共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
F. Gil-Sotres M. C. Trasar-Cepeda C. Ciardi B. Ceccanti M. C. Leirós 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1992,13(1):25-30
Summary A number of biochemical parameters reflecting biological activity (respiration, ATP, enzyme activities) were determined in 0- to 7-year-old lignite mine soils. C (as CO2) and ATP contents and hydrolytic enzyme activities all increased with soil age. The kinetics of CO2 release showed that both labile and recalcitrant C-bearing substrates were mineralized, the mineralization constant of C decreased with soil age, but were always greater than those of native soils. The percentage of N mineralization, which tended to decrease with soil age, resulted in all cases in a predominance of ammoniacal forms. These findings suggest that since organic C and N accumulated with age in these soils, the C and N cycle is established progressively. 相似文献
2.
Enzyme activities have the potential to indicate biological functioning of soils. In this study, soil urease, dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and invertase activities and fluorescein diacetate（FDA） hydrolysis were measured in two red soils spiked with Pb^2＋ ranging from 0 to 2 400 mg kg^-1 to relate the enzyme activity values to both plant growth and the levels of available and total Pb^2＋ concentrations in soils, and to examine the potential use of soil enzymes to assess the degrees of Pb contamination. Soil samples were taken for enzyme activities assaying during 3 month’s incubation and then after planting of celery（Apium graveolens L.） and Chinese cabbage（Brassica chinensis L.）. Enzyme activities in the red soil derived from arenaceous rock（RAR） were generally lower than those in the red soil developed on Quaternary red earths（REQ）. At high Pb^2＋ loadings, in both incubation and greenhouse studies, urease activity and FDA hydrolysis were significantly inhibited. But there were no significant relationships between soil dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase or invertase activity and soil Pb^2＋ loadings in both RAR and REQ soils. The growth of celery and Chinese cabbage increased soil urease activity and FDA hydrolysis, but had minimal effect on dehydrogenase and invertase activities. There were positive correlations between celery biomass and soil urease activity and FDA hydrolysis. These results demonstrate that urease activity and FDA hydrolysis are more sensitive to Pb^2＋ than acid phosphatase, dehydrogenase and invertase activities in the RAR and REQ soils. 相似文献
3.
Hydrolytic enzyme activities in agricultural and forest soils. Some implications for their use as indicators of soil quality 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Although a great deal of information exists about the effect of land use on soil enzyme activities, much of this is contradictory and brings into question the suitability of soil enzyme activities as indicators of how land use affects soil quality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of land use on different soil biochemical properties, especially hydrolytic enzyme activities, with the aim of providing knowledge about the problems related to the use of enzymes as indicators of soil quality. The data presented derive from various studies in which a large number of soils under different types of forest or agricultural management were analysed by the same methods. All of the soil samples were characterized in terms of their main physical and chemical properties, the activity of several hydrolases, microbial biomass C and soil basal respiration. The results indicate that soil use causes a large reduction in organic matter content and that the effect on enzyme activity varies depending on the type of land use or management and the type of enzyme. Furthermore, the enzyme activities per carbon unit (specific activities) in soils affected by land use are almost always higher than in maximum quality soils (climax soils under oak vegetation or oak soils), and land use also generates greater increases in the specific activity as the C content decreases. The mechanism responsible for these increases probably involves loss of the most labile organic matter. Enzyme enrichment is not always produced to the same degree, as it varies as a function of the enzyme and the type of land use under consideration. It is concluded that the complexity of the behaviour of the soil enzymes raises doubts about the use of enzyme activities as indicators of soil degradation brought about by land use. 相似文献
4.
The soil microbial biomass (SME) content and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolytic activity in 21 acidic tea field soils in Japan were determined. SM 3 content in the tea field soils was quantitatively similar to that in 13 arable soils with neutral soil pH previously reported. However, the ratio of the SMB content to organic matter content in the tea field soils classified as red-yellow soil, brown forest soil, and lithosol was clearly lower than that in the neutral arable soils classified as non-volcanic ash soil. FDA hydrolytic activity in the tea field soils was higher than the activity in various soils with neutral soil pH and showed a negative relationship with the soil pH. 相似文献
5.
L. Beyer C. Wachendorf F. M. Balzer U. R. Balzer-Graf 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1992,13(4):242-247
Summary In Ap horizons of typical arable soils under cereals in Northwest Germany, biological activity was estimated by measuring microbial activity. Twelve soils on local farms and six soils on a research farm were analysed. Microbial biomass, dehydrogenase activity, and alkaline phosphatase activity were compared with the biological availability of P, an index describing the relationship among several P fractions that has been used in ecological agriculture. The correlation between the microbial biomass and dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activity was strong but the correlation between the biological availability of P and the enzyme activities was weak. In contrast, in the farm fields, there was a significant correlation between the microbial biomass and the biological availability of P. The correlation between the biological availability of P and pH was highly significant (r=0.65–0.93***). Explanations for these correlations are discussed and proposals for further investigations are made. (1) Is the pH effect a direct chemical one or an indirect biological one? (2) Which soil organisms affect the biological availability of P in contrast to the microbial biomass, dehydrogenase activity, and alkaline phosphatase activity? (3) Is the method suitable for the investigation of all arable soils? 相似文献
6.
太湖地区典型水稻土FDA水解酶活性的剖面分布特征 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文主要对太湖地区12个典型水稻土剖面的荧光素二乙酸酯(FDA)水解酶活性及其它相关酶活性进行了分析。耕作层的FDA水解酶活性最高,随土层加深活性明显下降,其中部分土壤在犁底层已经很难检测到其活性。部分样点的酶活性在剖面中呈明显的梯度下降趋势。高产水稻土壤表层FDA水解酶活性差异较大,在50～100g/(g.h)范围内,多数为60～80g/(g.h)。土壤酶活性最高与最低间的差异达到近一倍左右。同时FDA水解酶活性与-葡糖苷酶、脲酶、脱氢酶、酸性磷酸酶和芳基硫酸酯酶活性之间有极显著正相关关系(P0.01),与碱性磷酸酶呈显著相关(P0.05);与土壤养分指标如全氮、全磷、速效氮、有机碳之间有极显著相关性,与土壤pH呈显著负相关(P0.01)关系。 相似文献
7.
盐碱地土壤酶活性研究进展和展望 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
盐碱地是农业生产重要的后备土地资源,同时土壤盐渍化是灌溉农业生产过程中首要考虑的问题之一。近年来,越来越多的研究开始关注盐碱地改良利用过程中包括土壤生物学性质在内的土壤整体环境质量的改善。其中,土壤酶是土壤生物活动的产物,其活性水平是土壤环境质量的良好生物学指标,可以用来评价土壤退化程度及管理措施的效果和可持续性。本文总结说明了盐渍化土壤酶活性状况及盐碱胁迫机理,并对盐碱地改良利用过程中土壤酶活性的研究现状进行了综述。最后从存在问题和关注热点出发,提出了下一步的研究重点。 相似文献
8.
Lur Epelde Jos M. Becerril Javier Hernndez-Allica Oihana Barrutia Carlos Garbisu 《Applied soil ecology》2008,39(3):299-310
Continuous phytoextraction has lately drawn a lot of attention due to its potential for the remediation of metal polluted soils. Although when assessing the success of a phytoextraction process, up till now, emphasis has mostly been placed on metal removal, it is important to highlight that the ultimate objective of a phytoextraction process must be to restore soil health. Consequently, a short-term microcosm study was carried out to evaluate the capacity of an actively growing ecotype of the Zn and Cd hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens (Lanestosa ecotype) to phytoextract metals from soil and, above all, to assess the potential of soil functional diversity (through the determination of soil enzyme activities and community level physiological profiles) to both determine the toxic effect of metals on soil condition and to monitor the efficiency of a metal phytoextraction process. T. caerulescens plants grown in metal polluted soils showed a shoot metal concentration of 337 mg of Cd, 5670 mg of Zn and 76.6 mg of Pb per kg of dry weight tissue. Apart from confirming its great potential for Zn and Cd phytoextraction, the presence of T. caerulescens, as compared to the metal phytoextraction itself, had the major effect on soil biological parameters. Actually, in metal polluted soils, the presence of T. caerulescens led to a 154, 115, 140, 37 and 164% increase in the activity of β-glucosidase, arylsulphatase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and urease, respectively. Metal pollution did not cause a clear inhibition of soil enzyme activities. Contrasting results were obtained with EcoPlates™ versus soil enzyme activities. Actually, the presence of metals led to significantly lower values of Shannon's index calculated from enzyme activities and non-significant higher values of this same index when calculated from EcoPlates™ data. It was concluded that biological indicators of soil health are valid tools to evaluate the success of a metal phytoextraction process. 相似文献
9.
秦岭山脉典型林分土壤酶活性与土壤养分关系的探讨 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
秦岭作为我国南北方气候的分界线,其上生长着许多独特林分,加之未受到人为活动扰动,故对其包括土壤酶及养分等在内的土壤效应研究具有重要参比性,且可为揭示不同林分的土壤效应及筛选最优林分奠定基础。选取秦岭不同海拔生长的五种典型林分(锐齿栎、油松、华山松、云杉及松栎混交)土壤,分析了7种土壤酶活性和养分变化特征,并探讨了二者间关系及林分的影响。结果表明:不同林分下土壤养分及酶活性变化差异较大,土壤性质强烈受到林分种类及海拔等生态环境条件的影响,其中云杉土壤的有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾、缓效钾含量均较高,是秦岭山脉生长较好的树种之一;且土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮等养分变化规律较一致;土壤碱性磷酸酶、荧光素二乙酸酯(FDA)水解酶及总体酶活性(TEI)与土壤养分呈显著或极显著正相关,表明林分和海拔对这三种酶的影响与养分是一致的;采用单独土壤酶活性与土壤酶和化学性质复合开展的主成分分析结果一致,获得的综合得分与上述三种酶类达显著或极显著正相关,揭示出它们在一定程度上可表征森林土壤的质量水平,且单一酶类中土壤碱性磷酸酶活性可更容易、简便地反映土壤肥力状况的变化。 相似文献
10.
Enzyme activity and microbial biomass in a field soil amended with municipal refuse 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
P. Perucci 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》1992,14(1):54-60
Summary Changes in enzyme activity levels, in biomass-C content, and in the rate of fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis were measured in a loamy soil to which solid municipal refuse had been applied as compost over a 3-year period at two different rates. Addition of the compost caused significant increases in the activity of all enzymes tested. The increases were much higher at 90 t ha-1 year-1 than at 30 t ha-1 year-1. Significant increases were also observed in the biomass-C content and in the rate of fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis. Significant correlations among changes in biomass-C content and the rate of fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis and the changes in all enzymes tested were found.Two activity indices were calculated; a biological index of fertility and an enzyme activity number. No correlations were found between the biological index of fertility and the changes in the various enzyme activities. However, significant correlations were found either between enzyme activity number and most of the changes in enzyme activity, or between the enzyme activity number index and the biomass-C content (r=0.850). The use of a new activity index, the hydrolysis coefficient, is proposed. This coefficient was significantly correlated with biomass-C content (r=0.925) and with the enzyme activity number index (r=0.780). 相似文献
11.
Four contrasting soils were amended with glucose at concentrations up to 10 mg g?1 soil. The soils were incubated at 22°C for 14 days and the biomass determined at various times by chloroform fumigation or substrate-induced respiration. The adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content or the amylase and dehydrogenase activities were also determined. The size of the increases in biomass, ATP content and the enzyme activities was generally related to the amount of glucose added. The initially higher ATP levels quickly declined, and apparent substrate conversion figures up to 84% indicated that substrate-induced respiration overestimated the biomass. There were generally no significant correlations between ATP, biomass or enzyme activities. 相似文献
12.
13.
黄河三角洲冲积平原湿地土壤酶活性与养分相关性研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对黄河三角洲冲积平原湿地酶活性与土壤养分相关性做了研究。结果表明,随着离海距离的增加,土壤有机质及各养分表现出有规律的变化,土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶活性沿湿地演替的方向活性升高,过氧化物酶活性降低。土壤有机质和各养分与酶活性相关性达极显著和显著水平,不同土壤酶活性之间也有显著的相关性。三种酶可以作为评价黄河三角洲冲积平原湿地土壤肥力的指标。 相似文献
14.
南方红壤丘陵区土壤侵蚀-沉积作用对土壤酶活性的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
土壤酶与土壤矿质营养元素循环、能量转移等密切相关。明确土壤酶对土壤侵蚀—沉积作用的响应机制,有助于进一步把握土壤侵蚀在全球碳循环中的作用。通过分析湘中红壤丘陵区松林坡面侵蚀区及沉积区土壤酶活性的变化特征,揭示了酶活性与土壤主要养分因子之间的关系,并在此基础上深入探讨了土壤侵蚀—沉积作用对土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:沉积区绝大多数土层土壤有机碳(soil organic carbon,SOC)、全氮(total nitrogen,TN)、可溶性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶及过氧化氢酶活性均要显著高于侵蚀区。土壤沉积作用明显提高了土壤养分含量及酶活性。其次,侵蚀区与沉积区土壤养分含量及酶活性差异在侵蚀干扰较为严重的表层(0~30 cm)土壤表现较为明显,随着土壤深度的增加差异逐渐减小。侵蚀区与沉积区SOC、TN、DOC及酶活性均随土壤深度的增加呈现总体下降的趋势。相关性分析表明,土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶之间及其与SOC、TN、DOC之间均存在极显著正相关关系(p0.01)。此外,偏冗余分析结果进一步表明SOC是解释土壤酶活性动态变化的主要因子,其解释量达7.5%,侵蚀诱导SOC在坡面的再分布是影响土壤酶活性的重要途径之一。 相似文献
15.
Soil chemical, biochemical, biological and structural properties were measured in two New Zealand loessial soils that were topsoil-mined 10 and 25 years ago respectively. Measurements at the 10-year site were compared to some earlier measurements made at this site and the data combined in a chronological sequence for analysis. Topsoil mining had a large, detrimental impact on the soil microbial biomass, the earthworm populations, easily mineralizable N and soil enzyme activities. However, most of these properties substantially recovered, to 80-90 per cent of the levels in unmined soils, within 10-25 years of restoration under pasture. In contrast, while total soil C and N were less affected by topsoil mining, their recovery was much slower. Stabilities of macro-aggregates of soil had fully recovered within 10-25 years after topsoil mining. The apparent changes in all the measured properties between 10 and 25 years of restoration were small in comparison with changes between 0-10 years of restoration after topsoil mining. The total C content of both soils under pasture appeared unlikely to attain the levels present in unmined soils. In soils undergoing restoration, the ratio of microbial C/total soil C may be a useful index of soil ‘biological stability’. Sulphatase activity may reflect the recovery of pasture production. 相似文献
16.
With the increased interest in integrated soil bioecosystem studies, there is a need to have a method of measuring overall microbial activity potential. Hydrolysis of fluorescein diacetate [3′,6′-diacetylfluorescein (FDA)] has been suggested as a possible method because the ubiquitous lipase, protease, and esterase enzymes are involved in the hydrolysis of FDA. Following hydrolysis of FDA, fluorescein is released and can be measured spectrophotometrically. Our objective was to optimize the assay for FDA hydrolytic activity in soil samples and determine the kinetic parameters involved in this reaction. The optimized method involves extraction and quantitative measurement of the fluorescein released when 1.0 g of soil is incubated with 50 ml of 60 mM Na-phosphate solution (buffered at pH 7.6) at 37 °C for 3 h. Results showed that FDA hydrolysis was optimum at buffer pH 7.6 and the soil enzymes were denatured at temperatures above 60 °C. Three soils were used to optimize this method: Heiden clay, Raub silt loam, and Cecil sandy loam. This procedure is simple, precise, and can be used in commercial soil testing laboratories to determine general microbial activity and as a soil quality indicator. 相似文献
17.
M. Belén Hinojosa José A. Carreira Richard P. Dick 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2004,36(10):1559-1568
Heavy metal contamination can inhibit soil functions but it is often difficult to determine the degree of pollution or when soil reclamation is complete. Enzyme assays offer potential as indicators of biological functioning of soils. However, antecedent water content of soil samples may affect the outcome of biological measurements. In Mediterranean regions, for much of the year ‘field moist’ surface soil can have water content similar to that of air-dry samples. The objectives of this study were to: (1) determine the sensitivity of a range of enzyme assays to detect the degree of pollution from a heavy metal mine spill; (2) evaluate rewetting field-dry soil as a pre-treatment for enzyme assays; and (3) test multivariate analysis for improving discrimination between polluted, reclaimed and non-polluted soils. The Aznalcóllar mining effluent spill provided a unique opportunity to address these objectives. This accident released toxic, heavy metal-contaminated (As, Bi, Cd, Cu, Pb, Tl, Zn…) and acid tailings into the Guadiamar watershed (SW Spain) in 1998, severely affecting the riparian zone along more than 4000 ha. Contaminated soils were collected from the highly polluted upper watershed and less polluted lower watershed along with reclaimed soil at both sites. Enzyme activities (phosphatases, arylsulfatase, β-glucosidase, urease and dehydrogenase) were assessed on both field-moist samples and soils rewetted to 80% of water-holding capacity and then incubated at 21 °C for 7 d prior to the assay. The reclaimed soils had higher activities than polluted soils but, typically, 1.5-3 times lower levels of activity than the non-polluted soil. Regardless of the moisture pre-treatment, all enzymes showed significant effects due to pollution, with urease and β-glucosidase showing the greatest discrimination between degrees of contamination. In general, rewetting field-dried soils increased activities on non-polluted and reclaimed soils which improved discrimination with polluted soils. Another method to increase the potential of soil enzyme activities to detect soil contamination could be to combine them in multivariate analysis, which provides a more holistic representation of the biochemical and microbial functionality of a soil. 相似文献
18.
D.J. Ross 《Soil biology & biochemistry》1976,8(5):351-356
Invertase and amylase activities were determined in the herbage and roots of ryegrass and white clover grown under aseptic and field conditions, and in the herbage, litter, roots, and soil of three grass-legume pastures. These activities were appreciably greater in all plant materials than in soil, on either a dry weight or an organic C basis. Invertase-amylase activity ratios in plant materials and in soil were not directly related at the three pasture sites. The activities of aseptically grown plants were not consistently influenced by harvest conditions under light or darkness. They did differ in different tissues and plant species, with amylase activity greatest in white clover. Plant roots did not appear to excrete enzymes with these activities.Chromatographic data suggest that β-amylases contributed most to the amylase activity of herbage and roots, whereas α-amylases and possibly other hydrolytic enzymes, were most important in litter and soil. Other evidence suggests that β-amylases, as well as α-amylases, would also have been active in the soils.Under field conditions, the invertase and amylase activities of the herbage and roots appear to be due mainly to plant-derived enzymes, rather than to associated micro-organisms. In the soils, microorganisms and plants appear to contribute to these activities. 相似文献
19.
Correlations of Enzyme-Activities in Soil Enzyme-activities often have been used as indicators of the biological state of soil. In this connection some questions may be posed: Which enzyme is the best indicator of biological activities in soil, what is the relationship of enzyme-activities to other ecological parameters and what is the interdependency between different enzymes? To answer these questions we measured activities of amylase, catalase, invertase, pectinase, urease, xylanase and cellulase at nine alpine and subalpine sites. Furthermore the CO2-evolution, contens of nitrogen, carbon, organic matter, the soil density, total bacterial number and water capacity were determined. With these data correlation coefficients were calculated. The best relationships were found between cellulase-xylanase and amylase-invertase activities (Table 1). While catalase and pectinase are in the middle range, urease shows relatively low values. There are highly significant correlations between enzyme-activities and the content of nitrogen, carbon, organic matter, soil density or the CO2-evolution (number of samples used for calculations was 68). Almost no correlations were found with total bacterial count (Table 2). For these calculations 34 samples of each parameter were used. To prove that the lower number of samples is not the reason for low correlation coefficients we computed data of 17 samples (Table 3). The water capacity is depending on soil density and content of organic matter and the correlations are in the same range (Comparison Table 1 and 3). This means that 17 samples of each parameter are enough for these calculations. Enzyme-activities proof therefore to be good indicators of the biological state of soil. It is inappropriate to characterise biological activities of soil by total bacterial counts only. 相似文献
20.
M. Belén Hinojosa Benjamín Viñegla Jose A. Carreira 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2004,36(10):1637-1644
This study focused on the potential of using soil enzyme activities and general microbiological rates (respiration, N-mineralisation, nitrification) to evaluate the quality of soils affected by a pyrite mud spill which contained high concentrations of heavy metals. The quality of soils after restoration was estimated by comparing enzyme activities and general microbiological rates in three different types of experimental field plots: (i) non-polluted, (ii) polluted but restored, and (iii) polluted but un-restored soils. Non-polluted soils showed the highest levels of enzyme activity. Significant differences were detected for acid phosphatase, β-glucosidase and urease activities between all types of plots. However, arylsulfatase and alkaline phosphatase activities showed no significant differences between the restored plots and polluted but un-restored plots. Geometric mean statistics were used as an index of soil quality in terms of overall: (i) bioavailable heavy metal concentrations, (ii) assayed enzyme activities, and (iii) general microbiological rates, in order to compare plots differing in the degree of pyritic mud pollution. The results indicate that it is important to consider these three criteria in to estimate the soil quality of heavy-metal contaminated soils. Typically, enzyme activities were negatively correlated with bioavailable Cd, Cu and Zn concentrations, but positively with soil pH values. In contrast, pH values were negatively correlated with bioavailable concentrations of Cd, Cu and Zn. It is unclear if the generalised lower enzyme activities found in restored soils, compared to non-polluted soils, is promoted by pH or bioavailable heavy metals concentrations, or a combination of both. 相似文献