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1.
不同除草剂加倍玉米单倍体的效率 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
通过比较3种除草剂加倍玉米单倍体的效率,提出了利用除草剂加倍玉米单倍体的新方法。以先玉335、中农大4号和8607×8609三个基因型诱导的单倍体籽粒为材料,利用20、40、80和160 μmol L-1浓度的甲基胺草磷、炔苯酰草胺和氟乐灵作为加倍药剂,在单倍体植株生长到三叶期和五叶期时,用滴心法处理幼苗,选择有花粉的单株自交,收获后调查果穗加倍率;采用细胞学方法观察单倍体的染色体数目和花粉的活性。结果表明,20~160 μmol L-1的3种除草剂对玉米单倍体加倍均有效果,加倍率在3.42%~26.32%之间。甲基胺草磷、炔苯酰草胺和氟乐灵的加倍率分别为4.29%~26.32%、3.85%~20.81%和3.42%~17.61%;其中80 μmol L-1甲基胺草磷的加倍效果最佳,使用80 μmol L-1甲基胺草磷处理3个杂交种的单倍体,平均加倍率分别为25.02%、20.13%和14.99%。方差分析表明,3个基因型间的单倍体加倍率均呈极显著差异,可见使用甲基胺草磷、炔苯酰草胺、氟乐灵可以提高玉米单倍体的加倍频率,但不同基因型单倍体对除草剂的敏感性存在差异。 相似文献
2.
不同除草剂配方组合对直播稻田抗药性杂草控制作用评价 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为了明确不同除草剂配方组合防除直播稻田抗药性杂草的情况,于2009-2010年在洞庭湖稻区进行了田间试验。结果表明：处理后45天,二次使用二氯喹啉酸对稗草的株防效和鲜重防效仅分别为53.1%和65.5%,表明该稻区稗草对二氯喹啉酸已产生抗药性。两年的试验结果显示,除草剂配方组合1、2、3对抗药性稗草及其群落具有优良的防效,均在90%以上。通过两年的田间试验研究发现洞庭湖稻区稻田稗草对二氯喹啉酸已产生抗药性,试验中采用的3个除草剂配方组合在不同年份轮换使用,可避免或延缓新的抗药性杂草发生,具有良好的推广应用前景。 相似文献
3.
In a field trial involving four tepary lines (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray), NE#8A and NE#19 produced higher grain yield than NE#5 and NE#7 under both well watered and drought conditions. However, NE#8A is considered more resistant than NE#19 in terms of drought sensitivity index. Greenhouse investigations on intact plants indicated no differences among the four lines in leaf and stem dry mass, and leaf area. Root depth did not strictly differentiate lower‐yielding from higher‐yielding lines. In contrast to lower‐yielding lines, however, plants of higher‐yielding ones allocated greater dry matter (DM) in roots in response to imposed water stress. Distinctly, NE#19 had the greatest root : shoot (R : S) while NE#8A characterized by high net photosynthesis. Both NE#8A and NE#19 showed reduced leaf area : root dry mass ratio, stomata conductance and transpiration rate. Consequently, these two lines showed no significant changes in leaf relative water content while photosynthetic water‐use‐efficiency increased in response to water stress. Calli derived from leaf and root tissues of higher‐yielding lines exhibited low initial osmotic potential (ψs). These calli did not show alterations in ψs, DM% and relative growth rate (RGR) when subjected to water stress. Although leaf‐ and root‐derived calli of lower‐yielding lines exhibited osmotic adjustment, they suffered water stress in terms of elevated DM and reduced RGR. Overall, results suggest that dehydration‐avoidance mechanisms conditioned by increased root mass and stomata resistance accompanied with low initial cellular ψs sustained high grain yield of tepary under limited water supply. 相似文献
4.
Primary Growth Parameters of Three Alfalfa Cultivars Adapted to Highland Climatic Conditions 
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下载免费PDF全文 An irrigated field study was conducted to determine the relative importance and inter‐relationships of growth parameters of three dormant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars grown in the highlands of Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, in 2000–2003. The fast‐growing cultivar Savas had the greatest dry matter (DM) yield at the final sampling date with the greatest mean crop growth rate. In addition to a greater relative growth rate (RGR), this cultivar had more stem branching and greater leaf area in the canopy, which resulted in greater leaf area index (LAI) and greater leaf area duration. Despite the considerable increase in leaf area ratio (LAR: leaf area per unit shoot DM), the reduction in RGR of all cultivars over time was the result of a large decline in net assimilation rate (NAR) due to increasing specific leaf area (SLA). Intracultivar variation in the RGR of alfalfa is mainly determined by NAR and SLA, and both were significantly higher for Savas than the other two cultivars. The relative importance of NAR and SLA to RGR changed due to increasing self‐shading as the LAI of the canopy increased, creating a trade‐off between NAR and SLA. 相似文献
5.
Inheritance process for β-glucan content in oat caryopsis
Due to the fact that there are only few studies concerning β-glucans in oat caryopsis with regard to plant-breeding aspects, three oat crosses were performed (cross 19 = low × high, cross 86 = low × low, cross 98 = high × high). In all of the three oat crosses, lower β-glucan content (% DM) was recorded in F, than in F, indicating that the β-glucan content (% DM) at a higher heterozygoty grade is lower than at a reduced heterozygoty grade. This points to a dominant inheritance of lower β-glucan content (% DM). A tendency towards the female β-glucan content (% DM) could not be proven. Thus, it can be started from a nuclear genetic inheritance of the β-glucan content (% DM). In most cases, the experiments showed a normal distribution of β-glucan content (% DM), indicating for several genes a quantitative inheritance of β-glucan content (% DM). By means of the regression of the F3 -lines to the F2 -plants, the narrow-sense heritability could be calculated for the cross 86 (h2 = 0.51***) and the cross 98 (h2 = 0.48***). The heritability for the cross 19 was not significant. 相似文献
Due to the fact that there are only few studies concerning β-glucans in oat caryopsis with regard to plant-breeding aspects, three oat crosses were performed (cross 19 = low × high, cross 86 = low × low, cross 98 = high × high). In all of the three oat crosses, lower β-glucan content (% DM) was recorded in F, than in F, indicating that the β-glucan content (% DM) at a higher heterozygoty grade is lower than at a reduced heterozygoty grade. This points to a dominant inheritance of lower β-glucan content (% DM). A tendency towards the female β-glucan content (% DM) could not be proven. Thus, it can be started from a nuclear genetic inheritance of the β-glucan content (% DM). In most cases, the experiments showed a normal distribution of β-glucan content (% DM), indicating for several genes a quantitative inheritance of β-glucan content (% DM). By means of the regression of the F
6.
旨在更加科学地筛选高粱育种田除草剂种类及使用时间,为高粱育种田的管理提供理论依据。以6种高粱种质和3种除草剂为试验材料,用方差分析法测得适合夏播高粱育种田使用的除草剂及其使用时间。结果表明：T3对出苗率影响较小,各种质平均出苗率为94.32%。处理间药害分析,T6最重,平均达3.87%,与其他比较,差异均达极显著水平,T2无药害,T4较轻,平均为0.13%。种质间分析,苗前处理产生的药害差异较大,非杂交种药害较重,平均值1.44%,显著高于杂交种的1.07%。所有处理的防草效果均比较理想,T6除草效果最佳,各种质间的草害平均值为0.11%。综合分析,T4处理既可以有效防治田间杂草,又对各种质产生的药害较轻。 相似文献
7.
不同Zn2+活度对水稻根和叶生长生理特性的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在营养液水培条件下,研究了不同Zn2+活度((pZn2+9.7, pZn2+11.0和pZn2+> 11.5 )对水稻根叶的生长发育和若干生理特性的影响。结果表明：低Zn2+活度下,对水稻秧苗的出叶速度减慢,但不同基因型间存在明显差异,极度缺锌(pZn2+>11.5)时,敏感品种只生长3.5叶,而耐低锌品种生长4.5叶左右;轻度缺锌或缺锌初期叶绿素含量上升和 相似文献
8.
B. Sasmal 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1987,159(4):260-263
The direct and indirect contributions of root characters — root length, roots/plant, fresh and dry root weight on grain yield/plant were worked out from a 7 × 7 diallel set of rice hybrids. The materials were grown in pots with four replications. Path analysis was done at genotypic level of correlation.
The grain yield/plant showed positive correlation with all the root characters in parent, F1 and F2 except with roots/plant in F1 population. Fresh root weight demonstrated positive direct effect on grain yield/plant in all the three generations. Roots/plant had highly positive direct effect in F2 . Direct effects were negative in respect of root length and dry root weight in F2 generation. 相似文献
The grain yield/plant showed positive correlation with all the root characters in parent, F
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10.
为探究大气CO2浓度倍增对宁夏枸杞根区土壤微环境的影响,以宁夏枸杞为试验材料,用开顶气室模拟控制CO2浓度测得在大气CO2浓度倍增处理下根区土壤微生物数量与土壤酶活性的变化。大气CO2浓度倍增处理降低真菌数量,增加细菌、放线菌数量。0.5倍增CO2浓度处理下宁夏枸杞根区土壤过氧化氢酶和转化酶的活性较对照分别提高24.74%和23.71%,脲酶活性和多酚氧化酶活性降低0.45%和15.29%;1倍增处理下土壤3种酶的活性较对照分别提高55.74%,23.07%,44.60%,而多酚氧化酶降低24.94%。通径分析表明,真菌数量对脲酶活性影响力最大,而细菌数量对过氧化氢酶活性影响力最强。大气CO2浓度倍增宁夏枸杞根区土壤微生物数量与酶活性的相关性增强,其中真菌数量和细菌数量与脲酶呈显著负相关,放线菌数量在0.5倍增处理下与脲酶呈显著负相关。大气CO2浓度倍增处理使宁夏枸杞根区土壤细菌、放线菌数量增加且可提高土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶和转化酶的活性。 相似文献
11.
为筛选出耐盐性较高的甜菜品种,营养液培养33份甜菜幼苗,并进行盐胁迫处理。通过比较这些材料处理组与对照组幼苗的根长、株高等指标,对甜菜种质资源苗期的耐盐性进行综合评价。结果表明：（1）盐胁迫对甜菜幼苗根的影响最大,对SPAD值影响最小,对株高、植株鲜重和地上部鲜重3个指标影响一般。（2）最终将33个供试材料分为3类：第1类为耐盐材料,包括‘54338’、‘FLORES’、‘44581’等19个材料;第2类为敏盐材料,包括‘52212-1’、‘2928’、‘54303’等6个材料;第3类为耐盐性一般的材料,包括‘44176’、‘28010’、‘KUHN1387’等8个材料。研究结果可为甜菜的耐盐处理研究和耐盐育种提供材料基础。 相似文献
12.
不同密度对棉花根系生长与分布的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用根钻挖掘法研究了大田条件下6个种植密度对棉花根系生长分布的影响。结果表明：1.5万～8.7万株·hm-2密度水平根干物质质量密度、根长密度在吐絮之前持续增加,而10.5万株·hm-2处理在盛铃期后出现下降。在盛蕾期至初花期,棉花根干物质质量密度、根长密度均随种植密度的增加而增大;在盛花期至吐絮初期,根干物质质量密度以3.3万株·hm-2处理最高,3.3万～10.5万株·hm-2处理根长密度显著高于1.5万株·hm-2。根系垂直分布结果表明,0～30 cm土层内的根干物质质量和根长分别占所测土体中根量的67.80%～97.44%和54.01%～93.33%。低密度处理（1.5万株·hm-2、3.3万株·hm-2）的浅层（0～20 cm）根干物质质量密度和根长密度在盛蕾期均低于其它处理,深层（30～60 cm）根干物质质量密度和根长密度在初花期至盛铃期低于其它处理。吐絮初期,各密度处理根长密度在深层土壤有显著差异。 相似文献
13.
ZHANG Dong-Dong LIU Tao GAO Tong-Guo JIANG Jun-Po LEI Bai-Shi WANG Shi-Ying ZHU Bao-Cheng 《棉花学报》2013,25(6):510-516
The first step in the biological control of plant diseases is to determine whether antagonistic microorganisms can colonize successfully the plant rhizosphere soil. Bacillus Z-5 was isolated from cotton plant soil and showed a significant biocontrol effect on cotton Verticillium wilt. The strain Z-5 was marked with resistance to rifampicin and pathogenic fungi. A Z-5 mutant strain that could stably grow in 300 μg·mL-1 rifampicin NA medium and had wild-type antagonistic activity against pathogen fungi, colony morphology, and cell morphology was selected. The marked strain Z-5 was used to treat cotton seeds by seed soaking, seed dressing, and soil drench. The number of Z-5 cells in cotton plant root soil, roots, stems, and leaves was tested using dilution on rifampicin plate after different periods. The result showed that the number of antagonistic bacteria of soil drench group in cotton plant root soil was 49.72×104 cfu·g-1, while seed soaking and seed dressing groups yielded about 0.49×104 and 2.07×104 cfu·g-1. The number of antagonistic bacteria of the soil drench group in cotton plant roots was 4.93×104 cfu·g-1, while the seed soaking and seed dressing group yielded 4.12×104 and 3.29×104 cfu·g-1.The number of antagonistic bacteria of the soil drench group in cotton stems was 1.32×104 cfu·g-1, while the seed soaking and seed dressing group yielded 0.17×104 and 0.74×104 cfu·g-1. The number of antagonistic bacteria of soil drench group in cotton leaves was 0.27×104 cfu·g-1, while seed soaking and seed dressing group yielded 0.17×104 and 0.22×104 cfu·g-1. These results showed that the Z-5 strain could effectively colonize cotton roots soil and that in vivo , the soil drench group showed a better colonization effect by the strain Z-5 than the seed soaking and seed dressing group. 相似文献
14.
磷锌配施对油菜养分吸收和土壤有效磷、锌的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了研究磷锌配施对油菜养分吸收和土壤有效磷、锌的影响.采用盆栽试验,测定植株及土壤的养分浓度,根据测定结果进行分析.施用磷肥显著增加油菜的生物量,过量施用磷肥油菜生物量无显著影响;施锌对油菜的生物量无显著影响.增施磷肥显著增加油菜地上部和根中全磷;施用锌肥,油菜地上部和根中全磷无显著变化.增施磷肥显著降低了油菜地上部和根锌的浓度.施用锌肥,油菜地上部和根中锌浓度均显著上升.施磷对土壤有效锌无显著影响;施用锌肥显著增加了土壤有效锌,且随施锌量的增加而增加.施磷显著增加了土壤Olsen-P浓度;施锌不影响土壤Olsen-P浓度.随着施磷量的增加,土壤碱性磷酸酶、酸性磷酸酶及中性磷酸酶活性均逐渐下降.随着锌用量的增加,碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶活性呈先增加后降低的趋势;中性磷酸酶活性施锌后比不施锌处理显著增加,但随着锌用量的增加中性磷酸酶活性无显著变化.过量施用磷肥降低油菜体内锌浓度,施锌显著提高了土壤有效锌的浓度,改善了植株体内的锌营养状况. 相似文献
15.
玉米花期高温响应的基因型差异及其生理机制 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
倒伏是制约旱种水稻大面积推广的主要因素之一。以籼型杂交稻汕优63和粳稻9516为材料,研究了旱种水稻倒伏的原因及其机理。结果表明,与水种相比,旱种水稻的倒伏率明显高,结实率和粒重明显降低,产量明显降低。自抽穗至成熟,旱种水稻基部节间强度(厚度、单位长度重量)、碳水化合物(尤其是淀粉)含量低于常规水种稻,α-淀粉酶活性明显高于水种稻。水稻基部节间淀粉含量与节间厚度和单位长度重量呈极显著正相关,与α-淀粉酶活性呈显著或极显著负相关。淀粉输出与α-淀粉酶活性呈显著或极显著正相关。施用硅、钾肥能降低旱种水稻基部节间α-淀粉酶活性,提高基部节间淀粉含量,增强基部节间强度,大幅度降低倒伏率,提高旱种水稻的结实率和粒重,从而提高产量。孕穗期去1/2叶,效果则相反。表明在旱种条件下,水稻基部节间α-淀粉酶活性高,促进了节间贮存淀粉的降解,降低了基部节间强度,造成旱种水稻的倒伏。 相似文献
16.
D. G. Stout 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1998,180(1):39-43
The effect of very high sowing rates on establishment year dry matter (DM) yield and stand persistence of irrigated lucerne ( Medicago sativa L.) was studied. Two cultivars ('Peace' and 'Apollo II') were sown in 1986 at two row spacings and six sowing rates from 5.6 to 50.4 kg ha−1 . Established seedling density (Sd ) increased linearly with sowing rate (R):Sd = 24.1R. Establishment year DM yield increased at sowing rates from 5.6 to 16.8 kg ha−1 , levelled off as sowing rate increased to 33.6 ka ha−1 , and then decreased as sowing rate increased further. Thus, there was a broad optimum sowing rate that gave a maximum sowing year DM yield. Percent plant survival to the third year (1988) decreased with increasing sowing rate so that plant densities became similar for sowing rates greater than 16.8 kg ha−1 . Within the range 5.6 to 16.8 kg ha−1 , increasing sowing rate increased stand persistence measured as 1988 plant density; however, a corresponding increase in DM yield was not obtained. For all full-production years, DM yield was independent of sowing rate. Sowing rate did not affect three chemical measures of forage quality. 相似文献
17.
尾巨桉幼苗根系分布及生物量特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨不同肥料种类、施肥量对尾巨桉1年生幼苗根系生长的影响,为桉树生态经营提供科学依据,采用4因素3水平进行正交试验,4因素为氮肥、磷肥、钾肥和桉树专用肥,3水平为磷肥2 g、6 g、12 g,氮肥、钾肥和桉树专用肥为1 g、3 g和6 g。对尾巨桉根系采取全根挖掘法,测定根系垂直分布和水平分布范围,称其鲜质量,进行生物量测定,统计分析数据。结果表明：（1）对尾巨桉根系垂直分布范围影响最大的为磷肥,其他3种肥料对其分布的影响差异不显著,远小于磷肥的影响。各种施肥根系的垂直分布为32~57 cm;（2）对尾巨桉根系水平分布范围最大的为桉树专用肥。根系水平分布为57~86 cm;（3）对尾巨桉根尖数量影响最大的为氮肥,是最主要因素,其他3种影响相差不大。根尖数量为47~71个;（4）对尾巨桉根系1级侧根的根长影响最大的为桉树专用肥,是最主要因素。根系1级侧根的根长范围15.2~30.5 cm;（5）根系直径在0~2.0 mm、2.1~5.0 mm、5.1~10.0 mm及大于10.1 mm的根系生物量分别为0.879~2.718 g、2.141~3.663 g、0.841~7.268 g和5.179~17.628 g,呈现出随根系直径增加而递增的趋势;（6）不同施肥处理根系总生物量达14.739~29.336 g。施磷肥对尾巨桉根系总生物量的影响最显著。 相似文献
18.
花生自毒物质降解菌的筛选及其降解效果初步研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
为了能够有效抑制花生连作障碍中自毒物质对花生的危害,利用选择性培养基筛选用于降解花生自毒物质苯甲酸的菌株,研究其降解与拮抗效果。采用以苯甲酸为唯一碳源,逐渐提高苯甲酸浓度的驯化方法。筛选到3株能够高效降解苯甲酸的菌株,降解率分别为95.32%,91.63%和90.15%,3菌株对花生根系分泌的自毒物质均有较强的降解效果,同时3菌株对花生根腐病菌有较强的拮抗作用,盆栽试验结果表明通过施加菌剂可以有效缓解自毒物质对花生幼苗的抑制作用,增产效果显著。筛选到的3株菌株具有解毒抗菌双重功能,为今后在农业生产中有效利用菌剂进行农作物连作障碍治理和改善土壤环境,提供理论依据。 相似文献
19.
RAPD analysis of sporting and chimerism in chrysanthemum 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
Kirsten Wolff 《Euphytica》1996,88(2):159-164
Summary The potential of colchicine and the microtubule depolymerizing herbicides trifluralin, oryzalin, and amiprophosmethyl (APM) for in vitro chromosome doubling during B. napus microspore culture was studied. Colchicine was administered during the first 6, 12 or 24 h of culture with 8 different concentrations up to 3 mM, and herbicides at 6 different concentrations up to 30 M for 12 h.Treatments with moderate concentrations of colchicine (3–100 M) produced a small increase in embryo production, while concentrations above 300 M were toxic. Colchicine treatment for 12 h resulted in higher embryo production than treatment for 6 and 24 h. Duration of treatment and concentration of colchicine both had a significant effect on the chromosome doubling. The highest diploidization rates (94% diploid regenerants) were seen after 24 h treatment with 1 mM colchicine.All three herbicides were similar to colchicine in terms of their effect on embryo formation and chromosome doubling comparable to the one of colchicine, but at concentrations approximately 100 times lower. APM was less toxic than trifluralin and oryzalin, but no significant difference in chromosome doubling efficiency was detected between the compounds. The 12 h treatment resulted in a maximum of approximately 65% diploid regenerants with all three herbicides, but APM may have an advantage because of its less toxic effects. Prolonged treatment with APM (20–24 h) may produce 95–100% diploid regenerants.Abbreviations APM
amiprophos methyl
- DMSO
dimethyl sulfoxide 相似文献
20.
In this study, the effects of nitrogen (N) rate (60, 120, 180 and 240 kg N ha?1 applied in three equal dressings at seeding and after the first and second cuttings) and stubble height (7, 14 and 21 cm) on the dry matter (DM) yield, crude protein (CP) content, and CP yield of a sorghum–sudangrass hybrid [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench × Sorghum sudanense (Piper) Stapf., cv. Pioneer 988] in the three‐cut system was investigated. The N rate had no significant effect in the first and third cuttings, but in the second cutting DM yields increased significantly with increase in N rate. The highest yield of 9.1 t ha?1 was obtained with 80 kg N ha?1 for the average of 2 years at the second cutting, but no significant difference was found among the 40, 60 and 80 kg N ha?1 rates. CP content and yield were not significantly affected by N rate at the first and third cuttings, but CP content and yield were significantly affected by application of N at the second cutting. Stubble height had a significant effect on CP content at the third cutting. However, it had no significant effect on CP content at the first and second cuttings. Stubble height had a significant effect on the CP yield at the first cutting, but no significant effect on CP yield at the second and third cuttings. 相似文献