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为了观测狭瓣辣木和多油辣木改良种PKM-1开花散粉时期花部形态、花粉萌发率和柱头可授性的变化规律,本研究采用琼脂培养基萌发法测定花粉萌发率,用联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性,结合田间花部性状随着时间变化的实际观测进行分析。结果表明,狭瓣辣木花朵开花之初,花药即完全打开并开始大量散粉,柱头直立,高于雄蕊;花朵开放后,柱头直立不变,高度逐渐低于雄蕊。PKM-1花朵开花之初,花药微微闭合,2 h后完全打开并开始大量散粉,柱头微微弯曲,高度低于雄蕊;花朵开放后,柱头逐渐弯曲,高度逐渐高于雄蕊。狭瓣辣木花粉萌发率在开花第2天达到最大值77%,呈现先上升后下降的趋势。PKM-1花粉萌发率在开花第1天达到最大值69%,之后迅速降低;狭瓣辣木和PKM-1柱头可授性均呈上升趋势,二者在开花第3天柱头可授性最强。在开花第1天,狭瓣辣木柱头具有微弱活性,而PKM-1柱头没有活性。在自然授粉条件下,狭瓣辣木花期柱头形态不利于其杂交授粉;在开花第2天采集花粉,在开花第3天柱头可授性最强时人工授粉,可以提高狭瓣辣木结实率和杂交成功率。本研究对于制定辣木杂交育种措施、提高辣木人工授粉效率和产量有重要意义。 相似文献
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君子兰的花型较大,多朵簇生于花葶之上。每朵小花具雌蕊一枚,雄蕊六枚。雄蕊的花丝挺拔粗壮,花药较大;不论是给母本去雄,还是收集父本的花粉粒,都比较方便。去雄和套袋君子兰的雄蕊虽然比雌蕊短,花粉成熟后不太可能落在自己雌蕊的柱头上,但是昆虫却能起传粉的作用。所以,在花冠 相似文献
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为探明国家二级保护植物肉果秤锤树不同开花散粉时期(1～11 d)花粉活力与柱头可授性的变化规律,本研究采用过氧化物酶法快速测定花粉活力,用联苯胺—过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性。试验结果表明：肉果秤锤树花粉在开花散粉后的1～11 d均具活力,花粉活力最佳时间段为花后4～7 d (花粉活力均保持在80%以上),其中第4天花粉活力最高,为85.57%;柱头可授性在开花后1～4 d逐渐增强,且花后4～8 d的柱头可授性达到最强,随后柱头可授性逐渐降低。肉果秤锤树花粉活力与柱头可授性的最佳时间之间有很大程度重合,建议在开花4～8 d进行花粉采集和授粉工作,可提高其授粉成功率和结实率。本研究可以为肉果秤锤树野生资源保护与人工繁育提供理论依据和参考。 相似文献
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为了研究多花黄精花部特征、开花习性、柱头可授性与传粉方式,在多花黄精花期定株定点记录观察开花习性、观察传粉昆虫;测量花部特征、测定柱头可授性.结果表明,多花黄精4月16日现蕾,4月29日开花,5月4日花朵凋谢.传粉昆虫为马蜂、蜜蜂和蚂蚁等.多花黄精的花冠直径为6.43 mm,花冠营长度约为1.43 mm,花丝长度约为1.00mm,花柱长度约为0.97 mm.开花第1天,柱头即有可授性;花开后第2天柱头可授性较强;花后第3天、第4天柱头可授性逐渐降低,第5天不具有可授性.该试验结果为黄精规范化栽培及良种繁育提供了理论依据. 相似文献
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葛(Pueraria montana (Willd.) Ohwi)自然结实率不高,为了找到可靠的进行科学人工育种方法,本研究以葛为研究对象,采用I2-KI法、2,3,5-氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC)法对葛花粉活力进行测定,采用联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定其柱头可授性。结果表明:(1)葛的花粉活力在开花前1 d最高,且此时花粉活性最强,开花后随散粉时间延长而逐渐降低,在开花后2~5 d有一个花粉活力较稳定的时期;(2)葛柱头可授性在开花后第1天最强,此后可授性下降并迅速在第5天不再具有可授性。本研究通过对葛花粉活力与柱头可授性进行研究,明确了葛花粉活力与柱头可授性最强的时间,推导出葛的最佳授粉方法是:采集开花前1 d的花粉对开花后第1天的柱头进行人工授粉,为进一步对葛进行科学人工育种提供了一定的数据支持。 相似文献
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为揭示睡莲(基部被子植物)的开花特性,探究雄蕊在睡莲花瓣节律性开放过程中的作用.本研究以蓝鸟睡莲(Nymphaea 'Blue Bird')为实验材料,在去雄(摘除雄蕊)后记录花瓣开放角度和萎蔫时间,并于去雄后第6、24、48及72小时测定花瓣的生理生化指标变化.结果 显示,去雄后睡莲花瓣的开放角度小于对照组,在第48小时与对照组开放角度差异最大,达到49.31°,而去雄后花瓣萎蔫的时间与对照组相同,均出现在第72小时;去雄引起了花瓣多项生理生化指标发生变化,其中,含水量在第24小时与72小时显著低于对照组,比对照组分别低0.7％与0.9％;可溶性糖含量变化显著,在第24小时和48小时比对照组分别高出0.48与0.68 mg/g;脯氨酸(Pro)含量在第72小时显著高于对照组;过氧化物酶(POD)活性从第24小时起比对照组显著升高;而丙二醛(MDA)含量则与对照组无明显差异.以上结果说明,去雄导致了睡莲花瓣开放角度及生理状态发生改变,该发现进一步地揭示了睡莲的开花特性,首次证明了雄蕊对于花瓣节律性开放具有调节作用,为花瓣开放闭合及切花保鲜等领域的研究提供了新的思路. 相似文献
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朝鲜白头翁小孢子发育时期与花器形态的相关性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了寻找朝鲜白头翁小孢子发育时期的鉴定方法以及探讨小孢子发育时期与花器形态的相关性,采用常规石蜡切片法,对朝鲜白头翁小孢子发育时期的细胞学以及小孢子不同发育时期与花蕾大小的关系进行了研究。结果表明：朝鲜白头翁每个花药具4个花粉囊,小孢子母细胞减数分裂属同时型,小孢子在四分体中的排列属四面体型。成熟花粉粒属2-细胞型,并有3个萌发沟。花粉囊壁由4层细胞构成,即表皮（1层）、药室内壁（1层）、中层（1~2层）、绒毡层（1层）。绒毡层发育属腺质型（或分泌型）,出现多核现象。朝鲜白头翁小孢子发育时期与花蕾的外部形态特征、花药颜色有一定的相关性。小孢子处于单核期时花蕾长度在1.10~1.20 cm,花萼外侧颜色为紫红色,花药的颜色为黄色,花丝的长度为0.4~0.5 cm。朝鲜白头翁同一花蕾不同花药小孢子的发育存在一定程度的渐续性。 相似文献
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春萝卜小孢子发生和雄配子体发育过程的解剖学研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在显微水平上对春萝卜( Raphanus sativus L. )小孢子发生和雄配子体发育过程及其与不同发育阶段花蕾外部形态的相关性进行了研究。结果表明：春萝卜有6枚雄蕊,4强2弱,每个花药具4个花粉囊,成熟花粉粒属3细胞型并有3个萌发沟;花粉囊壁发育属双子叶型,由4层细胞构成,即表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层,绒毡层细胞为腺质,二核,小孢子母细胞减数分裂的胞质分裂为同时型;植株花蕾大小在0.5～1.0mm时雄蕊孢原细胞开始分化,花蕾长4～6mm时,形成成熟的雄配子体。3.5-4.5mm的花蕾处于单核中期,可作为花药培养或小孢子培养的选材依据。 相似文献
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青花菜小孢子发育时期与花器形态的相关性 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对青花菜小孢子发育时期细胞学特征及其与花器外部形态的相关性展开研究,试图从花器的外部形态特征来推断小孢子的发育时期,最终目的是为花药或游离小孢子培养研究提供科学依据。结果表明,青花菜小孢子发育经历四分体时期、单核早中期、单核靠边期和双核期共4个时期,供试3个青花菜各时期细胞学特征存在明显差异。青花菜小孢子发育时期与花蕾大小和花药颜色等指标密切相关。供试青花菜花蕾纵径为10.52~11.05 mm,花蕾横径为3.64~4.25 mm,花药长度为2.85~2.87 mm,花药宽度为0.95~0.96 mm,且花瓣微露出花萼,花瓣和花药均为淡黄色时,80%以上的小孢子发育至单核靠边期。 相似文献
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Sun Ae HwangPoong Ok Lee Hee Su LeeJong Suk Lee Mark S. RohMok Pil Choi 《Postharvest Biology and Technology》2012,64(1):31-39
It is not well documented which floral parts may trigger the onset of tepal or petal senescence and or flower bud abscission. Asiatic hybrid (Lilium × elegans Thunb.) ‘Red Carpet’ lily flowers were selected as a model to study this relationship because the various floral organs of a lily flower can be easily dissected and collected for physiological studies. We hypothesized that anther is the organ that triggers flower bud abscission. Ethanol-soluble sucrose, fructose, and glucose were analyzed in the tepal, anther, filament, and pistil. The analysis was conducted on flower buds weighing 1.5 g (small buds) and 3.9 g (large buds). The sucrose content in the anthers of small buds remained high when cut flowers were held at 21 °C for 5 d, suggesting that sucrose is not hydrolyzed into fructose and glucose. However, in large buds, sucrose was not detected when flowers were held at 21 °C for 5 d. The respiration rate of small buds (2.06 g) was high (2000-3000 mg/kg fw) when the tepals were removed and the anther remained attached to the filament, but was low (less than 400 mg/kg fw) in large buds approaching anthesis. Ethylene was produced only in small buds (1.42 g) when the anthers were present. Radioactive 14C sucrose applied to the cut end of the pedicel was translocated rapidly to the anther at harvest, but was not translocated to the anther when abscission was induced by keeping flower buds at 21 °C. Ethylene detected in small flower buds possibly was stimulated by physiological changes resulting from the lack of assimilates available to the anther and the lack of sucrose hydrolysis occurring in the anther. The absence of sucrose hydrolysis in the anther and lack of translocation of sucrose from the filaments to the anther in small buds may be factors that contribute to flower bud abscission in ‘Red Carpet’ lily. 相似文献
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谷子Ch型显性雄性核不育花药发育的细胞形态学研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
对谷子Ch型显性雄性核不育花药发育的细胞形态学观察发现,其杂合株花粉发育正常,但开花时花药不开裂;纯合株自造孢细胞期到花粉积累淀粉时均有败育发生,但主要在小孢子期;杂合株的药室壁细胞药隔发育正常;纯合株的药室壁细胞药隔则发生各种异常,可以认为这是其雄性败育的原因. 相似文献
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白芷小孢子发育时期与花器形态相关性分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
目的：研究3个白芷品系小孢子发育时期与花蕾形态和花药形态的相关性,以期直接从花蕾形态和花药形态判断小孢子的发育时期。方法：采用苯酚品红对白芷小孢子进行染色,对白芷小孢子发育的细胞学以及小孢子不同发育时期与花柄长、花蕾大小、花药直径、花蕾和花药颜色的关系进行研究。结果：白芷小孢子发育经过四分体时期、单核前期、单核中晚期、二核期和三核期共5个时期,各时期特征明显;3个白芷品系小孢子发育时期与花蕾的外部形态和花药颜色密切相关,其中以CX08-2的花柄长、花蕾直径和花药长度最大,其次为B-2,而B-6为最小;但单核中晚期与其相邻时期的花柄长、花蕾直径和花药长度未达到显著水平,花瓣颜色、花瓣是否开裂和花药颜色可以作为花药培养取材的直观依据。结论：通过花器官形态判断小孢子的发育时期可以为白芷花药培养接种材料的选择提供依据。 相似文献
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In this work we address two aspects of eggplant flower biology potentially involved on the efficiency of anther culture: the
selection of the best floral stage to extract anthers for culture, and the effect of heterostyly in the identification of
suitable buds and anthers. For 12 different accessions, we determined morphological criteria (length ranges) to identify buds
and anthers enriched in vacuolate microspores and young bicellular pollen, the stages most responsive to embryogenesis induction.
While these microspore/pollen stages were the most responsive when isolated and cultured in liquid medium, we observed that
culture of anthers containing these stages is not the best choice. Instead, the highest response was found for younger anthers,
containing mostly young and mid microspores. We analyzed eggplant anther walls and found that their particular thickness may
be behind this apparent discrepancy, since they may delay the diffusion of inducing factors to the anther locule, reducing
their effect over inducible microspores. Thus, the culture of younger anthers would allow for younger microspores to grow
up to the inducible stages while factors are entering the locule. We also analyzed the embryogenic response of short and long-styled
buds present in Cristal, a heterostylic cultivar. Our results demonstrated that each floral morph produced buds and anthers
of different lengths, but equally useful for anther culture, since similar amounts of embryos were produced. The practical
application of these results may improve the efficiency of anther culture not only in these cultivars, but in others also
presenting thick anther walls and heterostyly. 相似文献
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为了研究大白菜CMS96不育系花药败育机理,采用透射和扫描电镜,观察大白菜CMS96不育系和保持系的花药发育过程、花药和花粉表面结构。透射电镜结果表明,与保持系相比,在减数分裂期,大白菜CMS96不育系绒毡层与花药壁中层分开,不育系花粉母细胞皱缩,形状不规则,空隙较大,严重影响减数分裂正常进行;在单核小孢子时期,小孢子开始液泡化,直至成熟花粉期完全液泡化为空细胞,细胞壁严重萎缩,堆积在一起,最终花粉失去功能,导致败育。扫描电镜结果表明,大白菜CMS96不育系药室内的花粉畸形,花粉粒空瘪,表现为凹陷、扁平等形状,表面纹饰也呈多种不规则形状。花粉囊不开裂,没有花粉散出。初步认为,大白菜CMS96不育系花粉的败育从减数分裂开始到成熟花粉,伴随花粉发育整个过程。大白菜CMS96不育系药室内花粉粒虽具有花粉壁的结构,但扁平、空瘪,重叠堆积在药室壁上,失去了活力,无法散开。 相似文献
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通过分离矮牵牛DFR-A基因,研究其在不同部位的表达规律和酶活性变化,为花色素苷合成的结构基因分离及其他研究奠定基础。基于已公布的矮牵牛DFR序列,直接从矮牵牛花瓣中分离了DFRA基因序列,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术研究其在不同器官中的表达特性,同时测定了不同器官中的DFR酶活性。（1）矮牵牛DFR-A基因cDNA序列为1473 bp,该基因最大开放阅读框为1143 bp,编码380个氨基酸。（2）DFR-A基因在矮牵牛各种器官中均有表达,但不同组织中表达量存在差异,在花药中的表达量最高,其次是初开和盛开花瓣中,各期花蕾中的表达量都较低,而在叶中表达量最低。（3）DFR酶在叶片及花药中几乎无活性。在初开花瓣中达到最高峰。（4）除花药以外的部位,DFR酶活性与DFR mRNA浓度存在线性相关性。矮牵牛DFR酶活性主要受转录调控,活性在初开花瓣中最高。 相似文献
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Production of triploid plants of Japanese pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) by anther culture 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Triploid plants were grown from the diploid pear scion cultivar (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) by anther culture. Androgenic callogenesis occurred at about 10 days after anther excision, and most calli formed within four weeks and stopped growing at less than 1–3 mm in diameter. Androgenic embryogenesis occurred within 8–12 weeks after anther culture. The formed embryos were generally white, globular or heart-shaped. To increase callogenesis and embryogenesis, the effects of cold pre-treatment, light and activated charcoal (AC) on anthers collected from buds were investigated. Cold pre-treatment, dark and lack of AC increased callogenesis more than no cold pre-treatment, light and adding AC. A decisive condition was not found for embryogenesis. The embryogenesis frequency was extremely low and only six embryos were grown. Two embryos expanded greenish cotyledons and developed foliage, and they proliferated when transferred monthly to fresh proliferation medium. The proliferated shoots were rooted and acclimated. Flow cytometric analysis and investigation of the number of chromosomes of regenerants showed that all cells were triploid. 相似文献