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1.
以纽荷尔脐橙为试材,于2002年测定了湖北省秭归县柑橘良种示范场、兴山县高阳镇宝坪村、巴东县东瀼口镇雷家坪村、长阳县渔峡口镇岩松坪村、公安县卷桥水库白云山园艺场、阳新县王英镇石港村、通城县园艺场、丹江口市蔡家渡果园场的纽荷尔脐橙园0~40cm土层的营养状况,分析了相应果园2003年纽荷尔脐橙果实的主要品质。结果表明:供试果园土壤pH值适宜柑橘的生长发育和品质表现,但碱解N普遍缺乏,而其他土壤养分指标差异明显,有机质含量除了秭归县和丹江口市处于低量水平、通城县处于偏低水平外,其他均属适宜范围;有效P含量除了兴山县、长阳县和通城县属于适宜范围外,其他均属缺乏范围;速效K含量表现极不平衡,秭归县处于极缺范围,丹江口市和通城县处于缺乏范围,巴东县处于适宜范围,而兴山县、长阳县、阳新县和公安县处于高量范围。在这种土壤背景下生产出的纽荷尔脐橙果实的主要品质产生很大差异。多元线性逐步回归分析结果表明,土壤养分对纽荷尔脐橙果实品质有很大影响。在一定范围内,可溶性固形物含量与有效P和速效K含量存在显著的线性相关关系,可滴定酸含量和果皮亮度值与土壤pH值、碱解N和速效K含量呈显著的线性负相关。 相似文献
2.
通过分析湖北省秭归县‘纽荷尔’脐橙园土壤、叶片、果实等养分水平及其与果实品质的关系,为秭归‘纽荷尔’脐橙科学合理施肥提供理论依据。对秭归县 71个‘纽荷尔’脐橙果园土壤、叶片养分及果实品质进行测定,运用相关与回归分析,建立多元回归方程。秭归‘纽荷尔’脐橙果园土壤存在酸化趋势,pH值平均为4.88;土壤有机质含量平均为 21.51 g/kg,处于适宜范围的比例高达 98%;土壤碱解氮、有效磷处于不足水平的比例分别为 55%、34%;土壤速效钾处于高量及过量水平的比例达 58%。叶片氮处于不足水平的比例达 59%,叶片磷处于不足水平的比例为 47%。叶片钾适量与过量的比例分别为 55%与 38%。秭归‘纽荷尔’脐橙可溶性固形物和果皮厚度均值分别为 14.83%和 4.15 mm,100%达到脐橙优等果固形物与果皮厚度的要求;果实可滴定酸较高,平均含量为 1.59%,果实固酸比符合优等果和一等果要求的比例分别为 24.5%和 38.8%。土壤氮、磷、钾与果实的氮、磷、钾养分之间无显著相关性,叶片中磷与果实磷、钾为极显著相关,与果实氮显著相关。果实单果重、硬度、果形指数、果面红绿色、可溶性固形物、可食率均与果实氮磷钾含量呈显著相关。秭归‘纽荷尔’脐橙栽培管理应重视有机肥施用及酸性土改良,通过速效性肥料少量多次施用来提高土壤碱解氮和有效磷含量,适当减轻钾肥的投入,根据果实养分带走量实现“以果定肥”,进行精准施肥管理,减少肥料浪费。 相似文献
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为提高城市绿地生态系统服务功能和促进城市可持续发展，本文研究了南京市不同功能区绿地表层土壤养分和微生物量的分布特征。结果显示，土壤pH整体呈碱性且容重偏大；公园绿地土壤全氮、速效磷和速效钾含量显著高于道路绿地；不同功能区绿地土壤有机质含量无显著差异，但公园绿地土壤微生物量碳含量和微生物熵显著高于居住区和道路绿地；公园绿地土壤结构和养分均优于道路绿地。土壤微生物量碳含量与有机质、全氮和速效钾含量呈极显著正相关，与速效磷含量呈显著正相关，与容重呈极显著负相关；土壤有机质与全氮和速效钾含量呈极显著正相关，与速效磷含量和pH无显著相关性，与容重呈显著负相关。因此，勤松土，合理施肥，增加枯枝落叶等凋落物覆盖，提高土壤养护管理水平对修复城市土壤生态和建设生态城市具有重要意义。 相似文献
4.
沙田柚主产区土壤养分状况与果实品质关系初探 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
2005年在广东省梅州市沙田柚主产区进行了采样调查,测定了梅州市松口镇大黄、小黄、蓬下、蓬上4个村沙田柚果园0～60 cm土层土壤养分含量,分析了相应果园沙田柚果实的主要品质.结果表明:供试土壤养分状况差异较大,小黄和大黄的氮磷钾有效态营养状况均处于适宜等级,而蓬上和蓬下的碱解氮处于缺乏等级.沙田柚果实品质也存在一定差异,小黄和大黄的沙田柚果实中还原糖和维生素含量较高,较蓬上和蓬下的沙田柚味甜多汁.相关分析表明,沙田柚果实中还原糖与土壤碱解氮呈显著正相关,维生素C与土壤碱解氮呈极显著正相关,而与速效钾呈极显著负相关,总酸与土壤全氮、全磷,有效磷、缓效钾呈极显著正相关.说明沙田柚果实品质受土壤氮磷钾营养状况的影响,特别是与土壤氮素含量密切相关. 相似文献
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通过对河北省主要果园产区的土壤养分测定、定位监测等方法,研究了河北省土壤养分现状与动态变化及其养分在0～60 cm土壤剖面的分布特点,旨在为苹果的科学施肥提供理论依据。主要结果:河北省主要苹果园0～20 cm土壤全氮、有机质、有效磷、速效钾、有效铁、有效锌平均含量分别为1.16 g/kg、17.99 g/kg、118.26 mg/kg、329.70 mg/kg,15.33 mg/kg、3.69 mg/kg,同比于第二次土壤普查时期,各养分含量分别增加了0.43g/kg、6.49 g/kg、111.96 mg/kg、201.50 mg/kg、7.13 mg/kg、3.16 mg/kg。有机质及养分含量分布:基于第二次土壤普查分级标准,土壤有机质在10.00～20.00 g/kg的果园占60.3%,处于较低水平;全氮在1.00～1.50 g/kg果园占44.5%,处于中等水平;有效磷40.00 mg/kg、速效钾200.00 mg/kg分别占78.5%、61.8%,均处于较高水平。随着果园种植时间的增加,果园土壤养分含量均呈直线增加趋势,有效磷和速效钾积累速率显著高于全氮、有机质、有效铁、有效锌的增加速率。土壤养分空间分布特点:土壤养分以0～20 cm积累为主,定位实验31年的果园中20～40和40～60 cm土层土壤有机质、有效磷、速效钾分别相当于0～20 cm的50.8%、59.8%、74.0%和42.3%、27.0%、55.9%。在种植年限为30～40年的果园中,土壤p H明显降低,其0～20、20～40、40～60 cm土层土壤p H值较小于10年果园分别下降1.09、0.41、0.27个单位。主要结论:苹果园土壤有效磷、速效钾积累与树龄呈直线相关,且土壤有效磷、速效钾增幅显著高于土壤有机质、有效铁、有效锌的增幅,是导致土壤养分失衡的主要原因;建议增施有机肥、配合适量铁肥和锌肥平衡果园土壤养分以逐渐提高果园土壤供肥生产能力。 相似文献
6.
黄土塬面果园土壤养分特征及演变 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
为了探明黄土高原沟壑区长期种植果树对果园土壤肥力的影响,应用空间代时间的方法,对不同种植年限果园的土壤肥力状况进行多元统计分析。结果表明,果园土壤全磷、速效磷和速效钾含量丰富,有机质、全氮、碱解氮含量属中等偏下水平。不同果园中各养分变异较大的是土壤速效磷、速效钾,土壤有机质和全氮的变异系数最小。与当地农田土壤养分相比,果园土壤养分除有机质含量差异不显著,全氮含量显著低于农田外,其余养分含量均显著高于农田。总体上看,不同种植年限间果园土壤养分含量差异显著。果园土壤肥力综合指数与种植年限二者之间有显著的相关性,其变化趋势符合y=-0.0011x2+0.0419x+0.2078模型。在黄土高原沟壑区种植果树能够提高土壤肥力,但当果树种植年限超过19年时果园土壤肥力开始衰退,果园生态系统质量下降。 相似文献
7.
海南省芒果主产区土壤养分现状与果实矿质养分相关性评价与分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究海南省芒果主产区土壤养分丰缺及与果实矿质养分相关性,以期掌握芒果园土壤肥力现状,为科学、合理制定海南省芒果主产区的施肥策略奠基础。通过对海南省芒果主产区陵水、三亚、乐东、东方四市县芒果园0~20 cm、20~40cm土层采集的342个土壤样品和90个植物样品进行养分测定分析。研究发现,芒果园土壤pH均值为5.51,果园土壤呈酸性;果园有机质含量偏低,随土层加深而降低,四地土壤有机质含量在三级以下水平占各地土壤的比例分别为:陵水60%、三亚69%、乐东93%、东方100%;果园土壤全氮、碱解氮含量较低,基本在三级及以下水平,土壤速效钾、速效磷含量较高,大部分土壤在三级及以上水平范围,磷含量变异系数较大,分别为:0~20 cm土层为123.07%,20~40 cm土层为138.32%;芒果园土壤交换性钙含量较丰富,交换性镁含量较低,钙含量随土层加深而增加,镁则相反;芒果园微量元素含量比较丰富,随土层的加深有效铁、有效铜、有效锌含量减少,有效锰略微增加,有效硼基本不变;果园土壤养分含量与果实矿质元素含量的相关性较强,其中果实锰与土壤速效钾(相关系数0.990)、果实锰与土壤碱解氮(相关系数0.995)、果实锰与土壤有效锌(相关系数0.960)及土壤铜与果实铜(相关系数0.926)为显著的正相关,土壤有效磷与果实微量元素含量呈负相关关系,土壤有效铁与果实大量元素含量呈负相关,土壤速效钾和碱解氮与果实微量元素呈正相关。海南省芒果园土壤有机质、土壤氮(全氮、碱解氮)含量均较低,速效磷和速效钾含量为中上水平,交换性镁含量较低,果园土壤微量元素较丰富。建议生产中以基肥为主,增施有机肥,适当配施锰等微量元素,可以喷施少量叶面肥补充微量元素。在施肥时应平衡施肥,合理用量。 相似文献
8.
植被混凝土护坡基材p H、有机质及其与速效养分的相关性分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
采集了宜昌境内4处采用植被混凝土生态防护边坡的33个基材土壤样品,对其pH值、有机质和速效N、P、K含量进行测定,分析pH值、有机质含量与速效养分含量的相关性.结果表明:植被混凝土护坡基材pH值为7.73～8.39,属于微碱性和碱性土壤;有机质含量为9.29～18.75 g/kg,属于极低水平和较低水平;速效氮含量为34.34～46.10 mg/kg,速效磷为96.86～146.13 mg/kg,速效钾为196.98～333.53 mg/kg.4个边坡的速效氮含量均属于较低水平,速效钾、速效磷含量均为高水平.pH与有机质、速效K含量呈极显著负相关,与速效N和速效P含量均呈负相关,但不显著;有机质与速效N含量呈极显著正相关,与速效K和速效P含量均呈负相关,但不显著.表明植被混凝土护坡基材的pH值和有机质影响着土壤速效养分的含量. 相似文献
9.
东北平原典型农业县农田土壤养分空间分布影响因素分析 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
结合常规统计方法与GIS空间分析方法，定量研究了东北平原典型农业县——吉林省德惠市土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾空间分布的主要影响因素。研究表明，不同高程的土壤养分含量不存在显著差异；不同坡度的土壤有机质和全氮存在显著差异，坡度相对较大的地区由于受到土壤水蚀的影响导致有机质和全氮含量有所降低，而坡度因素对土壤速效磷和速效钾含量的影响并不显著；土壤类型和土地利用方式都对土壤养分的空间变异存在明显的影响。对4种土壤养分的分布进行空间插值，结果表明，以中部饮马河为分界线，饮马河以东土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾含量较西部为低，而速效磷空间分布的随机性较强。 相似文献
10.
胜利矿区土壤养分空间变异特征与影响因素 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究矿区土壤养分空间变异特征对矿区土地复垦与生态保护具有重要意义。选取胜利矿区土壤作为研究对象，基于地统计学和GIS技术分析土壤养分的空间变异性，并探讨地形因子和土地利用类型对其影响。结果表明：研究区土壤pH、有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾平均含量分别为8.073、21.588g/kg、82.914mg/kg、8.210 mg/kg、257.341 mg/kg。除pH属于弱变异外，其他养分均属于中等强度变异。各项养分指标均具有一定的趋势效应。pH的最适模型是球面模型，有机质、速效钾的最适模型是线性有基台模型，速效氮、速效磷的最佳拟合模型是指数模型。pH、有机质、速效氮表现为中等空间相关性；速效磷、速效钾呈弱空间自相关。pH值由中部向四周逐渐降低；有机质、速效氮高值区集中在西部高程较大的位置，低值区分布在受人类扰动较强的中东部；速效磷、速效钾没有呈现一定的分布规律。坡度、坡向、高程、地形湿度指数是造成土壤养分格局差异的主要地形因子；从土地利用方式看，采矿扰动是养分含量较低的重要原因，矿业用地养分含量显著低于耕地和草地。 相似文献
11.
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
13.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
14.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
15.
Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
16.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(7):865-877
Potassium (K) fixation and release in soil are important factors in the long-term sustainability of a cropping system. Changes in K concentration and characteristics of K fixation and release in rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils in the rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)–rice (Oryza sativa L.) rotation were investigated using a rhizobox system. The concentrations of different forms of K in both rhizosphere and nonrhizosphere soils decreased with plants compared to without plants, regardless of K fertilizer application. Potassium uptake by crops mainly came from the rhizosphere soil. In the treatment without K fertilizer (–K), the main form of K supplied by the soil to the crops was 1.0 mol L?1 nitric acid (HNO3) nonextractable K, followed by nonexchangeable K, and then exchangeable K. In the treatment with K fertilizer (+K), the main K forms supplied by the soil to the crops were exchangeable K and nonexchangeable K. The amount and rate of K fixation after one cycle of the rapeseed–rice rotation was greater in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The amount and rate of K fixation of soil in the +K treatment were significantly less than in the –K treatment. The cumulative amounts of K released with 1.0 mol L?1 ammonium acetate (NH4OAc) and 1.0 mol L?1 HNO3 extraction increased with the increasing numbers of extractions, but the K-releasing power of soil by successive extraction decreased gradually and finally became almost constant. The release of K was less in rhizosphere soil than in nonrhizosphere soil. The release of K in the +K treatment was similar to that in the –K treatment in rhizosphere soil, but the K release in nonrhizosphere soil was greater with the +K than the –K treatment. Overall, the information obtained in this study will be helpful in formulating more precise K fertilizer recommendations for certain soils. 相似文献
17.
Electron donor and pH relationships for biologically enhanced dissolution of chlorinated solvent DNAPL in groundwater 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Biologically enhanced dissolution offers a method to speed removal of chlorinated solvent dense non-aqueous-phase liquid (DNAPL) sources such as tetrachloroethene (PCE) and trichoroethene (TCE) from aquifers. Bioremediation is accomplished by adding an electron donor to the source zone where fermentation to intermediates leading to acetic acid and hydrogen results. The hydrogen and possibly acetic acid are used by dehalogenating bacteria to convert PCE and TCE to ethene and hydrochloric acid. Reductive dehalogenation is thus an acid forming process, and sufficient alkalinity must be present to maintain a near neutral pH. The bicarbonate alkalinity required to maintain pH above 6.5 is a function of the electron donor: 800 mg/L of bicarbonate alkalinity is sufficient to achieve about 1.2 mM TCE dechlorination with glucose, 1.7 mM with lactate, and a much higher 3.3 mM with formate. Laboratory studies indicate that in mixed culture, formate can be used as an electron donor for complete conversion to ethene, contrary to pure cultures studies indicating it cannot. Various strategies can be used to add electron donor to an aquifer for DNAPL dehalogenation while minimizing pH problems and excessive electron donor usage, including use of injection-extraction wells, dual recirculation wells, and nested injection-extraction wells. 相似文献
18.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
19.
Y. Bashan J. J. Bustillos L. A. Leyva J.-P. Hernandez M. Bacilio 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2006,42(4):279-285
Inoculation of wheat seedlings with the plant growth-promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense Cd was immobilized in alginate microbeads and, without applying any stress, significantly increased the quantity of several
photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and the auxiliary photoprotective pigments violaxanthin, zeaxanthin, antheroxanthin, lutein, neoxanthin, and β-carotene.
This resulted in greener plants with no apparent visible stress. After monitoring the quantity of photosynthetic pigments
for 4 weeks, we observed that inoculated plants had higher quantities of pigments in shoot and stem. The greatest difference
in the quantity of all pigments between inoculated and noninoculated plants occurred in the first week of growth. Regardless
of treatment, the quantity of pigments in stems was three to four times less than the quantity of these pigments in shoots.
Application of Azospirillum, either as liquid inoculant or as alginate microbeads, did not alter the positive effect of the bacteria on pigment production
or the positive response of the plants towards A. brasilense Cd inoculation. 相似文献
20.
Three slow-growing legume trees used for desert reforestation and urban gardening in the Sonoran Desert of Northwestern Mexico
and the Southwestern USA were evaluated whether their growth can be promoted by inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria
(Azospirillum brasilense and Bacillus pumilus), unidentified arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi (mainly Glomus sp.), and supplementation with common compost under regular screenhouse cultivation common to these trees in nurseries. Mesquite
amargo (Prosopis articulata) and yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla) had different positive responses to several of the parameters tested while blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida) did not respond. Survival of all tree species was over 80% and survival of mesquite was almost 100% after 10 months of cultivation.
Inoculation with growth-promoting microorganisms induced significant effects on the leaf gas exchange of these trees, measured
as transpiration and diffusive resistance, when these trees were cultivated without water restrictions. 相似文献