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1.
A rhizobox experiment with two phosphorus （P） treatments, zero-P （0 mg P kg^-1） and plus-P （100 mg P kg^-1） as Ca（H2PO4）2.H2O, was conducted to study the chemical and biochemical properties in the rhizosphere of two rice genotypes （cv. Zhongbu 51 and Pembe） different in P uptake ability and their relationship with the depletion of soil P fractions. Plant P uptake, pH, phosphatase activity, and soil P fractions in the rhizosphere were measured. Both total dry weight and total P uptake of Pembe were significantly （P 〈 0.05） higher than those of Zhongbu 51 in the zero-P and plus-P treatments. Significant depletions of resin-Pi, NaHCO3-Pi, NaHCO3-Po, and NaOH-Pi, where Pi stands for inorganic P and Po for organic P, were observed in the rhizosphere of both Zhongbu 51 and Pembe under both P treatments. Pembe showed a greater ability than Zhongbu 51 in depleting resin-Pi, NaHCO3-Pi, NaHCO3-Po, NaOH-Pi, and NaOH- Po in the rhizosphere. HCl-Pi and residual-P were not depleted in the rhizosphere of both genotypes, regardless of P treatments despite significant acidification in the rhizosphere of Pembe under zero-P treatment. Higher acid phosphatase （AcPME） activity and alkaline phosphatase （AlPME） activity were observed in the rhizosphere of both Zhongbu 51 and Pembe compared to the corresponding controls without plant. AcPME activity was negatively （P 〈 0.01） correlated to NaHCO3-Po concentration in the rhizosphere of both Zhongbu 51 and Pembe, suggesting that AcPME was associated with the mineralization of soil organic P.  相似文献   

2.
油菜光合生产模拟模型   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Photosynthetic production is a major determinant of final yield in crop plants. A simulation model was developed for canopy photosynthesis and dry matter accumulation in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) based on the ecophysiological processes and using a three-layer radiation balance scheme for calculating the radiation interception and absorption by the layers of flowers, pods, and leaves within the canopy. Gaussian integration method was used to calculate photosynthesis of the pod and leaf layers, and the daily total canopy photosynthesis was determined by the sum of photosynthesis from the two layers of green organs. The effects of physiological age, temperature, nitrogen, and water deficit on maximum photosynthetic rate were quantified. Maintenance and growth respiration were estimated to determine net photosynthetic production. Partition index of the shoot in relation to physiological development time was used to calculate shoot dry matter from plant biomass and shoot biomass loss because of freezing was quantified by temperature effectiveness. Testing of the model for dynamic dry matter accumulation through field experiments of different genotypes, sowing dates, and nitrogen levels showed good fit between the observed and simulated data, with an average root mean square error of 10.9% for shoot dry matter. Thus, the present model appears to be reliable for the prediction of photosynthetic production in oilseed rape.  相似文献   

3.
诊断油菜缺硼的土壤硼素临界范围   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
WEI You-Zhang 《土壤圈》2001,11(3):283-288
Relationships between seed yields of oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.) and extractable boron concen-trations in three soil layers(A,P and W) were investigated through ten experiments on three types of soils(Alluvic Entisols,Udic Ferrisols and Sagnic Anthrosols) in northern,Western and middle Zhejing Province.Among several mathematical models used to described the relationships,the polynomial equation,y=a bx cx^2 dx^3,where y is the yield of oilseed rape seed and x the extractable boron concentration in P layer of soil,was the best one.The critical range of the concentrations corresponding to 90% of the maximum oilseed rape yield was 0.40-0.52 mg kg^-1,The extractable boron concentration of the P layers of the soils was the most stable,The critical range determined was verified through the production practices of oilseed rape in Zhejiang and Anhui provinces.  相似文献   

4.
轮作体系下冬油菜养分利用效率的区域研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Fertilization is essential for oilseed rape because it is sensitivity to nutrient deficiency, especially for winter oilseed rape(Brassica napus L.). To investigate regional nutrient efficiency and nutrient uptake-yield relationship of winter oilseed rape in an intensive cropping system, this study used data from 619 site-year on-farm experiments carried out in the winter oilseed rape planting area of the Yangtze River Basin, China from 2005 to 2010, with large yield in the range of 179–4 470 kg ha~(-1). Currently recommended application rates of N, P and K fertilizers increased rapeseed yield at different levels of soil indigenous nutrient supply(INS) in this region. Boundary values of plant nutrient uptake were established to analyze the nutrient uptake-yield relationship of winter oilseed rape(internal nutrient efficiency), i.e., 128 kg N ha~(-1), 24 kg P ha~(-1), and 122 kg K ha~(-1). The internal nutrient efficiency declined by 48.2%–64.1% when nutrient uptake exceeded the boundary value, resulting in excessive nutrient uptake(i.e., low yield response with high nutrient uptake), especially for K. In the intensive cropping system, agronomic efficiencies of N, P, and K were 5.9, 3.4, and3.6 kg kg~(-1), and recovery efficiencies of N, P, and K were 35.6%, 24.1%, and 36.8%, respectively. These findings showed that the fertilization rate should be optimized by considering INS, nutrient status, and nutrient efficiency of winter oilseed rape. In this study,considering the lower yield improvement to high K uptake levels and low K fertilizer efficiency, application rate of K fertilizer should be reduced since soil K deficiency has already been mitigated.  相似文献   

5.
15－day old seedlings of wheat and rape were grown in a series of solutions with different concentrations of KNO3 for a definite period of time.The changes in NO3^- concentration of the solutions were determined by the double ion-selective electrode method,and then the amount of NO3^- taken up by the plants was estimated and values of Km and Imax of the Michealis-Mentan equation were calculated.Results show that both the method and conditions of determination affected the values of Km and Imax.For example,the Km value was appreciably reduced when the volume of culture solution was increased or when the duration of nutrient uptake was shortened;the Km value obtained with short-term depletion method was higher than that obtained with long-term one.Similar Variations were found for the values of Imax.There was a considerable difference in the characteristics of uptake kinetics between wheat and rape when determined under the same conditions of determination.The isotherm of NO3^- uptake by wheat could be separated into saturated and unsaturated parts,and when the concentration of NO3^- exceeded 180μM,the relationship between the rate of NO3^- uptake and NO3^- concentration tended to be linear.However,the isotherm of NO3^- uptake by rape was found to fit the Michealis-Menten equation and no linear relationship could be found.  相似文献   

6.
黑土区大豆基因型的根际细菌群落结构时空动态变化   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The dynamics of rhizosphere microbial communities is important for plant health and productivity, and can be influenced by soil type, plant species or genotype, and plant growth stage. A pot experiment was carried out to examine the dynamics of microbial communities in the rhizosphere of two soybean genotypes grown in a black soil in Northeast China with a long history of soybean cultivation. The two soybean genotypes, Beifeng 11 and Hai 9731, differing in productivity were grown in a mixture of black soil and siliceous sand. The bacterial communities were compared at three zone locations including rhizoplane, rhizosphere, and bulk soil at the third node (V3), early flowering (R1), and early pod (R3) stages using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) of 16S rDNA. The results of principal component analyses (PCA) showed that the bacterial community structure changed with growth stage. Spatially, the bacterial communities in the rhizoplane and rhizosphere were significantly different from those in the bulk soil. Nevertheless, the bacterial communities in the rhizoplane were distinct from those in the rhizosphere at the V3 stage, while no obvious differences were found at the R1 and R3 stages. For the two genotypes, the bacterial community structure was similar at the V3 stage, but differed at the R1 and R3 stages. In other words, some bacterial populations became dominant and some others recessive at the two later stages, which contributed to the variation of the bacterial community between the two genotypes. These results suggest that soybean plants can modify the rhizosphere bacterial communities in the black soil, and there existed genotype-specific bacterial populations in the rhizosphere, which may be related to soybean productivity.  相似文献   

7.
两个小麦品种对根际土壤中磷的吸收   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Inorganic soil phosphorus extractable with sodium bicarbonate(NaHCO3-Pi),soil pH and root hairs length and density in the rhizosphere of two winter wheat cultivars (Tritium aestivum L.cv.Shichum,Sleipner)grown on a high pH Chinese silt loam(52.7 mg NaHCO3-Pikg^-1) and a Danish sandy loam(43.4mg NaHCO3-Pi kg^-1)wer studied to assess how these wheat cultivars differed in phosphorus uptake.The rhizosphere soil pH of two wheat cultivars grown on the two soils were fairly unchanged with increasing distrance from the roo surface.However the root hairs of Shichun were 2.1 times longer than those of Sleipner,Root surface area(RSA) of Shichun increased by 192% due to root hairs whereas root hairs of Sleipner increased RSA by 68% only.Hence the root system of Shichun was in contact with more soil than that of Sleipner,even though Sleipner had a longer root,Grown at the lower pH and level of NaHCO3-Pi in the Danish soil Shichun absorbed more inorganic phosphorus than Sleipner whereas at the higher pH and level of NaHCO3-Pi in the Chinese soil there was no phosphorus uptake difference between the two wheat culivars.  相似文献   

8.
To assess the effect of rice straw mulching on changes of antagonistic bacteria and the incidence of wheat sharp eyespot, a multi-year field study was performed to compare unmulched plots and the plots mulched with rice straw for two or three years. Bacterial and fungal populations were evaluated in the cultures prepared from the wheat rhizosphere and bulk soils. Rice straw mulching increased the number of pseudomonas colony forming units in wheat rhizosphere and bulk soils. The proportion of total bacteria that were fluorescent pseudomonads was higher in mulched than in unmulched soil. Bacterial isolates antagonistic to Rhizoctonia cerealis were identified using an inhibition zone test. A series of these isolates were typed by partial sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Pseudomonads had higher antagonistic activity against R. cerealis than other species, and more than 80% of rhizosphere fluorescent pseudomonads were antagonistic to R. cerealis. The disease indices were lower in the mulched plots than in the unmulched control. These results suggest that rice straw mulching in a rice-wheat rotation increases the number of fluorescent pseudomonads. Additionally, these fluorescent pseudomonads may contribute to the control of wheat sharp eyespot.  相似文献   

9.
Corn and wheat plants were grown in a nutrient culture solution at four levels of phosphorus (0,0.12,0.60 and 3.0mmol L^-1) and two levels of cadmium(0 and 4.0umol L^-1) in greenhouse for a 18-day period.The concentrations of phosphorus and cadmium in cell wall,cytoplasm and vacuoles of roots and leaves were examined by cell fractionation techniques.With increasing phosphorus in medium,the contents of P in cell wall,cytoplasm and vacuoles of corn and wheat roots and leaves increased.The highest content of P was observed in cell wall,next in vacuoles,and the lowest in cytoplasm.The wheat subcellular fractions in both roots and leaves hab higher concentrations of phosphorus than those of corn.Increasing phosphorus in medium significantly inhibited the intracellular Cd accumulation in both species,However,at P concentration up to 3.0mmol L^-1,the Cd content in cell wall was increased.Increasing phosphorus resulted in reduction of the subcellular Cd content in cell wall was increased.Increasing phosphorus resulted in reduction of the subcellualr Cd content in corn and wheat leaves.Compared with corn,the wheat roots had a higher Cd content in the cell wall and vacuoles and a lower in cytoplasm,while in leaf subcellular fractions the wheat cell had a higher Cd content in its vacuoles and a lower one in its cytoplasm,The results indicate that phosphorus may be involved in sequestration of Cd ionic activity in both cell wall and vaculoes by forming insoluble Cd phosphate.  相似文献   

10.
Nutrient-poor, sandy soils form the prevailing substrate at post-mining sites of the Lusatian region(Brandenburg, Germany) and present a challenge for vegetation development. We studied the organic acid quantity and composition of three commonly occurring pioneer plant species, the legumes Lotus corniculatus L. and Trifolium arvense L. and the grass Calamagrostis epigeios(L.) Roth, to determine if plant growth and exudation differed with(non-sterilized soil) and without(sterilized soil) an indigenous soil microbial community. We investigated whether organic acids were found in the rhizosphere and surrounding soil and whether this influenced nutrient mobilization. This study consists of linked field investigations and a greenhouse experiment. Plants were grown in the greenhouse in either sterilized or non-sterilized sandy soil from a reclamation site in the Lusatian mining landscape(Welzow Su¨d, East Germany). After seven months, the plant biomass, root morphology, organic acids, and water-soluble nutrients and root colonization with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF) and dark septate endophytes(DSE) were analyzed. Roots of all three plants in the field and greenhouse experiments were highly colonized with AMF. Calamagrostis epigeios and T. arvense had a significantly higher colonization frequency with DSE than L. corniculatus. The quantity and composition of organic acids strongly differed among plant species, with the highest number of organic acids found for L. corniculatus and lowest for C. epigeios. The quantity of organic acids was greatly reduced in all plants under sterilized soil conditions. However, the composition of organic acids and plant growth in sterilized soil were reduced for both legumes, but not for C. epigeios, which had a higher biomass under sterilized conditions. Changes in nutrient concentrations in the field rhizosphere soil relative to those in the control were measurable after seven months. While the spectrum of organic acids and the growth of legumes seemed to be dependent on a highly diverse soil microbial community and a symbiotic partner, the grass C. epigeios appeared capable of mobilizing enough nutrients without an indigenous microbial community, and might be more competitive on sites where soil microbial diversity and activity are low.  相似文献   

11.
ABSTRACT

The role of rhizosphere processes in cadmium (Cd) uptake by plants and mechanisms of Cd tolerance is unexplored and a matter of debate. Pot experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions to investigate rhizosphere Cd speciation and mechanisms of Cd tolerance in different oilseed rape (Brassica juncea L. and Brassica napus L.) species using a sequential extraction technique. A Cd-tolerant oilseed rape, Xikou Huazi, a non-tolerant oilseed rape, Zhongyou 821, and an Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) were used in the study. The results showed that three predominant forms of Cd in the plants were NaCl-extractable Cd, acetic acid-extractable Cd, and water-extractable Cd. The concentration of water-extractable Cd in Xikou Huazi was significantly lower than in Zhongyou 821. A significant depletion of exchangeable Cd was observed in the rhizosphere soil of oilseed rapes Xikou Huazi and Zhongyou 821, as well as Indian mustard. At 60 mg kg?1 of soil Cd concentration, the concentrations of carbonate-bound and organically bound Cd in the rhizosphere soil of Xikou Huazi were significantly higher than in the non-rhizosphere soil. The concentrations of these two Cd speciations were higher in the rhizosphere soil of Xikou Huazi than in the rhizosphere soil of Zhongyou 821. However, for Zhongyou 821, there were no significant differences in the concentrations of these two Cd speciations between the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere at 30 and 60 mg kg?1 of soil Cd concentrations. A significant difference existed in rhizosphere Cd speciations and Cd forms in the plants between Cd-tolerant oilseed rape and non-tolerant oilseed rape. This difference was the main reason that Cd-tolerant oilseed rapes take up and accumulate Cd.  相似文献   

12.
Differences of nitrogen efficiency of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars and their physiological properties were studied in a pot experiment, and the ratio of seed yield with no nitrogen supplied to that with normal nitrogen supply was adopted as a nitrogen efficiency coefficient. Results showed that the nitrogen efficiency coefficient determined for eight oilseed rape cultivars varied from 0.37 to 0.69, the ratio of nitrogen uptake amounts per plant, nitrogen transfer velocity from stems and leaves to seeds, and nitrogen physiological efficiency of oilseed rape cultivars under nitrogen stressed condition differed from with normal nitrogen supply. The higher the nitrogen efficiency of a cultivar, the higher the ratio of N uptake in no nitrogen to with N supplied. Under low nitrogen-supplying conditions, high nitrogen efficiency cultivars had longer roots, more lateral roots, higher amounts of reuse of nitrate from stem and leaves, and higher nitrate reductase activities in leaves.  相似文献   

13.
不同品种油菜氮效率差异及其成因分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
采用盆栽试验，以氮胁迫与正常供氮条件下籽粒产量的比值作为氮效率系数，探讨了不同品种油菜氮效率差异及其生理基础。结果表明，所测定的8个油菜品种氮效率系数的变化范围是0．37～0．69；氮胁迫与正常供氮条件下不同油菜品种植株氮素累积吸收量、生长后期茎叶氮素转运率及氮素生理效率的比值不同，氮效率高的品种，其比值高，反之亦然;在氮素供应水平低的情况下，氮效率高的品种具有较长的根长、较多的侧根、较高的茎叶硝态氮再利用量和叶片硝酸还原酶活性。  相似文献   

14.
The interaction effect of applied zinc (Zn) and boron (B) on early vegetative growth and uptake of Zn and B by two oilseed rape (canola) (Brassica napus L.) genotypes was investigated in a sand culture experiment under controlled environmental conditions. Two genotypes (Yickadee and Dunkeld) were grown at three Zn levels (0.05, 0.25, and 2.0 mg kg‐1 soil) and two B levels (0.05 mg kg‐1 soil and 0.5 mg kg‐1 soil). Dunkeld produced significantly higher shoot and root dry matter than Yickadee at low Zn and low B supply indicating the superiority of Dunkeld over Yickadee for tolerance to both low Zn and low B supply. Chlorophyll content of fresh leaf tissue was increased significantly by an increase in Zn and B supply. Zinc deficiency enhanced B concentration in younger and older leaves. Boron concentration was higher in older leaves than in the younger leaves irrespective of B deficiency and sufficiency indicating immobility of B in two oilseed rape genotypes tested. Zinc concentration was higher in younger leaves than in the older leaves indicating mobility of Zn. An increased supply of Zn enhanced B uptake under high boron supply only. Zinc uptake in Dunkeld was enhanced significantly with an increased rate of B supply under high Zn supply, while the effect was not significant in Yickadee. Dunkeld proved to be more efficient in Zn and B uptake than Yickadee.  相似文献   

15.
Plant genotypes differ in their capacity to grow in soils with low manganese (Mn) availability. The physiological mechanisms underlying differential tolerance to Mn deficiency are poorly understood. To study the relationship between Mn content in soil, plant genotypes, and rhizosphere microorganisms in differential Mn efficiency, two wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, RAC891 (tolerant to Mn deficiency) and Yanac (sensitive), were grown in a Mn‐deficient soil to which 5, 10, 20 or 40 mg Mn kg–1 were added. The shoot dry matter of both cultivars increased with increasing Mn addition to the soil. At all soil Mn fertilizer levels, the tolerant RAC891 had a greater shoot dry matter and a higher total shoot Mn uptake than the sensitive Yanac. The concentration of DTPA‐extractable Mn in the rhizosphere soil of RAC891 at Mn20 and Mn40 was slightly lower than in the rhizosphere of Yanac. The population density of culturable microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil was low (log 6.8–6.9 cfu (g soil)–1) in both cultivars and neither Mn oxidation nor reduction were observed in vitro. To assess the non‐culturable fraction of the soil microbial community, the ribosomal intergenetic spacer region of the bacterial DNA in the rhizosphere soil was amplified (RISA) and separated in agarose gels. The RISA banding patterns of the bacterial rhizosphere communities changed markedly with increasing soil Mn level, but there were no differences between the wheat cultivars. The bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere was significantly correlated with the concentration of DPTA‐extractable Mn in the rhizosphere, fertilizer Mn level, shoot dry matter, and total shoot Mn uptake. The results obtained by RISA indicate that differential tolerance to Mn deficiency in wheat may not be related to changes in the composition of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere.  相似文献   

16.
ABSTRACT

Plant species and genotypes within one species may significantly differ in phosphorus (P) uptake and utilization when they suffer from P starvation. The objective of this research was to screen P-efficient germplasm of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) and analyze the possible mechanism responsible for P efficiency by two-steps screening experiments and validation of P efficiency. Phosphorus efficiency coefficient at seedling stage, namely, ratio of shoot dry weight under low P to that under adequate P (PECS) of 194 oilseed rape cultivars varied from 0.050 to 0.62 and was significantly related with shoot dry weight under low P level (r = 0.859??, P < 0.01). Oilseed rape cultivar ‘Eyou Changjia’ presented the highest P efficiency coefficient in each growth stage and had the highest seed yield at low P, whereas oilseed rape cultivar ‘B104-2’ was the most sensitive to low P stress among the 12 candidate cultivars obtained from the two-steps screening experiments. Under low P condition in validation experiments of soil and solution cultures, ‘Eyou Changjia’ could produce much more dry matter and acquire more P than ‘B104-2.’ Moreover, P efficient coefficient obtained from the pot experiment was comparable to those from the field experiment. This might be attributed to high P uptake efficiency for ‘Eyou Changjia’ when it suffered from low-P stress. Comparison of results from the hydroponics with those from the pot and field experiments led to the conclusion that the P uptake efficiency in the hydroponics is highly related to that in soil culture conditions. These results show that there are large genotypic differences in response to phosphorus deficiency in oilseed rape germplasm (Brassica napus L.) and ‘Eyou Changjia’ is P-efficient and ‘B104-2’ is P-inefficient. By comparing these results further, the mechanism responsible for P efficiency was suggested to be mainly due to high P uptake efficiency by forming larger root system, and improving the ability of mobilizing and acquiring soil P in P-efficient oilseed rape under the condition of P starvation.  相似文献   

17.
《核农学报》2009,23(4):676-680
丙酯草醚(ZJ0273)是我国创制的一种新型高效油菜田除草剂。本文以[C环-U-14C]丙酯草醚为示踪剂,在实验室条件下,对丙酯草醚在敏感性植物水稻和耐性植物油菜中的吸收、运转及分布规律进行了研究。结果表明：（1）施药后,水稻和油菜对丙酯草醚的吸收量总体呈随时间增加而增加的趋势,且前者大于后者。至384 h,水稻对丙酯草醚的吸收量为24.1%,而油菜仅为4.1%,水稻约为油菜的5.88倍。（2）丙酯草醚被油菜和水稻根系吸收后,均主要分布在根部,不易向上运转。水稻根系与地上部（茎叶）的放射性分布比为7.10︰1,油菜则为4.44︰1;水稻和油菜根系中单位质量放射性活度分别是各自地上部的10.36和9.85倍。（3）水稻根系和茎叶单位质量放射性活度(分别为9.470 Bq/mg和0.910 Bq/mg)显著高于油菜(3.870 Bq/mg和0.390 Bq/mg)。水稻与油菜对丙酯草醚吸收量以及单位质量中积累量的差异可能是丙酯草醚对两者存在选择性的原因之一。  相似文献   

18.
The effect of plant growth on the mineralization of organic matter and distribution of soil S fractions (plant available SO42—, adsorbed SO42—, carbon‐bonded S, ester‐bonded S, and residual‐S) in the rhizosphere was studied in a greenhouse experiment using a rhizobag technique. In this study wheat, oilseed rape and radish were grown on two soils, a Haplic Acrisol and a Hortic Anthrosol. Significant differences between S fractions in the rhizosphere and non‐rhizosphere were determined in dependence on soil type and crop species. In all cropped treatments lower amounts of ester‐bonded S and higher levels of residual‐S were found in the rhizosphere than in the non‐rhizosphere, while the amount of carbon‐bonded S fractions was similar. These results indicate firstly, that the arylsulfatase activity was higher in the rhizosphere than in the non‐rhizosphere and secondly, that mass flow of SO42—‐S to the rhizosphere increased after mineralization of residual‐S. Compared to the non‐vegetated soil, the ester‐bonded S fraction of wheat and oilseed rape decreased in the rhizosphere revealing that the mineralization of organic S in the rhizosphere is related to the crop type.  相似文献   

19.
种植方式和施氮量对冬油菜产量与水氮利用效率的影响   总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2  
为确定中国西北地区冬油菜适宜的种植方式及其施氮量,该文通过3 a田间试验,在垄沟集雨(ridge film mulching and furrow planting,RFMF)和传统平作(flat planting,FP)2种种植方式下设置6个施氮量:0、60、120、180、240和300 kg/hm~2(以N计,下同),分别记为N0、N60、N120、N180、N240和N300,研究不同种植方式和施氮量对冬油菜产量和水氮利用效率的影响。结果表明,与FP相比,RFMF能显著提高冬油菜收获时的地上部干物质量(aboveground dry matter,ADM)、氮素累积吸收量、籽粒产量、水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)和氮肥偏生产力(nitrogen partial factor productivity,NPFP),并显著降低其耗水量(evapotranspiration,ET)。相同ET下,RFMF方式下冬油菜的籽粒产量和WUE均高于FP。RFMF方式下,在0~240 kg/hm~2施氮范围内,冬油菜的ADM、氮素累积吸收量、籽粒产量和WUE均随施氮量的增加而显著增加,超过240 kg/hm~2,ADM和氮素累积吸收量不再显著变化,而ET显著增加,籽粒产量和WUE显著降低。2种种植方式下,冬油菜的氮肥农学利用率(nitrogen agronomic efficiency,NAE)、生理利用率(nitrogen physiological efficiency,NPE)和吸收利用率(nitrogen recovery efficiency,NRE)均随施氮量的增加,先增后降,且基本在N180处理最大;冬油菜的NPFP随施氮量的增加而降低。RFMF方式下,N240处理冬油菜的NAE、NPE、NRE和NPFP与N180处理无显著差异;且N240处理冬油菜的籽粒产量和净效益最高,3a平均为3 002 kg/hm~2和9 538元/hm~2;FP方式下,N180处理冬油菜的籽粒产量和净效益最高,3 a平均为2 291 kg/hm~2和7 498元/hm~2;2种种植方式的最高产量和净效益相比,RFMF可分别提高31.0%和27.2%。综上,在西北地区RFMF可应用于冬油菜的栽培,且适宜施氮量为240 kg/hm~2。  相似文献   

20.
夏越  沈仁芳  马建锋  车景 《土壤》2023,55(6):1207-1215
锰是植物生长发育所必需的微量营养元素，缺锰会导致植株矮小，叶片黄化，发育不良等，严重时可致植株死亡。水稻和小麦是我国主要的粮食作物，但种植在有效锰含量不同的土壤中；水稻主要种植在锰有效性高的南方酸性土壤中，小麦主要种植在有效锰含量低的北方石灰性土壤中。为探究水稻和小麦响应缺锰的差异及其机理，本研究采用水培法比较了水稻和小麦苗期在缺锰和加锰处理条件下的生长情况以及植株各部位元素含量和分配情况，并采用绝对定量法比较了小麦和水稻中锰转运基因的表达水平。研究结果表明，与供锰充足的植株相比，缺锰三周严重抑制水稻的生长，而不影响小麦的生长；在缺锰条件下，小麦根到地上部的转运率比供锰充足时提高了16.4%；相反，水稻体内锰从根到地上部的转运率降低了7.5%；苗期小麦根中TaNRAMP2的绝对表达量是水稻OsNRAMP2的3.8-5.1倍。这些结果表明，小麦比水稻更耐缺锰胁迫，这可能与NRAMP2在小麦中的高表达有关。  相似文献   

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