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1.
《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(2-3):45-63
This study was conducted to compare the growth and mineral nutrient composition of Alnus hirsuta seedlings when treated with different aluminum concentrations and acidic nutrient solutions with and without Frankia inoculation and to examine microscopic changes in the roots treated with different aluminum levels with and without Frankia inoculation. When inoculated with Frankin, A. hirsura seedlings without A1 treatment showed the greatest growth rate in height; root length and fresh weight. The seedlings treated with Al grew better in height, root length and fresh weight in the presence of Frankia than those uninoculated with Frankia. As the concentration of Al treatments increased, the concentration of Al in both shoot and root increased regardless of Frankia inoculation. As the concentration of treated Al increased, the concentration of cations (Ca, Mg, K) in the tissue decreased. The root tissues treated with A1 showed the following microscopic characteristics as compared to those without Al treatment; presence of electron dense bodies in vacuoles, and between plasmalemma and cell wall, accumulation of phenolic materials in vacuoles, disrupted tonoplast, and increase in vacuolation. These alterations in root anatomy were observed at 50 mg/L Al treatment. The degree of alteration was more severe in the root tissues uninoculated with Frankia than those inoculated with Frankza. 相似文献
2.
《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(3):71-92
This study was conducted to examine the effect of simulated acidic precipitation and aluminum treatment on the growth of Alnus species and the contents of nitrogen fixed by Frankia. The growth and nitrogen contents of Alnus species inoculated with nitrogen-fixing organisms were greater than those of noninoculated Alnus species when treated with simulated acidic precipitation. The nitrogen contents were higher in the soils used for the growth of Alnus glurinosa inoculated with Frankia than in those without Frankia inoculation when treated with either acidic precipitation or aluminum. The-development of root hairs treated with simulated acidic precipitation was poor as lhe pH level decreased, and the injury of A. glurinosa was more severe than that of Alnus hirsuta under scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The growth and nitrogen contents of A. hirsura inoculated with Frankia were greater than those of non-inoculated species and A. glutinosa when treated with aluminum. The leaves of A. glutinosa became yellowish-brown and fell earlier. Under SEM and light microscopy, the surface layer of roots in both Alnus species was injured severely and the number of root hairs decreased as aluminum levels increased. 相似文献
3.
采用蜡磨菌与ＶＡ 菌根真菌分别对蓝桉和尾叶桉进行单接种或混合接种,研究结果表明,两种菌根类型的真菌均能在桉树苗木根系上成功地定殖,分别合成了外生菌根、ＶＡ 菌根和混合菌根,证实了桉树不仅是菌根营养型树种,而且能形成多种菌根类型。ＶＡ 菌根感染率在接种初期较高,但随时间的推移有降低的趋势;而外生菌根菌初期合成菌根的速度较慢,但单位长度根段内菌根根尖数目有明显增加的趋势。与单接种ＶＡ菌根真菌苗木相比,外生菌根真菌抑制了ＶＡ 菌根菌在根系上的进一步侵染,体现在较低的ＶＡ 菌根感染率;而外生菌根菌显示出了较强的竞争能力,并能在接种后９ 周时开始形成子实体。在混合菌根中,外生菌根有逐步替代ＶＡ 菌根的发展趋势,两种类型的菌根真菌间存在一定的竞争性作用关系。基质磷（Ｐ）素水平对菌根的形成也有一定的影响 相似文献
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5.
Robert K. Dixon 《New Forests》1988,2(3):203-211
Seedlings of Juglans nigra from three seed sources were grown in fumigated soil without vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi or inoculated with Gigaspora margarita, Glomus deserticola or Glomus etunicatum. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal development varied significantly between fungal symbionts within a black walnut source. Glomus deserticola and G. etunicatum produced the highest levels of root colonization in all sources. Significant differences in seedling shoot and root growth were attributed to root colonization by specific VAM fungi in each black walnut source. Glomus deserticola stimulated seedling leaf area and root weight 26 and 52%, respectively, in one seed source. Seedling leaf N, P and K concentrations were significantly improved by VAM in two seed sources. Juglans nigra seedlings respond favorably to VAM colonization. However, differences between seed sources suggest a strong host-symbiont interaction. 相似文献
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7.
粗枝木麻黄接种弗兰克氏菌的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验结果表明：粗枝木麻黄接种弗兰克氏菌对提高其生长量效果显著。接种不同弗兰克氏菌菌株的粗枝木麻黄苗木的生物量。根瘤重量和数量及叶片Ｎ含量均表现出明显的差异，其中以８８０５２、８７０６６和８７２８７菌株接种效果最好。在接菌与施肥的试验中，接菌不施肥处理的苗木叶片Ｎ含量最高。 相似文献
8.
The influence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) symbiosis on the transport of cytokinins from the root to the shoot of Citrus jambhiri Lush. seedlings inoculated with cultures of Glomus etunicatum (Becker and Gerd.), G. fusciculatum (Thaxt.) Gerd. and Trappe, or G. mosseae (Nichol. and Gerd.) was investigated. Cytokinins collected from root exudates over a 90-day period were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry and a bioassay. The flux of cytokinins was independent of root exudate flux. Seedlings inoculated with G. fasciculatum or G. mosseae yielded a greater flux of zeatin, dihydrozeatin and zeatin riboside than non-inoculated seedlings. The flux of zeatin riboside was significantly greater than the flux of zeatin in seedlings inoculated with VAM symbionts. Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal relationships apparently contributed to, or influenced, the export of cytokinins from the root. The elevated cytokinin flux of inoculated seedlings was associated with improved tissue phosphorus nutrition and a significant increase in seedling biomass. 相似文献
9.
An investigation was carried out to screen and select efficient vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi for inoculating the forest tree species, Casuarina equisetifolia. The seedlings were inoculated with 10 different VAM fungi, obtained from various sources. Inoculated seedlings generally had greater plant height, stem girth, biomass and P content than uninoculated plants. They also had more mycorrhizal root colonization and spore numbers in root zone soil. C. equisetifolia seedlings responded best (in biomass) to inoculation with Glomus mosseae (Nicolson and Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe, closely followed by Acaulospora laevis Gerdemann and Trappe and G. fasciculatum (Thaxter Sensu Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe; all the three being statistically on par with each other. 相似文献
10.
接种苗木在生长量和生物量上均表现出极其显著的生长优势,ECM真菌蜡蘑菌单接种及其与4种VA菌根菌剂混合接种,对苗木生长的促进作用尤为显著。在接种后16周时,与对照苗相比,蓝桉和尾叶桉接种苗木的高生长量最大增幅分别为28.86%(LS)和86.65%(LG);两种桉树地上部分平均干质量最大增幅分别为129.93%(LS)和133.34%(L),地下部分分别为119.93%(LF)和174.83%(LG)。桉树对不同菌根菌及其组合的菌根依赖性表现出很大的差异,对混合接种的真菌组合有相对高的菌根依赖性,而对土壤菌剂依赖性很小。菌根感染与苗木生物量间有显著的相关性。试验结果还证实了P素对桉苗生长的促进作用,P素水平对菌根的接种效应有一定的影响。 相似文献
11.
丛枝菌根对喜树幼苗的生长效应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2005年2月精选喜树种子培养无菌根幼苗,生长90天以后分别接种3种丛枝菌根真菌,即蜜色无梗囊霉(Acaulospora mellea)、透光球囊霉(Glomus diaphanum)和弯丝硬囊霉(Sclerocystis sinuosa),探讨了菌根真菌对喜树幼苗株高、生物量以及氮、磷吸收的影响。结果表明,丛枝菌根的形成显著促进了菌根幼苗的高生长和生物量的积累,对喜树幼苗氮素营养的吸收影响不大,但却有利于喜树幼苗对磷素营养的吸收。从植株高度和生物量来看,菌根幼苗优于无菌根幼苗,蜜色无梗囊霉菌根幼苗尤为突出,分别达到无菌根幼苗(CK)的1.2和1.6倍,差异显著。丛枝菌根的形成对喜树幼苗氮素营养的吸收影响不大。从全株的氮含量来看,菌根幼苗与无菌根幼苗相近,只有在根、茎和叶片中Am菌根幼苗的氮含量才有明显变化,而透光球囊霉和弯丝硬囊霉菌根幼苗与无菌根幼苗之间则没有显著差异。丛枝菌根的形成总体上促进了喜树幼苗对磷素营养的吸收,并且主要体现在根的磷含量上。与无菌根幼苗比,所有菌根幼苗根的氮、磷分配比例增加,而茎和叶片的氮、磷分配比例减少。图2表2参13。 相似文献
12.
Response of Faidherbia albida (Del.) to five levels of Kodjari rock phosphate (KRP) application (0, 310, 620, 1240 and 2480 ppm P, equivalent to 0, 775, 1550, 3100 and 6200 kg P/ha) and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (VAMF) Glomus manihotis Howeler, Sieverding & Schenck or Glomus aggregatum Schenck & Smith emend. Koske was evaluated in an alkaline sandy soil. The F. albida seedlings grew poorly without mycorrhizal colonization and without KRP applications. For non-VAM Faidherbia, the maximum growth response and both P and N uptake in shoots was achieved with the 620 ppm P. However, even without KRP application, VAM plants achieved better results in terms of biomass. VAM plants with G. manihotis and G. aggregatum improved plant growth and increased nutrient contents at any KRP application rate. Although mycorrhizal colonization was comparable at all levels of KRP application, the impact of nutrient content of the shoot varied. Finally, VAM plants did not accumulate more biomass than non-VAM plants at 620 ppm P and above. Growth response and mycorrhizal dependency decreased as KRP applied levels increased. These results suggest that VAM Faidherbia seedlings take up more P from soil and KRP than non-VAM. 相似文献
13.
用RAPD-PCR方法对分布在云南省高黎贡山的尼泊尔桤木,分布在吉林长白山的色赤杨、西伯利亚赤杨和东北赤杨进行遗传多样性分析。结果发现分布在长白山的3种赤杨聚类关系较它们与尼泊尔桤木的关系更近,其中色赤杨和西伯利亚赤杨有更近的聚类关系,与它们对应共生的Frankia菌居群亲缘关系表现相似的特征;高黎贡山的尼泊尔桤木遗传多样性水平最高,其次是色赤杨和西伯利亚赤杨,东北赤杨最低。桤木属植物与对应共生的Frankia菌的遗传多样性水平也一致。这些结果暗示着桤木属宿主植物和其Frankia菌共生物之间存在共进化关系。东北3种宿主植物与Frankia菌之间存在于种下基因型类群的共生搭配,表明共生关系的建立过程中可能存在基因型上的选择。Alnus-Frankia共生固氮体系的建立可能是单起源的。 相似文献
14.
人工接种对桤木结瘤固氮的效应初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过桤木根瘤的Frankia菌的纯菌制剂和悬液接种,进行砂培、土培和田间苗圃的幼苗接种试验,均取得较好的接种效益。砂培菌剂接种者100％结瘤,对照为零,苗高生长为对照的2.6倍;5种紫色土上的悬液接种,结瘤固氮量和苗高生长均有不同程度的提高,田间接种试验亦取得一定效果。 相似文献
15.
Bilas Singh 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(6):480-495
We assessed interactive effects of varying levels of applied phosphorus fertilizer and water stress on growth, productivity, and mineral accumulation in container-grown Dalbergia sissoo L. seedlings. Height, collar diameter, leaf size and area, root volume and total biomass were reduced, and dry matter allocation to root was increased with increasing levels of soil water stress. The reduction was >32% in growth, >50% in leaf, and >77% in biomass when seedlings were grown with <50% of soil field capacity. Phosphorus application at the level of 10 mg kg?1 soil enhanced stems and leaf biomass and nutrient accumulation at all irrigation levels, and thus tolerance to drought. Phosphorus responses to growth and biomass production increased with irrigation levels. Thus, 20 mg P kg?1 soil is beneficial at sufficient soil water availability and a lower dose (i.e., 10 mg P kg?1) is recommended under high soil water stress conditions to benefit growth and productivity of D. sissoo. 相似文献
16.
The effect of inoculation with Frankia, a N-fixing actinomycete, on the growth of Alnus sieboldiana seedlings was studied on unsterilized soil from a nursery and an alder stand (forest of Alnus firma). The seedlings of A. sieboldiana were inoculated with Frankia before or after a 2-month culture on sterilized vermiculite, during which they nodulated, and transplanted to unsterilized
soil from the nursery and the alder stand. The control seedlings were also cultured on sterilized vermiculite for about 2 months
and transplanted to unsterilized soil without Frankia inoculation. The seedling growth, nodulation and N-fixing activity were measured 3, 10 and 16 weeks after the transplantation.
Growth and nodule biomass of the seedlings inoculated with Frankia and those grown on the alder soil were better than those without inoculation with Frankia and grown on the nursery soil, respectively. The seedlings inoculated before spontaneous nodulation grew better than those
inoculated at the transplantation. Nitrogen-fixing activity measured by acetylene reduction assay at 16 weeks after the transplantation
was higher in the seedlings grown on the soil from the nursery than on the soil from the alder stand. 相似文献
17.
Cumming JR 《Tree physiology》1993,13(2):173-187
The association of ectomycorrhizal fungi with tree roots enhances the acquisition of phosphorus (P) from the soil. In addition to increasing the uptake of H(2)PO(4) (-) (P(i)), mycorrhizal fungi may increase the spectrum of P sources utilized by tree roots by mediating the dissolution of insoluble metallophosphate salts or the hydrolysis of organic P compounds. To investigate the role of ectomycorrhizal fungi in enhancing P acquisition by tree roots, pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.) seedlings were grown in sand culture with or without the ectomycorrhizal symbiont Pisolithus tinctorius Coker and Couch under various conditions of P limitation. Compared with nonmycorrhizal seedlings, seedlings inoculated with P. tinctorius exhibited a greater capacity to function under P limitation as evidenced by superior growth and the maintenance of normal foliar ion composition at low P(i) concentrations. Nonmycorrhizal seedlings subjected to P-limiting conditions exhibited depressed K and P and elevated Na concentrations in foliage. The association of P. tinctorius with pitch pine seedling roots maintained foliar K concentrations and prevented the accumulation of Na under P limitation. Nonmycorrhizal seedlings were unable to obtain P from either solid AlPO(4) or inositol hexaphosphate (IHP), whereas seedlings inoculated with P. tinctorius utilized AlPO(4), but not IHP as a P source. Root surface acid phosphatase (APase) activity was depressed in roots infected with the mycorrhizal symbiont and was negatively correlated with seedling growth on all P sources. Root APase activity was negatively correlated with foliar P concentrations in seedlings grown on P(i), but was not correlated with foliar P concentrations in seedlings cultured with AlPO(4) or IHP. 相似文献
18.
《Forest Ecology and Management》1997,98(3):205-208
The role of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (VAM) fungi symbiosis with bamboo seedling was investigated. VAM species Glomus aggregatum, G. fasciculatum and G. mosseae were inoculated individually and in combinations with the bamboo seedlings. The percentage of infection and various growth parameters such as the number of shoots, number of rhizome, internodal distance, leaf length and breadth and total biomass production were studied in myocorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal infected plants. The above findings indicated a significant increase in the growth rate and biomass productivity. 相似文献
19.
采用盆栽试验,研究了不同施P水平对2年生银杏苗木各项生长、生理指标及叶片含P量的影响。结果表明:(1)施P(P2O5)量在0～3g·盆-1范围内,总的趋势是,银杏各项生长、生理指标均随施P量的增加而增加。当施P(P2O5)量超过3g·盆-1后,各项生长、生理指标均表现下降。(2)银杏苗木叶片全P含量在适量的供P范围内随施P量的增加而增加,含P(P2O5)量最高出现在3 0g·盆-1,超过此值后,随施P量的增加而逐渐下降。(3)银杏苗木各项生长指标与施P量之间存在二次函数关系,根据回归方程求得本试验条件下2年生银杏苗木的合理施P(P2O5)量为2 11～2 38g·盆-1。 相似文献
20.
Six‐month‐old Japanese black pine seedlings (Pinus thunbergii) were exposed to simulated acid rain (SAR) at pH 3 and 2 three times a week. After treatment for 2 months, the seedlings were inoculated with a virulent isolate (S10) of the pinewood nematode (Bursaphelenchusxylophilus), at three inoculum levels (Pi = 50, 160 or 500 nematodes per seedling). In seedlings inoculated with 500 nematodes, both population growth of nematodes and disease development were accelerated by pretreatment with SAR at pH 3 or 2. In seedlings inoculated with 50 nematodes, population growth of the nematodes was suppressed and more time was needed for seedlings to die when pretreated with pH 3 SAR. This suggests that exposure to pH 3 SAR increased not only the progress of mortality, but also simultaneously enhanced the tolerance limit of the seedlings to the pinewood nematode – the critical value of physiological burden (represented as a product of time and initial nematode population) necessary to kill a seedling. Exposure to pH 2 SAR accelerated nematode reproduction in seedlings and increased seedling mortality irrespective of the number of nematodes inoculated. 相似文献