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1.
Residual heavy metals are commonly considered to be immobile in soils, leading to an underestimation of their environmental risk. This study investigated the distribution and transport of residual heavy metals along soil profiles, using the Xiaoqinling gold mining region in North China as a case study. Soil samples were collected at three depths from three locations near the tailing heap. The speciation of copper (Cu) and lead (Pb) (exchangeable, carbonate-bound, Fe-Mn oxide-bound, organic matter-bound, and residual fractions) was determined using a sequential extraction procedure. The residual fraction’s morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that metal fraction distributions along the soil profiles were influenced by each fraction’s mobility. Residual fraction with high chemical stability cannot be transformed from or into other fractions. This led to the conclusion that the high concentration of residual metals in soils mainly resulted from residual fraction transport.The SEM analysis showed that fine particles (submicrons) were mainly attached to large particles and were likely released and transported by water flow. The more sorptive fractions (non-residual fractions) were mainly retained in the top soil, and the more mobile fractions (residual fraction) were mainly leached to the deep soil. Cu and Pb concentrations in the residual fraction decreased slightly and those in the non-residual fractions decreased significantly with soil depth. These suggest a relatively higher residual metal mobility along the soil pro?les. Therefore, residual metals can be transported in soils and their environmental risk can not be ignored in assessing soil contamination. 相似文献
2.
To understand the role of ectomycorrhizas in improving the tolerance of its host to excessive heavy metals in soil, this study was conducted to exam the patterns of four fractions （the exchangeable, the carbonate-bound, the Fe-Mn oxide- bound and the organically bound） of both Cu and Cd in the rhizosphere of Chinese pine （Pinus tabulaeformis） seedlings grown in excessive Cu and Cd environment. The results showed that the speciation of Cu and Cd in the rhizosphere was significantly influenced by inoculation of ectomycorrhizal fungus Boletus edulis. Compared to the rhizosphere, the content of exchangeable Cu slightly decreased in the mycorrhizosphere of the seedlings grown in 166 and 400 mg kg^-1 Cu contaminated soil, whereas the exchangeable Cd in the mycorrhizosphere decreased remarkably to only 33% and to 60% that of the rhizosphere at 0.75 and 1.50 mg kg^-1 Cd levels, respectively. These indicate the potential capacity of mycorrhizas to alleviate the damage of heavy metals to the host plants by reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil. Distribution of the 4 tested fractions of Cu and Cd at different contamination levels showed that there was a strong tendency of changing from loosely associated fractions to strongly associated fractions in the mycorrhizosphere. The most stable Cd fraction, organically bound Cd, was significantly larger in the mycorrhizosphere than in the rhizosphere at different Cd contamination levels. This phenomenon was also observed for Cu but the difference was not statistically significant. 相似文献
3.
利用粘粒矿物修复重金属污染农业土壤研究进展 总被引：16，自引：2，他引：14
Heavy metal contamination of agricultural soils poses risks and hazards to humans.The remediation of heavy metal-polluted soils has become a hot topic in environmental science and engineering.In this review,the application of clay minerals for the remediation of heavy metal-polluted agricultural soils is summarized,in terms of their remediation effects and mechanisms,influencing factors,and future focus.Typical clay minerals,natural sepiolite,palygorskite,and bentonite,have been widely utilized for the in-situ immobilization of heavy metals in soils,especially Cd-polluted paddy soils and wastewater-irrigated farmland soils.Clay minerals are able to increase soil pH,decrease the chemical-extractable fractions and bioavailability of heavy metals in soils,and reduce the heavy metal contents in edible parts of plants.The immobilization effects have been confirmed in field-scale demonstrations and pot trials.Clay minerals can improve the environmental quality of soils and alleviate the hazards of heavy metals to plants.As main factors affecting the immobilization effects,the pH and water condition of soils have drawn academic attention.The remediation mechanisms mainly include liming,precipitation,and sorption effects.However,the molecular mechanisms of microscopic immobilization are unclear.Future studies should focus on the long-term stability and improvement of clay minerals in order to obtain a better remediation effect. 相似文献
4.
尾矿池里添加大理石废料和有机物五年后植被覆盖和土壤生化特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
R. ZORNOZA A. FAZ D. M. CARMONA S. KABAS S. MART&#;NEZ-MART&#;NEZ J. A. ACOSTA 《土壤圈》2012,22(1):22-32
Tailing ponds pose environmental hazards,such as toxic metals which can contaminate the surroundings through wind and water erosions and leaching.Various chemical and biochemical properties,together with extractable and soluble metals were measured five years after reclamation of a polluted soil affected by former mining activities.This abandoned mine site contains large amounts of Fe-oxyhydroxides,sulphates,and heavy metals.As a consequence,soils remain bare and the soil organic matter content is low(< 3 g kg 1).Marble waste,pig manure and sewage sludge were applied in 2004.Plant cover and richness,and soil chemical,biochemical and biological parameters were analysed five years later.Results showed that all soil biochemical properties as well as vegetation cover and richness were higher in treated soils than in the untreated contaminated plots(control),although organic matter,pH values and extractable metals concentrations were similar among treatments.Soluble cadmium and zinc were lower in the amended plots than in control.As a general pattern,soil amended with pig manure showed higher values of most biochemical properties compared to sewage sludge application,while the doses did not have a great effect,being only significant for β-glucosidase,phosphodiesterase and arylsulfatase.Significant correlations were found between vegetation cover,richness and soil biochemical properties,suggesting a high interdependence between plant colonization and reactivation of biogeochemical cycles during five years.This study confirms the high effectiveness of an initial application of the amendments tested to initialize the recovery of ecosystems in bare mine soils under Mediterranean semiarid conditions.This research also shows the high sensitivity of certain biochemical properties in order to evaluate soil quality and reactivation of nutrients cycles in reclaimed mine soils. 相似文献
5.
施用碱稳定固体的酸性土壤的Cu和Zn的形态分布 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
LUO Yong-Ming 《土壤圈》2002,12(2):165-170
Fractionation of metals in a granite-derived acid sandy loam soil amended with alkaline-stabilised sewagesIudge biosolids was conducted in order to assess metal bioavailability and environmental mobility soil solution was extracted by a centrifugation and filtration technique. Metal speciation in the soil solution wasdetermined by a cation exchange resin method. Acetic acid and EDTA extracting solutions were used forextraction of metals in soil solid surfaces. Metal distribution in different fractions of soil solid phase was determined using a three-step sequential extraction scheme. The results show that the metals in the soilsolution existed in different fractions with variable lability and metals in the soil solid phase were also presentin various chemical forms with potentially different bioavail ability and environmental mobility Alkaline-stabilised biosolids could elevate solubility of Cu and proportion of Cu in organically complexed fractionsboth in soil liquid and solid phases, and may therefore increase Cu mobility. In contrast, the biosolids lowered the concentrations of water-soluble Zn (labile fraction) and exchangeable Zn and may hence decrease bioavailability and mobility of Zn. However, Fe and Mn oxides bound and organic matter bound fractions are likely to be Zn pools in the sludge-amended soil. These consequences possibly result from the liming effect and metal speciation of the sludge product and the difference in the chemistry between the metals in soil. 相似文献
6.
聚环氧琥珀酸对污泥中镉的萃取作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA), as an environmental benign biodegradable chelant, was used to remove heavy metals from the sewage sludge of Shanghai Taopu Wastewater Treatment Plant. The extraction of cadmium (Cd) from sewage sludge using aqueous solution of PESA was studied. It was found that PESA was capable of extracting Cd from the sludge, and the extraction efficiency was dependent on both pH and the concentration of the chelating reagent. The extraction efficiency decreased gradually with increasing of pH, whereas the dependency on pH decreased as the concentration of PESA increased. In the case of the high PESA to total metal ratio, e.g., 10:1, the extraction efficiency reached above 70% within the pH range from 1 to 7. The highest extraction efficiency obtained in the experiment was 78％. By comparing the contents of the heavy metals in sewage sludge before and after the extraction, it was found that the extracted Cd came mainly from the four fractions: acid-soluble, reducible, oxidizable, and water-soluble fractions. 相似文献
7.
Knowledge about heavy metal release from industrial solid wastes(ISWs) is crucial for better management of their environmental risks. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of organic and inorganic acids, clay minerals, and nanoparticles(NPs) on the release of heavy metals from sugar factory waste, ceramic factory waste, leather factory waste, and stone cutting waste. The influence of the extractants on heavy metal release from these ISWs was in the following descending order: citric acid oxalic acid nitric acid≥ sulfuric acid Ca Cl2. Addition of clay minerals and NPs as adsorbents decreased heavy metal release, which was significantly lower in NP-treated wastes than in the clay mineral-treated wastes. On the other hand, the presence of organic and inorganic acids increased heavy metal adsorption by NPs and clay minerals. These results suggest that NPs can be applied successfully in waste remediation,and organic and inorganic acids play an important role in the removal of heavy metals from the studied adsorbents. 相似文献
8.
Synergism and antagonism of cadmium(Cd),copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) to biological toxicities in red soil,yellow brown soil and black soil were evaluated by MICROTOX method.The relation between forms of the tested metals in soil and the synergism or antagonism between them was also studied.Results showed that owing to the difference of soil chemical properties,toxicity of these metals in soils was different.In red soil with acid reaction and low in cation exchange capacity,antagonism occurred significantly between metals when they coexisted at high concentrations,while synergism occurred only under low concentrations.It is indicated that in red soil,toxicity of metals affected by synergism or antagonism depends on concentration of the metals present.For yellow brown soil and black soil with larger cation exchange capacity and lower exchangeable aluminium(Al),no toxicity of metals was observed even if metals were added to soil in high concentrations.Synergism and antagonism between Cd,Cu and Se were controlled by the forms of metals present.The amount of water-soluble metals was the most important factor in determining synergism and antagonism. In this paper,comparisons of synergism and antagkonism between metals in soils and in water solutions were made.There occurred the synergism of metal toxicity in water solutions when the concentration of coexisting metals was high.This is just opposite to the case in soils. 相似文献
9.
四川省紫色土天然和添加的镍不同形态的分布及转化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The distribution and transformation of added and native Ni in purple soils were investigated with both sequential extraction procedure and isotopic tracer technique.The distribution of added and native Ni was greatly dependent on soil properties.Low soil pH was favorable for soluble plus exchangeable(EX) Fraction,while Fe/Mn oxides and clay for Fe/Mn oxide bound(OX) and residual(RES) fractions.The added Ni,however,has not yet reached the distribution equilibrium up to the 150th day after incubation.This was reflected in the fact that the proportion of EX fraction from added Ni was 150%-600% as much as that of native Ni,while that of RES fraction was only about 80%,Once entering soil,the applied soluble Ni was rapidly transformed into other fractions,but the organic complexe (OM) fraction of added Ni was relatively stable during incubation.The carbonate bound(CAB)fraction showed a progressive increase and attained a peak value after 0-14d of incubation and thereafter decreased gradually.The occurrence time of this peak advanced as initial soil pH increased.but the peak would disappear when initial soil pH was higher than 7.5(or containing free CaCO3).The transformation processes of the EX,OX and RES fractions could be described by Elovich and two-constant rate equations,and the rate were positively correlated with soil pH,CEC and clay.These finding could explain why there are differences in ecological and environmental effects of Ni in different soils and at various intervals. 相似文献
10.
PESA对污泥中铬的萃取研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
An environmentally benign biodegradable chelant,polyepoxysuccinic acid(PESA),was used to separate heavy metals from sewage sludge from the Shanghai Taopu Wastewater Treatment Plant,China,based on chemical extraction technology.The extraction of chromium(Cr) from sewage sludge with an aqueous solution of PESA was studied under various conditions.It was found that the extraction of Cr using PESA was more efficient than that using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(EDTA) and S,S-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid(EDDS) under similar conditions.PESA was capable of extracting Cr from the sewage sludge,and the extraction efficiency was obviously dependent on both the pH and the concentration of the chelating reagent.The extraction efficiency decreased gradually with increasing pH,and the dependence on pH decreased as the concentration of PESA increased.The extraction efficiency reached 58% under conditions of pH = 4 and a ratio of PESA to total heavy metals of 10:1.The extraction efficiency was maintained above 40% within the pH range from 1 to 7 at the high ratio of PESA to total heavy metals of 10:1.Comparing the contents of heavy metals in the sewage sludge before and after the extraction,it was found that the extracted Cr came mainly from the reducible and oxidizable fractions. 相似文献
11.
杭州市城市土壤重金属的潜在可淋洗性研究 总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23
研究了杭州市城市土壤 8个重金属元素 (Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn、Mn)的含量、形态和潜在可淋洗性。结果表明 ,该城市土壤中Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Pb、Zn和Mn均有明显的积累 ,其中Cd、Co、Cr和Ni主要以稳定的残余态为主 ,而Cu、Pb、Zn和Mn则以可提取态为主 ,因此在强还原、强酸性或有利于有机质分解条件下Cu、Pb、Zn、Mn的释放潜力较高。用荷兰能源研究中心的淋洗方法 (pH4 0 )测试表明 ,该市城市土壤的重金属可淋洗性较低 ,在一般条件下该城市土壤重金属不会有较大的释放 ,这与该城市土壤中酸可提取态重金属比例较低并含有较高的有机质及粘粒含量有关 相似文献
12.
为筛选出适宜有色金属冶炼厂周边砷镉污染土壤的复合钝化材料,通过模拟试验,研究2,4,6-三巯基均三嗪三钠(TMT)、铁盐、黏土矿物、铝基材料等材料钝化土壤Cd和As的最优复配配方。结果显示,相同实验条件下,添加C1、C2、C3三种钝化材料后,有色金属冶炼厂周边土壤酸浸出溶液中砷、镉浓度均符合了《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838-2002)Ⅳ类环境质量标准。随着时间的推移,添加1.0%的C3材料(铁盐+铝基材料+ TMT)钝化重金属砷镉效果最好。其中,砷酸浸提态含量降低率最高达到了96.95%,镉酸浸提态含量降低率最高达到了99.37%。通过形态分析可以看出C3钝化材料能使重金属砷镉的形态从可交换态、铁锰氧化物结合态慢慢向残渣态的形态转移,起到了同时钝化 As、Cd 的效果,降低了砷镉重金属的迁移能力,减少冶炼厂周边砷镉重金属污染环境风险。 相似文献
13.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(4):390-407
The To Lich and Kim Nguu Rivers, laden with untreated waste from industrial sources, serve as sources of water for irrigating vegetable farms. The purposes of this study were to identify the impact of wastewater irrigation on the level of heavy metals in the soils and vegetables and to predict their potential mobility and bioavailability. Soil samples were collected from different distances from the canal. The average concentrations of the heavy metals in the soil were in the order zinc (Zn; 204 mg kg?1) > copper (Cu; 196 mg kg?1) > chromium (Cr; 175 mg kg?1) > lead (Pb; 131 mg kg?1) > nickel (Ni; 60 mg kg?1) > cadmium (Cd; 4 mg kg?1). The concentrations of all heavy metals in the study site were much greater than the background level in that area and exceeded the permissible levels of the Vietnamese standards for Cd, Cu, and Pb. The concentrations of Zn, Ni, and Pb in the surface soil decreased with distance from the canal. The results of selective sequential extraction indicated that dominant fractions were oxide, organic, and residual for Ni, Pb, and Zn; organic and oxide for Cr; oxide for Cd; and organic for Cu. Leaching tests for water and acid indicated that the ratio of leached metal concentration to total metal concentration in the soil decreased in the order of Cd > Ni > Cr > Pb > Cu > Zn and in the order of Cd > Ni > Cr > Zn > Cu > Pb for the ethylenediaminetetraaceitc acid (EDTA) treatment. The EDTA treatment gave greater leachability than other treatments for most metal types. By leaching with water and acid, all heavy metals were fully released from the exchangeable fraction, and some heavy metals were fully released from carbonate and oxide fractions. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the vegetables exceeded the Vietnamese standards. The transfer coefficients for the metals were in the order of Zn > Ni > Cu > Cd = Cr > Pb. 相似文献
14.
Xia Bing Guo Pengran Lei Yongqian Zhang Tao Qiu Rongliang Knorr Klaus-Holger 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2016,16(2):665-676
Purpose
The pollution of marine sediments by heavy metals is still a major concern, especially in zones affected by industry or mariculture. Toxicity of sediment heavy metal contents may be assessed using sequential extraction (SE) procedures, minding inherent constraints of such approaches. In this study, we investigated heavy metal speciation and toxicity in anoxic marine sediments in Zhelin Bay, a mariculture bay in Southern China, using an SE and acid volatile sulfur-simultaneously extracted metals (AVS-SEM) approach.
Materials and methodsSpeciation of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn were studied by a modified SE of five fractions, adapted to separate organic and sulfidic metal fractions in anoxic sediments: F1 weak acid soluble (readily available), F2 reducible fraction, F3 organic matter-bound fraction, F4 sulfide-bound fraction, and F5 residually bound fraction. Toxicity predictions based on the sum of non-residual (NR) metal fractions from sequential extraction were compared to predictions based on AVS-SEM.
Results and discussionResults showed that Cd, Ni, and Pb predominantly occurred in the weak acid soluble fraction (F1), residual fraction (F5), and sulfide-bound fraction (F4), respectively; Cu and Zn were mainly obtained in F4 and F5. Based on the distribution of indicator elements for metal fractions, the SEM from AVS extraction included different yields of non-residual and residual fractions besides the sulfidic fraction. Estimates for potential heavy metal toxicity based on NR metals of the SE procedure were thus based on a better-defined speciation compared to the simplistic approach of the AVS-SEM method.
ConclusionsBased on the contents of NR metals and normalizing them by organic matter content, toxic effects are not expected for any of the sampling sites, irrespective of the presence or absence of mariculture. Using Pearson correlation analysis to identify predominant fractions influencing toxicity, we conclude that toxicity of heavy metals in anoxic sediments can be well predicted by their non-residual heavy metal contents.
相似文献15.
Andrés Rodríguez-Seijo Daniel Arenas-Lago Manoel Lago-Vila Flora A. Vega Luisa Andrade Couce 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(4):785-793
Purpose
Metal mining is the main cause of soil contamination caused by heavy metals. Mine tailings and minespoils generally offer hostile environments for plant growth due to their low nutrient availability, low organic matter content, and high trace metal content. This study was carried out with the aim of characterizing the soils that have developed on the tailings from an abandoned lead and zinc mine in Galicia (NW Spain) and determining the soil factors that limit revegetation.Materials and methods
We selected three zones: (a) the minespoils, (b) in the mining area, and (c) the settling pond, where the sludge from the flotation process was deposited. A control soil was also sampled outside of the mining area. We analyzed the physicochemical properties and metal levels in the mine spoil and soil samples we collected.Results and discussion
The results indicate that the main physical limitations of minesoils are their low effective depth, high porosity and stoniness, while the main chemical limitations are low organic matter content and low CEC and an imbalance between exchangeable cations. These minesoils are strongly affected by high Zn and Pb levels which hinder revegetation.Conclusions
As high concentrations of toxic trace elements and a high pH are important factors in limiting the plant growth, the restoration procedure must overcome the oxidation processes by adding organic amendments that also contribute towards fixing heavy metals or by implanting spontaneous vegetation adapted to the mine conditions, such as common broom (Cytisus scoparius) or white birch (Betula celtiberica). 相似文献16.
海南岛砖红壤中铅、镉的化学形态与转化 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用土培实验和连续提取.原子吸收分光光度法,研究了重金属Pb、Cd在海南岛花岗岩砖红壤中的形态组成、外源Pb、Cd污染及化学修复剂磷、钙、硫对土壤重金属形态的影响.结果表明:在供试原土壤中,重金属Pb的化学形态以结合态和残余态为主,土壤有效态Pb含量较低,其中残余态Pb>有机质结合态Pb>铁锰氧化物结合态Pb>碳酸盐结合态Pb>交换态Pb>水溶态Pb,说明土壤Pb的环境风险较低;重金属Cd的化学形态以铁锰氧化物结合态和碳酸盐结合态为主,土壤中交换态Cd含量较高,其中铁锰氧化物结合态Cd>碳酸盐结合态Cd>交换态Cd>有机结合态Cd>残余态Cd>水溶态Cd,说明土壤Cd的环境风险较高.当外源Pb、Cd污染土壤时,有铁锰结合态Pb>残余态Pb>有机态Pb>碳酸盐结合态Pb>交换态Pb>水溶态Pb,交换态Cd>铁锰氧化物结合态Cd>碳酸盐结合态Cd>残余态Cd>有机态Cd>水溶态Cd的趋势.向污染土壤施加化学改良剂过磷酸钙、硫化钠和石灰,能显著降低水溶态Pb、Cd和交换态Pb、Cd的含量,并使有机结合态Pb、碳酸盐结合态Pb和铁锰氧化物结合态Pb含量下降,但残余态Pb、碳酸盐结合态Cd、铁锰氧化物结合态Cd和有机态Cd有增加的趋势,残余态Cd的含量基本稳定. 相似文献
17.
泉州走马埭典型土壤重金属的赋存形态分析 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
采用改进的Tessier连续萃取方法研究了泉州走马埭国家农田示范保护区典型土壤中重金属(Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb)的化学形态分布,通过土壤重金属的赋存形态分析比较了6种重金属的生物可利用性。研究结果表明,土壤中不同重金属元素化学形态分布具有不同的特点:Cr和Ni主要以残渣态存在,其余形态所占的比例很小;Cu以残渣态含量最高,碳酸盐结合态含量最低;Zn以残渣态为主,可交换态含量最低;Cd以可交换态和碳酸盐结合态为主,水溶态含量最低;Pb以残渣态和铁锰氧化物结合态为主,水溶态含量最低。土壤中除Cd外,Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb、Ni在正常自然条件下相对比较稳定。 相似文献
18.
Background Aims, and Scope. Reducing heavy metal solubility and bioavailability in contaminated area without removing them from the
soil is one of the common practices in decreasing the negative impacts on the environment and improving the soil quality.
Therefore, our aim was to study the effect of clay minerals: Na-bentonite, Ca-bentonite, and zeolite applied to a contaminated
soil on immobilization of heavy metals, as well as on some soil parameters related with microbial activity.
Methods A soil derived from sewage sludge was incubated with clay minerals of either Na-bentonite, Ca-bentonite, or zeolite for 111
days (d). During the incubation experiment, concentrations of water soluble Zn, Cd, Cu, and Ni were measured after extraction
of 2 g air-dry soil with 50 ml of H2O for 2 h. After the water extraction, the soil sediment was extracted with 50 ml of 1
M NH4NO3 for 2 h to estimate the exchangeable amounts of heavy metals. Furthermore, soil microbial respiration, microbial
biomass C, Corg mineralization, metabolic quotient (qCO2), and inorganic N were also investigated.
Results and Discussion Water extractable and exchangeable forms of heavy metals were changed by incubation and addition of clay minerals. Incubation
of soil without addition of clay minerals (control) increased water extractable Cu by 12, 24 and 3.8% of initial content after
21, 62, and 111 d of incubation, respectively. The water extractable Zn decreased by 9% during 62 d of incubation and it tended
to increase by 14% at the end of the incubation, as compared with the initial soil. Water extractable Cd decreased by 71,
66 and 33% of initial content, and Ni decreased by 54, 70, and 58%, after 21, 62, and 111 d of incubation, respectively. During
the incubation experiment, the exchangeable form of all tested metals was decreased by incubation. The addition of clay minerals
led to a significant decrease in water soluble and exchangeable forms of heavy metals during the incubation experiment, resulting
in low metal extractability. The reduction in metal extractability was greater due to the addition of Na-bentonite or Ca-bentonite
than that due to the addition of zeolite. During the first 3 weeks after addition of clay minerals, the studied biological
parameters were not affected. However, as incubation progressed, the addition of Na- or Ca- bentonite led to a significant
increase in soil respiration, microbial biomass C, Corg mineralization, and inorganic N; and a significant decrease in qCO2.
This result is explained by sorption of heavy metals on Na-bentonite and Ca-bentonite and strong reduction of their toxicity.
Conclusions Our results clearly show that the addition of clay minerals, especially of Na-bentonite and Ca-bentonite, decreased the extractability
of four metals during incubation. The decreased metal extractability was accompanied by an increase of soil respiration, Corg
mineralization, microbial biomass C, and inorganic N and a decrease of metabolic quotient (qCO2), showing positive effect
of clay mineral addition on soil biological parameters.
Recommendations and Outlook The use of Na-bentonite and Ca-bentonite is promising tool for reduction the extractability and possible toxicity of heavy
metals in sewage sludge-contaminated soil. Therefore, the soils polluted with heavy metals may be ameliorated by addition
of clay minerals, especially Na-bentonite and Ca-bentonite. 相似文献
19.
重金属高污染农田土壤EDTA淋洗条件初探 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
通过室内振荡淋洗试验研究了乙二胺四乙酸二钠(EDTA)浓度、淋洗时间、液固比、淋洗次数对甘肃省白银市某高污染农田土壤中重金属去除效果的影响,并测定了EDTA淋洗前后土壤中重金属形态的变化。结果表明：淋洗剂浓度和液固比越高、淋洗时间越长、淋洗次数越多,对重金属的去除效果越好。在EDTA浓度为5 mmol/L、液固比为2.5、连续振荡淋洗3次、每次1 h时,对土壤中Cd、Cu、Pb、Zn 4种重金属的总去除率分别为 55.2%、21.9%、19.3% 和20.9%,其中Cd 淋洗效率最高。EDTA对土壤中交换态、碳酸盐结合态和铁锰氧化物结合态重金属的去除效果明显,但不能有效去除有机及硫化物态和残余态土壤重金属。 相似文献