare through multilocus phylogenetic analyses; however, there are no quick methods to determine the genotype of an isolate. The objective of this research was to develop a multiplex PCR to rapidly genotype F. columnare to genetic group. Comparative bacterial genomics was used to identify regions in the genomes unique to each genetic group, and primers were designed to specifically amplify different sized amplicons for each genetic group. The optimized assay was demonstrated to be specific for each genetic group and F. columnare, and no specific amplicons were generated using gDNA from a panel of other Flavobacterium spp. and bacterial fish pathogens. The analytical sensitivity of the assay ranged from 209 to 883 genome equivalents depending on the genetic group. The multiplex PCR was evaluated by genotyping a panel of 22 unknown F. columnare isolates and performing DNA sequencing of the dnaK gene in parallel. The results demonstrated 100% accordance between multiplex PCR results and assignment to genetic group via phylogenetic analysis. The multiplex PCR provides a useful tool for assigning an unknown isolate to genetic group and may be used to determine which genetic groups of F. columnare are circulating and most predominant in different aquaculture industries. 相似文献
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Farming of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) started 20 years ago and is still in rapid expansion in China. In order to assess the genetic status of both wild and cultivated stocks of this species, we used eight microsatellite markers to estimate the level of genetic diversity within five hatchery stocks and two wild populations of A. japonicus, and compared the degree of genetic differentiation between them. High levels of polymorphism were observed over all loci. The mean alleles and expected heterozygosities over the seven stocks were 10.4–12.3 and 0.735–0.783 respectively. The results of the microsatellite survey provide no evidence to show that hatchery practice of the sea cucumber in China to date has significantly affected the genetic variability of the cultured stocks. Significant differentiation was found between most pairs of the hatchery stocks and wild populations (Fst range: 0.008–0.036), and no obvious difference was detected between the wild populations (Fst=0.008). The information on the genetic variation and differentiation obtained in this study can be applied for future genetic monitoring of A. japonicus aquaculture stocks and will be useful for future genetic improvement by selective breeding, and for designing suitable management guidelines for these genetic materials. 相似文献
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Comparative assessment of the genetic variation in selectively bred generations from two geographic populations of ivory shell (Babylonia areolata) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Jingqiang Fu Wengang Lü Weidong Li Minghui Shen Xuan Luo Caihuan Ke Weiwei You 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(8):4205-4218
Ivory shell, Babylonia areolata, is one of the commercially important mariculture species in southern China and South‐East Asia. The selection programme for growth trait has been conducted since 2010 in two selected lines for three generations, namely the Hainan (H) and Thailand (T) selected lines. Ten polymorphic microsatellite loci were used to monitor changes in their genetic diversity and structure during the selection process. A relatively high level of overall genetic diversity was observed, while the number of microsatellite allele declined slightly in the mass selection lines. Comparative diversity estimates indicated greater genetic diversity in H line than T line. Moreover, a relatively weak but significant genetic differentiation was found in both of the selected generations. In addition, the higher genetic variation observed in H line is most likely caused by artificial selection while selection bias on a growth advantage for the T population. These findings suggest no significant decline of genetic diversity was observed in the presently selected lines and that a potential exists for genetic improvement and development for B. areolata. 相似文献
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运用RAPD技术对方斑东风螺(Babylonia areolata Lamarck)泰国养殖群体和海南养殖群体的遗传多样性进行研究。选取21个10 bp随机引物对方斑东风螺2个群体各20个个体进行RAPD分析,21个引物共检测出222条带。泰国养殖群体的多态位点比例为70.27%,Shannon多样性信息指数为0.1858,Nei’s基因多样性指数为0.249 1,群体内个体间平均遗传相似率为0.7920,平均遗传距离为0.2080;海南养殖群体的多态位点比例为73.87%,Shannon信息指数为0.2044,Nei’s基因多样性指数为0.2615,群体内个体间平均遗传相似率为0.7620,平均遗传距离为0.2380。群体内遗传变异占种内遗传变异的76.81%,群体间遗传变异占23.19%。以上分析表明,方斑东风螺泰国养殖群体和海南养殖群体的遗传多样性水平仍较高,但海南群体的遗传多样性水平比泰国群体要高。 相似文献
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为了探讨太湖新银鱼快速适应新环境和快速入侵的遗传学机制,本研究利用10个微卫星位点对5个入侵地和2个原产地的群体遗传结构进行了分析。遗传多样性参数结果显示,入侵地滇池、邛海、抚仙湖和三峡库区群体的遗传多样性水平比原产地高,入侵地洱海群体的遗传多样性水平低于原产地太湖而高于巢湖群体,原产地巢湖群体的遗传多样性最低。遗传距离和UPGMA聚类结果表明邛海群体和其他群体的遗传关系最远,太湖与抚仙湖的遗传关系最近。ANOVA显示大多数遗传变异存在于太湖新银鱼群体内(95.78%),群体间的遗传变异为4.22%,固定系数(Fst=0.0422)显著,表明太湖新银鱼群体间存在显著的小尺度遗传分化,两两遗传分化指数也证实了这一点。MVSP主成分分析显示邛海、三峡库区、巢湖和滇池群体有明显的分化。由此推断,高水平的遗传多样性和显著的遗传结构差异性可能是太湖新银鱼成功入侵的重要原因。 相似文献
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- 1. Dabry's sturgeon, a large, long‐lived migratory fish is endemic to the Yangtze River. Over‐fishing and habitat destruction have caused large‐scale declines in natural stocks in the last two decades.
- 2. Examining patterns of genetic diversity has become an integral component of many management plans for endangered species. DNA fingerprinting was applied to detect genetic diversity in Dabry's sturgeon collected in 1958–1959, 1980–1981 and 1998–1999.
- 3. Studies on direct genetic parameters (genetic variability, hypervariable loci and heterozygosity) and indirect parameters (band‐sharing coefficient and allelic frequency) showed that the continuous decline in wild populations has caused the loss of genetic diversity in present‐day sturgeon.
- 4. The present‐day populations have the lowest genetic variability; thus, effective management is needed to preserve genetic diversity.
- 5. A conservation strategy is urgently required, comprising artificial rearing facilities coupled with breeding management plans.
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基于线粒体DNA控制区高变区部分序列和4对微卫星标记,对大泷六线鱼放流群体及自然海域群体的遗传多样性与遗传差异进行了比较分析。线粒体DNA控制区序列分析的结果显示,413尾个体共检测到单倍型117种,其中仅Hap_3、Hap_7和Hap_17为共享单倍型,占总单倍型数目的2.5%;放流、野生群体特有单倍型分别为20种和66种,分别占总单倍型数的17.09%和56.41%,放流群体特有单倍型数明显低于野生群体;放流群体和野生群体核苷酸多样性分别为0.005 1~0.006 7和0.005 8~0.007 5,单倍型多样性分别为0.856 7~0.949 9和0.883 1~0.954 9,遗传多样性均较高。微卫星标记分析结果显示,放流、野生群体平均等位基因数(Na)分别为13~44和13~27,平均多态信息含量为0.885 6和0.874 0,均具较高的遗传多态性;群体遗传结构分析结果表明,放流、野生群体间遗传分化水平较低。研究表明,山东近海大泷六线鱼放流群体与野生群体均具有较丰富的遗传多样性,且遗传结构未存在显著的群体分化。 相似文献