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褐沙蒿(Artemisia intramongolica)是分布于我国典型草原带沙地中的优势灌木,由于长期生长在草原区沙地高温、干旱的环境中,形成了一系列与环境相适应的生物学特性.设计不同温度,不同于湿度处理,对褐沙蒿种子的萌发特性进行了研究.结果表明,褐沙蒿种子萌发的适宜温度是15 ℃和25 ℃,10℃和30 ℃时,种子萌发率比较低,萌发在35 ℃时受到抑制.在不同温度下对种子进行抗热抗旱的预浸-回干实验表明,在种子适宜萌发的温度范围内,预浸-回干处理不能提高种子的发芽率,而在种子萌发受抑制的温度条件下,预浸一回干处理可以显著提高种子的发芽率. 相似文献
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低温对番茄种子萌发的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在人工气候箱中模拟了3个低温处理(24h最低~最高温度分别设定为7~12℃、5~10℃和3~8℃),分析了播种后不同天数低温对番茄种子(品种:红贞女)萌发的影响。结果表明:与对照(18~25℃)相比,日均温低于10.0℃(相当于低温胁迫处理7~12℃)时,番茄种子萌发开始受影响,温度越低影响越大。播种后越早经受低温番茄种子萌发受影响越大,播种后3d内经受低温胁迫,番茄种子发芽势、发芽指数和萌发率均有较大的下降,播种6d后低温胁迫对其萌发指标的影响较小。低温导致了番茄种子α-淀粉酶活力下降,相对离子渗漏率增加。低温影响了番茄种子萌发贮存物质的降解与转化,增加了细胞膜的透性,导致外渗物增多,从而降低了种子的发芽势、发芽指数和萌发率。因此,露地育苗时应避免在萌发的早期受低温影响,以提高番茄的出苗和壮苗率。 相似文献
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《中国农业气象》2020,(8)
为减轻低温胁迫对棉花种子萌发能力的影响,探索萎锈灵包衣提高棉种萌发期耐低温能力的功效。以对温度敏感的"新陆早50"棉种为实验材料,设置25℃、18℃、15℃和12℃共4个温度处理,将萎锈灵按照不同含量制成悬浮种衣剂即0(种衣剂中仅含惰性成分)、4.2%、5.7%、7.2%、8.7%和10.2%共6个梯度对棉种进行包衣处理,以光籽不包衣处理为对照,采用砂培法,观测各处理条件下的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数以及活力指数等种子萌发活性指标和干物质质量、种子干物质转化效率以及呼吸消耗量等干物质转移指标,计算低温胁迫与正常温度下相比的抗逆系数,比较不同含量萎锈灵包衣对低温胁迫下棉花种子萌发的影响。结果表明:在不包衣的情况下,正常温度下(25℃时)棉种的萌发指标最高,发芽率可达80.5%,随着温度降低棉种萌发指标均呈下降趋势,说明低温胁迫严重影响棉种的萌发;而在萎锈灵包衣的情况下,正常温度下(25℃时)棉种的萌发指标最高,发芽率可达96.0%,随着温度降低各处理棉种萌发指标均呈缓慢下降趋势,说明萎锈灵能够明显缓解低温胁迫对种子萌发的伤害。在相同温度条件下,随着种衣剂中萎锈灵含量的增加,除种子的呼吸消耗量呈先下降后上升的趋势外,种子发芽率等萌发指标以及鲜重、干物质质量、干物质转化效率指标均呈先上升后下降的趋势;萎锈灵处理较不含萎锈灵处理能使棉种萌发进程提早2～4d;低温胁迫下不含萎锈灵处理的种子活力低,棉花幼苗生长也受到抑制,幼苗鲜重显著减少,导致幼苗干物质积累也显著减少;未包衣和不含萎锈灵处理的种子平均抗逆系数仅分别为0.68和0.70,而含萎锈灵包衣的种子平均抗逆系数为0.73～0.91。研究表明萎锈灵能增强棉花种子活力,进而提早萌发进程,提高发芽率,促进幼苗生长,从而增强棉花萌发期的耐低温能力。 相似文献
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为确定甘草种子萌发和幼苗生长的最佳温度和光照条件,利用生化培养箱研究了不同温度和光照条件对浓硫酸预处理、清水预处理的野生乌拉尔甘草种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:（1）浓硫酸预处理能够显著提高甘草种子发芽率,且发芽更整齐;（2）甘草种子从10~40℃都可以发芽,但过低或过高的温度会延缓甘草种子的发芽进程且抑制幼苗生长,乌拉尔甘草出芽和幼苗生长最适宜的温度是20~30℃;（3）清水预处理的种子适宜在光照10 h/d条件下萌发,浓硫酸预处理能够降低甘草种子萌发对光的依赖性,全黑暗条件能够促进甘草幼苗胚根和胚轴的生长。野生乌拉尔甘草种子适宜在20~30℃、光照10 h/d条件下萌发,20℃最适宜甘草幼苗胚根生长,30℃最适宜胚轴生长 相似文献
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春旱和低温是影响东北作物生长的气候问题之一。以禾本科作物玉米和小麦为对象,模拟低温和干旱的单一及复合胁迫对其萌发和早期幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,低温和干旱,单一和复合胁迫均显著影响着小麦和玉米种子的萌发及早期幼苗生长。小麦幼苗在15℃~25℃和0~20%的PEG水平下,保持较高的萌发率(63.3%~87.3%),而在10℃和30%PEG浓度下显著下降,10℃和不同PEG浓度下以及30%PEG和不同温度处理下的萌发率区间分别为0~64.7%和0~18%。玉米种子在15℃~25℃和0~20%的PEG水平下,萌发率变化区间为2.22%~100%,在10℃和不同PEG浓度下以及30%的PEG处理在不同温度下的玉米种子萌发率均为0。小麦早期幼苗的长度和生物量变化趋势相似,随着干旱强度增加和温度的降低,先增加后降低,在10%的PEG水平和20℃的气温条件下,其幼苗长度和生物量值最高。玉米幼苗的长度和干重与其萌发率变化趋势一致,显著线性下降,最高值出现在0%的PEG水平和25℃的气温条件下。小麦幼苗的根冠比高于玉米。推测在较强的低温和干旱胁迫下,小麦比玉米具有更高的萌发和生长适应性。生物量向根部分布以及高根冠比值是小麦对干旱低温的适应性策略。 相似文献
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为缓解低温胁迫对黄瓜(Cucumis sativus L.)幼苗的伤害,以黄瓜中农106为试验材料,研究不同浓度复硝酚钠(CSN)浸种对低温胁迫下黄瓜种子萌发及萌发后生长的影响,以及CSN灌根处理对黄瓜幼苗壮苗效果及幼苗耐寒性的影响。结果表明,适宜浓度的CSN浸种能显著提高低温胁迫下黄瓜种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、侧根数和鲜重,以50 mg·L-1浓度效果最佳。在黄瓜育苗过程中,100 mg·L-1的CSN灌根处理能显著提高穴盘苗质量和壮苗指数,低温胁迫下CSN通过促进矿质元素吸收,提高幼苗叶绿素含量、净光合速率、根系活力、可溶性蛋白含量和抗氧化酶活性,提高生长素(IAA)和油菜素内酯(BR)含量,降低活性氧和丙二醛(MDA)含量以提高幼苗的耐寒性。本研究为培育黄瓜壮苗和提高黄瓜幼苗耐寒性提供了新方法,也为复硝酚钠在设施蔬菜上的应用提供了技术支持。 相似文献
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Under semiarid environments where surface runoff takes place, the role of water erosion in the removal of seeds and then in the plant establishment and distribution is unknown. Within the scientific literature, data about the size and shape of seeds exist, but little information can be found about the susceptibility of seeds to be removed by water erosion processes. These data are important not only from an eco-geomorphological point of view, but also for afforestation strategies in order to improve the selection of species to develop the recovery of vegetation on degraded environments. Eighty-three seed species were selected from Southeastern Spain. Variables related to size, such as weight (M), length (L), width (W) and height (H) of these seeds, were measured. From this information, other variables such as the surface (S), volume (V), density (D) and the ratio S/M were calculated. Seed shape was characterised by the Flatness Index (F.I.=L+W/2H) and the Eccentricity Index (E.I.=L/W). Laboratory rainfall simulation experiments at 55 mm h−1 during 25 min on 26×26 cm plots with slope angle equal to 11° were performed with five lots of 50 seeds of each species. Results demonstrated that size is the main factor explaining seed removal, whereas the shape becomes important only when the seeds are larger than 50 mg. Seeds for vegetation recovery planning should have a mass between 10 and 50 mg to avoid removal by water erosion. 相似文献
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Pondberry (Lindera melissifolia [Walt.] Blume: Lauraceae) is an endangered, dioecious, clonal shrub that grows in bottomland hardwood forests in the southeastern United States. Prior work has emphasized vegetative reproduction associated with the clonal nature of this species. Little has been published about the early morphological and biochemical characteristics of the fruit as they mature. Fruits, drupes originating from the axillary buds, were collected every 30 days after anthesis and examined for seed structure development and fatty acid composition of the fruit and seed. Sixty days after anthesis, fruits had not formed an organized embryo/cotyledon, weighed 0.1 ± 0.001 g, and measured 7.1 ± 0.04 mm × 4.3 ± 0.03 mm. Ninety days after anthesis, a complete seed had formed within the drupe. Of the total drupe weight (average 0.23 ± 0.01 g), the seed comprised 33% of the mass gained from 60 days after anthesis. Overall composition of the seed and pulp lipids changed significantly over the course of development. Myristic, palmitic, steric, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic fatty acids were revealed by the lipid analyses. Lauric acid was not found in any of the early seed lipid samples but it increased in quantity as seed matured to become the dominant fatty acid in this tissue. Conversely, pulp contained only small amounts of lauric acid; its fatty acid profile was dominated by oleic acid. Fully hydrated seeds stored well for 16 months at both 4 °C and −2 °C. Although drying had a deleterious effect on germination when dried seeds were conventionally stored at 4 °C, seeds that had been dried for 24 h to a moisture content of 8.6% were successfully stored in liquid nitrogen. 相似文献
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以抗旱性不同的水稻品种旱116和湘早籼32号为材料,分别用0.25mmol·L-1的亚精胺(Spd)和水引发处理36 h后,在浓度为0、5%、10%、15%、20%和25%的PEG6000溶液中进行发芽试验,并测定幼苗生理生化指标。结果表明,Spd和水引发处理可显著提高水稻种子在水分胁迫条件下的活力,促进幼苗生长,显著提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及脯氨酸(Pro)和Spd的含量,明显降低丙二醛(MDA)含量。表明Spd和水引发处理对提高水分胁迫下水稻种子活力及增强幼苗抗旱性具有重要作用。试验还表明,引发处理对抗旱性较强的水稻品种旱116的引发效果好于抗旱性较弱的湘早籼32号,Spd的引发效果好于水。 相似文献
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制种玉米种子乳线发育的水氮效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
乳线是判定玉米成熟度的重要指标之一,为明确灌水和施氮对制种玉米种子乳线发育的影响,以‘郑单958’和‘先玉335’制种玉米为研究对象,设置充分灌溉(6 000 m3·hm?2,W6000)、中度胁迫(4 500 m3·hm?2,W4500)、重度胁迫(3 000 m3·hm?2,W3000)3个灌水梯度,不施氮[0 kg(N)·hm?2,N0]、中氮[225 kg(N)·hm?2,N225]、高氮[450 kg(N)·hm?2,N450]3个施氮水平,研究不同水氮应用对制种玉米种子乳线发育进程、籽粒含水量、百粒重、籽粒脱水和灌浆速率的影响。结果表明,不同制种组合在不同水氮条件下种子乳线发育表现出明显差异;不同水氮条件下‘郑单958’乳线发育进程历时18~24 d,较‘先玉335’的33~36 d短;随灌水量增加,‘郑单958’种子乳线发育有延迟趋势,而‘先玉335’种子乳线受灌水量影响不显著;在乳线同一发育阶段,灌水和施氮均对籽粒含水量无显著影响,百粒重均表现为施氮处理显著高于不施氮;不同灌水处理间,‘郑单958’种子在重度胁迫条件下的脱水速率显著高于中度胁迫和充分灌溉,施氮量间无显著差异,‘先玉335’种子脱水速率各灌水量间无显著差异;‘郑单958’种子的灌浆速率各灌水处理间无显著差异,充分灌水条件下,不施氮处理灌浆速率显著高于施氮处理,而‘先玉335’灌浆速率随灌水量增加而增加,同一灌水条件下均是中氮处理高于不施氮和高氮处理;‘郑单958’种子每脱水1%,籽粒百粒重增加幅度在0.37~0.88 g,而‘先玉335’在0.43~1.34 g。因此,‘郑单958’种子乳线发育受灌水影响显著,水分亏缺致使种子脱水加速,乳线进程加快;‘先玉335’种子乳线发育受氮素影响显著,氮素不足和过量均影响种子灌浆,延迟乳线发育。 相似文献
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Ischnocarpus exilis, a critically endangered cress, persists in one small population in a 1m2 section of a limestone tower in the South Island, New Zealand. The importance of intrinsic (seed production, dispersal ability and habitat specificity) and extrinsic factors (weed competition) acting to restrict the distribution of this threatened species were investigated with a field experiment, demographic monitoring and soil seed bank analysis. I. exilis is not confined to its present site because of high habitat specificity, but rather is limited by low seed production and limited dispersal as well as by competition with invasive weeds. Conservation management of this critically endangered species should focus on controlling weeds and on establishing new populations in suitable weed-free habitat. 相似文献
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研究生态条件和采种期对党参种子产量及其构成因素的影响,可以确定党参种子生产适宜生态区域和采种期。我们以海拔为主区、采收期为副区采取裂区试验设计研究了不同海拔和采种期对党参种子产量及其构成因素的影响。结果表明,当海拔为1 920～2 200 m时党参采种量较高,当海拔2 200 m以上则不利于党参结种;低海拔区域1 922～2 000 m的果实成熟度高,成熟度受采集地生态条件影响明显。党参单株果实数、单株产种量随海拔升高呈增加趋势,当海拔达到2 000 m时党参单株果实数最多,为62.77个;单株产种量最高,为2.25 g。当海拔达到2 000 m、采种期为10月15日时,党参产种量最高,为481 kg/hm2。在高海拔下采种期可以适当提前至10月5日。因此,党参种子生产适宜的海拔区域为2 000～2 200 m范围的生态区,在此海拔下10月中旬是适宜的采种期。 相似文献
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Overland flow and sediment transport can carry away seeds at the soil surface and in the soil, cause a secondary seed dispersal event, lead to seed redistribution, and influence the spatial distribution of seedling renewal, which plays an important role in vegetation restoration and succession. The objectives of this study were to investigate the process of seed loss on loess slopes and its relationship to the yield of runoff and sediment, the effects of rainfall intensity, slope gradient and seed morphology on seed removal. 相似文献
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Terrestrial orchids typically produce numerous small seeds that contain very small nutrient reserves. The seeds are structurally adapted for wind dispersal but little is known about their fate after dispersal. Some studies of seed viability in situ indicate survival for up to two years in temperate orchid species. Seeds stored in the laboratory may last much longer. We investigated seed viability of seven North American orchid species with seed packets buried in a range of soil and wood substrates within their natural habitats. In Goodyera pubescens most seeds germinated within one year. Four other species continued to germinate sparsely during the observation period, but after almost seven years many seeds were still viable. In one species, Liparis liliifolia, seeds that had been in situ for four years had germination rates as high as 68% when sown in vitro with a compatible fungus. The remaining two species did not germinate during the observation period but the seeds were judged to be intact and tested positively for viability after four years in the ground. These observations are interpreted as different species-specific strategies for in situ germination and their seed bank potential is discussed. 相似文献