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1.
上杭县林业发展潜力和可持续经营分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据森林和林业资源消长的客观规律,遵循“法正林”概念和经营模式,运用林木生长和收获模型研究结果,采用动态比较的方法,分析上杭县的林业资源结构及其缺陷,研究并提出了分类指导的经营策略。分析表明,通过科学规划和经营,县域用材林林分在实施分类经营的前提下,可以适度缩减面积,保留生长(立地)类型良好的林分实施集约化经营,在10 a经营期内,可以增加2倍的采伐量,林木蓄积增长73%。同时可以促进竹林、经济林、薪材林等资源的增长,促进林区生产的多样化,实现林业生产、林区经济的协调、可持续发展。 相似文献
2.
《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(1-2):217-234
Abstract Tropical forests are very rich in biological diversity and form an important economic and ecological resource. This biodiversity is of great value for communities living in or near these forests as a ready source of subsistence and cash income, and for the world at large as a source of tropical timber and non-timber products and a repository of genetic and chemical information. However, this biological complexity is diminishing rapidly. We analyze the main human (anthropogenic) actions causing loss of tropical forest biodiversity along with the strategies of management for forest biodiversity. Not only is the biophysical component important in management for biodiversity, but the action participation and support of local people, the national government and international cooperation as a whole, arc essential for an effective and sustainable development of tropical forests. This integrated development strategy ensures that socio-economic and environmental benefits are provided for present and future generations. 相似文献
3.
Daniel J. Zarin Janaki Alavalapati Marianne Schmink 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(1-2):1-5
Abstract Tropical forests are very rich in biological diversity and form an important economic and ecological resource. This biodiversity is of great value for communities living in or near these forests as a ready source of subsistence and cash income, and for the world at large as a source of tropical timber and non-timber products and a repository of genetic and chemical information. However, this biological complexity is diminishing rapidly. We analyze the main human (anthropogenic) actions causing loss of tropical forest biodiversity along with the strategies of management for forest biodiversity. Not only is the biophysical component important in management for biodiversity, but the active participation and support of local people, national governments, and the international community as a whole are essential to effective and sustainable development of tropical forests. This development strategy ensures that socioeconomic and environmental benefits are provided for present and future generations. 相似文献
4.
《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(2-3):189-207
Summary Over the past decades, Central America has suffered some of the highest deforestation rates worldwide. Vast tracts of forest have been converted to agriculture and pasture, encouraged by ill-designed government policies and perverse incentives. Recently, however, progress has been made toward more sustainable use of forest resources by adjusting forest policies, decentralizing forest administration, and providing conducive incentives through environmental service payments and forest certification. Valuable forest management experiences have been gained by indigenous and peasant communities. Community forestry in Central America is being increasingly recognized by national governments. Examples include the community concessions in Peten, Guatemala, and community-based forest operations in Honduras and Nicaragua. Stakeholder networks have been established that strengthen horizontal and vertical alliances among wood producers and manufacturers and that help promote both community development and forest conservation. However, illegal logging, poor law enforcement, and lack of economic viability of forest management involving nontraditional species still provide barriers to the sustainable management of tropical broadleaved forests in the region. Future challenges include improved governance through decentralized forest administration, private sector involvement, and third-party certification. To improve traceability and value adding, development of integrated supply chains of forest and wood products is recommended. 相似文献
5.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(8):797-810
This article describes the transformation of old-growth forest to managed forests, in North (N) Sweden and boreal regions of North-West (BNW) Russia, from economic, social and ecological perspectives. Whereas in BNW Russia, the logging frontier could be kept moving into unharvested regions, N Sweden earlier had to develop solutions where large-scale logging had already taken place. In 1950–1990, Swedish strategies included rationing of old forest, effective regeneration and also precommercial and commercial thinning. Supporting means were legislation, government-funded subsidies and collaboration among enterprises, researchers and political leaders. BNW Russia is currently facing similar challenges and N Swedish experiences should be analysed and used where applicable. In N Sweden, a too low proportion of representative productive old forests remains, but in the last decades, N Swedish forests exempted from economic use have been significantly increased. Ongoing discussions of also defining areas with more intensive forest management would lead to a zoning, bearing some resemblance to the Russian system, in use since 1943. Russian experience should, therefore, be of interest to Swedish forest policy-makers. Both countries have problems with rural social issues. Both can benefit from collaboration on these aspects of sustainable forest management. 相似文献
6.
Staffan Berg Janine Fischbach Franka Brüchert Mikael Poissonnet Stefania Pizzirani Anne Varet Udo H. Sauter 《European Journal of Forest Research》2012,131(1):81-94
The forest-based sector has been at the forefront in operationally implementing the sustainability concept, its associated
principles and indicators for sustainable forest management. Several methods have been developed to study environmental impacts
of forestry activities, but none of the existing tools address all the dimensions of sustainability along the whole forest
wood chain (FWC) in a balanced way. Consequently, the decision was made to develop a tool for sustainability impact assessment
(ToSIA), the modelling framework for sustainability impact assessment of FWCs. The objective of the EU Project Eforwood was
to develop ToSIA, a decision support tool. Within ToSIA, a FWC is modelled as a number of interconnected processes. For each
process, a range of economic, environmental and social indicators and their respective values are calculated, thus representing
the three pillars of sustainability. By this method, the multifunctionality of forests can be assessed and supply chains can
be compared with respect to sustainability. Sensitivity analysis and scenario techniques can be applied to learn about the
effect of expected changes to the structure of the chain, the material flows and the indicator values. In order to provide
the tool with information about forest and logging operations, data were collected at two fundamental levels: (1) a regional
level with case studies in Scandinavia, Iberia and Baden-Württemberg and (2) a European level with a case study that reflects
conditions in the 27 countries of the European Union. This paper describes and details the harvesting and logging processes
for the European countries. The results are displayed for each of the three regional case studies as well as aggregated to
five principal areas in Europe: Eastern, Northern, Western, Central and Southwest Europe. 相似文献
7.
Tom Dedeurwaerdere 《Small-Scale Forestry》2009,8(2):193-209
This paper analyses the governance characteristics of an innovative policy instrument for sustainable forest management in Flanders, namely a mechanism based on social learning and collaborative planning within joint forest management organizations. These organizations have been successful in involving non-industrial private forest owners in managing the transition towards sustainable management in small-scale forestry. Why was this innovative scheme successful? And what are its shortcomings and possible limitations? The hypothesis developed in this paper is that the success of the forest groups has been made possible by the explicit organization of a process of social learning, leading to change in the beliefs and the social norms of forest owners and users. Based on the analysis of this case of cooperative forestry, and on theoretical insights from governance theory, the contribution to fostering social learning from three distinct mechanisms is established, these being (1) the recourse to sustainability criteria and indicators as an open-ended learning device, (2) the experimentation with disruptive action strategies to put new beliefs into practice, and (3) the building of new forms of social cooperation around these new beliefs and practices. 相似文献
8.
Forest certification programmes promote sustainable management of the world's forests. Certification can be given to a forest management system that fulfils certain environmental, social and economic criteria. 相似文献
9.
Over the last two centuries, logging has caused major, but unquantified, compositional and structural changes in the southern portion of the North American boreal forest. In this study, we used a series of old forest inventory maps coupled with a new dendrochronological approach for analyzing timber floating histories in order to document the long-term transformation (1820–2000) of a southern boreal landscape (117 000 ha) in eastern Quebec, Canada, in response to logging practices. Landscape exploitation became increasingly severe throughout this time period. During the ninetieth century (1820–1900) of limited industrial capacity, selective logging targeted pine and spruce trees and excluded balsam fir, a much abundant species of the forest landscape. Logging intensity increased during the first half of the twentieth century, and targeted all conifer species including balsam fir. After 1975, dramatic changes occurred over the landscape in relation to clear-cutting practices, plantations, and salvage logging, which promoted the proliferation of regenerating areas and extensive plantations of the previously uncommon black spruce. Overall, logging disturbance resulted in an inversion in the forest matrix, from conifer to mixed and deciduous, and from old to regenerating stands, thus creating significant consequences on forest sustainability. If biodiversity conservation and sustainable forestry are to be management goals in such a heavily exploited forested landscape, then restoration strategies should be implemented in order to stop the divergence of the forests from their preindustrial conditions. 相似文献
10.
ABSTRACT Diversification in resource management can serve as a strategy to increase both economic well-being and environmental sustainability in rural communities, especially in tropical forested regions. This paper documents and analyzes the recent and rapid regional commercialization of small diameter, lesser-known tropical hardwood species as polewood in Quintana Roo, Mexico, presenting the promises and perils for sustainable management and resource diversification in the context of Mexican economic development and community forestry. We present data from interviews with local farmers and forestry officials involved in community management of timber resources to reveal baseline information regarding the use and management of polewood, locally called palizada. We found the same permitting system used for high-value timber was implemented for polewood without recognizing the complex ecological characteristics of polewood and the different metrics by which polewood and high-value timber are bought and sold. These factors, coupled with an unstable market for this new forest product and potential for overexploitation, present a difficult situation for the sustainable management of polewood. We conclude that incorporating local ecological knowledge in devising polewood management strategies can strengthen local governance and is an essential aspect of managing this emerging market of forest products. 相似文献
11.
Mohammad Samaun Safa 《Small-Scale Forestry》2004,3(2):223-238
The sal forest is the only plainland forest in Bangladesh, and is of national economic and environmental importance. High
population and ever increasing poverty has stimulated exploitation of the forest alarmingly and brought it near extinction.
In facing this situation, the Bangladesh Forest Department implemented a participatory management approach, involving the
householders living in and around the forests, for forest maintenance and protection. This study examines the effectiveness
of practicing participatory forestry on the settlers’ livelihood in the encorached area of the sal forest. The settlers were
given degraded and encroached forest land through the program. Two major social forestry models — namely agroforestry and
woodlots — are included in the study. Participation in the resettlement increased household income, employment opportunities
and financial and non-land assets. It was found that the participatory management regime could attain the sustainability of
the forest and accelerate the standard of settlers’ livelihood, hence the program is an efficient management option towards
sustainability of the forest resources. These findings suggest that there is a role for extending the approach to rehabilitate
other degraded and encroached forest lands in Bangladesh. 相似文献
12.
森林可持续经营背景下的森林经营管理原则 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
根据我国森林经营管理原则的历史和现状,明确了可持续发展背景下森林可持续经营是森林经营管理的总目标,指出森林经营管理原则应当既明确具体,有一定的可操作性,又不是具体的标准和指标而不失原则性,是为实现总体目标而进行规划和决策必须遵循的基本约束条件.阐述了实现森林可持续经营的基本要求和现实森林可持续性下降的表现.在此基础上,应用可持续发展理论和森林等级结构原理,提出了森林经营管理应遵循的6项基本原则:系统整体性原则、生态可持续性原则、公益性和社会参与原则、可持续利用原则、经济合理性原则和谨慎性原则. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(3-4):119-126
Abstract In Europe, intensive forest management has anteceded a long history of intensive exploitation. The result has been the replacement of natural forests with highly productive albeit more vulnerable forests of simplified structure. Polish forestry has followed this same pattern and the country has seen a substantial increase in forest cover over the last 50 years. The main challenge for Polish forest management comes in trying to meet growing demand for wood products while responding to increased public demand for conservation of environmental values. Poland's new Forest Act for the first time puts environmental social and productive values of the forest on an equal footing. Within the framework of the Act. the Polish Policy of Sustainable Forest Development puts special emphasis on protection of biological diversity and the promotion of environmentally safe technologies and practices. The concept of Forest Promotion Areas is the major element of the Policy. The challenge for Forest Promotion Areas and for Model Forests will be to bring together all the necessary elements: environmental, economic and social that will allow sustainable development in its broadest sense. 相似文献
14.
全球人工林环境管理策略研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
全球人工林为木材生产和缓解贫困做出了重要贡献, 在减缓和适应气候变化中起到了非常重要的作用。文中在介绍全球人工林资源的基础上, 分析了人工林对生物多样性、水分循环、养分循环和碳循环的影响和相互作用机制, 提出了人工林环境管理策略, 即建立人工林多功能经营制度、通过森林认证助推人工林可持续经营、充分利用REDD+机制提高人工林固碳效应的政策推动策略, 加强生物多样性保护、降低人工林对水循环负面影响、提高人工林的养分循环、促进人工林生态系统碳循环的生态系统完整性策略, 以及保育高保护价值区域策略和鼓励利益相关者参与人工林规划与管理策略。 相似文献
15.
关于发展人工林与建立人工林业问题探讨 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
全世界森林面积为 34 5 4× 1 0 8hm2 ,其中 3%是人工林。人工林是重要的森林生态系统 ,在木材生产、环境保护和景观建设中具有重要功能和作用。人工林在生产功能方面的补偿作用 ,使天然林可以更好地发挥生态环境价值、森林娱乐和生物多样性保护功能。人工林可持续经营的前提是遗传材料的正确选择与营林实践艺术的结合以及保证这种结合的林业政策。愈来愈多地使用外来树种营建人工林是全球趋势。人工林对于环境和生物多样性的影响 ,可以通过合理的规划和经营措施得到解决。林木育种与遗传改良和经营制度的技术创新是不断提高人工林生态系统生产力的动力。人工林的可持续经营是一个十分复杂的问题 ,中国人工林实现可持续经营面临技术和体制两方面的挑战 ,但是 ,根本出路在于林业经济体制的改革 ,象农业那样 ,在市场经济环境中实行人工林产业化经营 ,建立人工林业 (Forestplantationindustry)。 相似文献
16.
As in many parts of the world, rural and forest-dependent communities in Ontario are struggling with a variety of economic
and demographic challenges. Ontario government ministries are seeking to enhance rural sustainable development while at the
same time maintaining forest habitat and preventing forest biodiversity decline. Commercial maple sugar bushes, which in Eastern
Ontario are typically family owned and operated, have the potential to play an important role in biodiversity conservation
and habitat protection, while at the same time contributing to sustainable development. Existing research has shown the social
and economic benefits of small scale maple sugar bushes, but room remains for greater study of the environmental impacts,
particularly in terms of forest biodiversity. In this study, woodlot management practices on twenty-two sugar bushes in Eastern
Ontario were compared against established forest biodiversity conservation guidelines, using information obtained through
detailed interviews with operators. Sugar bush operators reported the presence of many important habitats on their properties.
The interview results show that many standard sugar bush management practices are consistent with biodiversity conservation
principles. Operators were found to be receptive to biodiversity conservation ideals, and could enhance their contribution
to the provincial government’s official biodiversity strategy with additional guidance, incentives, and formal planning. The
findings suggest that through sound management and planning, small scale commercial sugar bush operations generally can be
made environmentally sustainable, and become important components in broader rural development strategies. 相似文献
17.
Amani A. Al-Assaf Yolla Y. Al-Asmar Bart D. Johnsen-Harris Marwan M. Al-Raggad 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(7):469-485
ABSTRACTDespite the growing body of research on ecosystem services and their valuation, Jordan still faces many challenges with integration of ecosystem service concepts into forest sustainability policy and management planning. One major challenge is the incorporation of local communities into policy design, planning, and implementation. This article aims to provide information about the social value of forests’ provisioning and cultural services in a spatial context using Geographical Information Systems (GIS). The study utilizes a new approach to mapping value in rural areas by projecting local forest value from interview data. A value index is created based on indicated importance of services as well as proximity to households, permitting interpolation of value in forested areas between survey points. The resulting maps illustrate ecosystem service “hotspot” areas of significance to planning and management. This mapping technique can be applied in other locations where homes are situated near and within the ecosystems being assessed. The resulting maps serve to inform forest management policy and planning by better integrating communities’ preferences into development and conservation efforts, ensuring more efficient utilization of ecosystem services. 相似文献
18.
芬兰、瑞典林业经营管理考察报告 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
国家林业局赴芬兰瑞典林业经营管理考察团 《绿色中国(A版)》2005,(14):49-53
芬兰和瑞典在长期的林业生产活动中,在林业可持续发展方面进行了不断的探索和实践,制定了许多行之有效的林业政策和措施,比较妥善地解决了环境保护和森林利用的矛盾,确保了森林的生产力和永续性,对我国实施以生态建设为主的林业可持续发展战略有着十分重要的借鉴意义。 相似文献
19.
《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(4):63-94
Abstract Changing forest policies in both riparian and upland areas to help protect threatened and endangered species have contributed to the reduction of timber harvests in western Washington. The economic, biodiversity, and environmental impacts of these policy actions have been substantial. Policy simulations across 9.4 million acres of timber-land show that relative to proactive management strategies, current habitat conservation and environmental programs (largely based on a reservation strategy) result in net present value reductions to forestland owners of $9.9 billion. Accompanying these asset value reductions are employment losses (sustained) of 30% and tax receipt losses of 26%. The policy simulations further demonstrate that proactive management will not decrease the long-term percentage of the upland landscape occupied by functionally old forests relative to the reservation strategy. In the riparian area, adoption of a reservation strategy actually decreases (by 29%) the percent of the landscape occupied by functionally old forests relative to a proactive management approach. These results illustrate the importance of proactively managing western Washington forests to provide maximum functionally old forest habitat for endangered upland animals (such as the northern spotted owl and the marbled murrelet) as well as riparian species. 相似文献
20.
We explore the organizational, environmental, and economic effects of sustainable forest management (FM) certification by Smart-Wood (SW), one of the certification bodies accredited by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) to carry out certification in Japan. We closely investigated three enterprises: the Yusuhara Forest Owners’ Cooperative, Yamanashi Prefectural Forest, and Ryujin-mura Forest Owners’ Cooperative. Interviews with representatives of these entities provided crucial empirical information regarding the influence of certification on environmental assessment, rare-species protection, landscape-management planning, management objectives, and forest supervision. Attainment of FM status improved environmental awareness and engendered positive changes in assessing and managing forests and other natural resources but simultaneously imposed heavier economic costs. 相似文献