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1.
鉴定山竹蒂腐病的病菌,并对该病菌的生物学特性进行研究。根据病菌的培养性状、形态特征、寄主范围和致病性等特性,认为引起山竹蒂腐病的病原菌为可可球二孢菌(Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.)。该菌菌丝生长的温度范围为10～40℃,最适为28～32℃;孢子萌发的温度范围为5～40℃,最适为28～32℃;在pH值3～11该菌均能生长,最适pH值为5～7;在全光照条件下,该菌菌丝生长最快;在供试碳源中,仅D-木糖不利于该菌菌丝生长,其它7种碳源对菌丝生长的影响无显著差异;在供试氮源中,牛肉 相似文献
2.
芒果可可球二孢蒂腐病菌生物学培养特性 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
对芒果可可球二孢蒂腐病菌(Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat.)的生物学培养特性进行了研究.结果表明:菌丝生长最适温度30℃;孢子萌发最适温度30℃;菌丝生长最适pH值5～6,孢子萌发最适pH值7～10;菌丝生长的最佳碳源是棉子糖、葡萄糖,最佳氮源是牛肉浸膏、蛋白胨:光照及振荡培养对菌丝生长无显著影响;菌丝的致死温度为60℃,30 min或65℃,10 min,孢子的致死温度50℃,15min. 相似文献
3.
火龙果镰刀菌果腐病病原菌鉴定及生物学特性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用形态学特征观察、rDNA-ITS序列、EF-1α序列比对和系统发育树分析的方法对引起火龙果镰刀菌果腐病病原菌进行鉴定,并初步研究其生物学特性。结果表明:引起火龙果镰刀菌果腐病是单隔镰刀菌(Fusarium dimerum Penzig in Saccardo),这是该菌引起火龙果果腐病在国内的首次报道。该菌菌丝生长的适宜温度25~35℃,最适温度30℃,适宜产孢温度25~35℃,最适产孢温度30~35℃,致死温度75℃(10 min);适宜pH5~9,最适pH7,最适产孢pH4;连续光照、D-果糖为碳源、牛肉膏和蛋白胨为氮源时最有利于该菌菌丝生长;完全黑暗、D-半乳糖为碳源、尿素为氮源时最有利于该菌产孢。综合分析认为,该菌耐高温,光照充足、弱酸和富含有机营养的环境有利于该菌的生长和繁殖。 相似文献
4.
杧果畸形病病原菌的生物学特性的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
杧果畸形病(Mango malformation disease)是世界各个杧果产区的重要病害。对发生在中国的杧果畸形病病原菌(Fusarium proliferatum)的生物学特性进行了初步研究。结果表明,病原菌生长的最适温度为24℃,最适pH为10;孢子萌发最适温度为24℃,最适pH值为5。病原菌能够利用试验的各种碳源和氮源,碳源以果糖最好,氮源以蛋白胨最好。连续光照处理菌丝生长速率高于交替光照或持续黑暗处理。分生孢子的致死温度为55℃,20min或者60℃,5min。 相似文献
5.
杧果畸形病（Mango malformation disease）是世界各个杧果产区的重要病害。对发生在中国的杧果畸形病病原菌（Fusarium proliferatum）的生物学特性进行了初步研究。结果表明,病原菌生长的最适温度为24 ℃,最适pH为10;孢子萌发最适温度为24 ℃,最适pH值为5。病原菌能够利用试验的各种碳源和氮源,碳源以果糖最好,氮源以蛋白胨最好。连续光照处理菌丝生长速率高于交替光照或持续黑暗处理。分生孢子的致死温度为55 ℃,20 min或者60 ℃,5 min。 相似文献
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7.
甘蔗赤腐病菌生物学特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对采集的甘蔗赤腐病典型病叶进行了病原菌的分离与鉴定,进而对该病菌进行了致病性及基础生物学特性测试.结果表明:甘蔗赤腐病由Colletotrichum falcatum引起;生物学特性结果表明,该菌在燕麦片和Richards培养基生长最好;菌丝体生长最适温度为25 ～30℃;适宜pH 6～8;而光照条件对病原菌的生长影响并不明显:该菌分生孢子的致死温度为60℃,10 min.本研究为甘蔗赤腐病的合理预测和科学防治提供了理论依据. 相似文献
8.
玉米苗枯病菌生物学特性及药剂防治研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对引起玉米苗枯病的主要致病菌-串珠镰刀菌生物学特性进行了研究,并进行了药剂的初步筛选。结果表明,该菌菌丝生长的适宜温度范围在25～30℃,最适温度为30℃;分生孢子萌发的最适温度为30℃。菌丝生长的pH值适宜范围在6.5～12,以pH7.5时分生孢子萌发率最高。该菌在PDA、YA和PSA培养基上菌丝生长速率较快。病菌对麦芽糖、葡萄糖和对牛肉膏的利用好于其它碳源和氮源。供试的7种药剂中2.5%适乐时对玉米苗枯病菌菌丝生长抑制作用最强,盆栽防效试验以2.5%适乐时1∶350包衣效果最好。 相似文献
9.
玉米穗腐病样本中温和镰孢菌的鉴定及其生物学特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确引起玉米穗腐病的一种不常见镰孢菌病原菌及其生物学特性，对采集的镰孢菌穗腐病样本进行病原菌分离和纯化，并通过柯赫氏法则（Koch''s Rule）、形态学特征和分子生物学技术对菌株进行鉴定。结果表明，分离到的菌株ZBSF002为温和镰孢菌（Fusarium temperatum），是玉米穗腐病的致病菌。对其生物学特性研究表明，温和镰孢菌的最适碳源是可溶性淀粉，最适氮源是酵母浸粉，生长温度范围为10℃~35℃，最适温度为30℃。在pH值为4~11的培养基上均能生长和产孢，在pH值7~10培养基上菌丝生长较快且产孢量较大。光照对菌丝生长和产孢量影响不显著，菌株在光照、黑暗、交替光照3种培养条件下均能生长和产孢，连续光照条件下菌丝生长较快，且产孢量较大。病原菌菌丝和分生孢子致死温度为65℃、10 min。 相似文献
10.
油菜黑胫病菌（Leptosphaeria biglobosa）生物学特性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解我国油菜黑胫病病原菌（Leptosphaeria biglobosa）的生物学特性,在实验室里研究了温度、pH值、光照、碳源及氮源等条件对该病菌营养生长及分生孢子产生的影响。结果表明：病原菌在5℃～35℃均可进行营养生长并产孢,最适生长和产孢温度为25℃;在pH4～10的范围内该菌均能生长并产孢,在pH7的条件下生长最快,产孢最多。光暗交替有利于菌丝生长和产孢,而持续光照不利于菌丝生长,尤其不利于产孢。最适的碳源、氮源分别是可溶性淀粉、牛肉膏。分生孢子的致死温度为52℃。 相似文献
11.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
17.
Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
18.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
19.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
20.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献