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1.
宽幅匀播技术优化了作物群体结构,使小麦显著增产。为了给大面积推广宽幅匀播技术提供理论支撑,以常规条播为对照,采用田间试验研究了旱地冬小麦宽幅匀播的光合效应。结果表明,从拔节期到灌浆期,旱地宽幅匀播冬小麦旗叶叶绿素SPAD值较常规条播高3.1～6.3;盛花期较常规条播小麦旗叶净光合速率(Pn)提高13.4%、气孔导度(Gs)增加34.84%、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)降低16.05%、蒸腾速率(Tr)提高8.47%。宽幅匀播能显著提高小麦叶片叶绿素含量,改善冬小麦光合特性,使小麦叶片能更有效利用胞间CO2,提高光合和运输能力,从而显著增加产量。 相似文献
2.
黄土高原地区农田水氮效应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过在永寿和杨凌的田间试验,研究了黄土高原地区农田的水氮效应。结果表明,模拟试验得到的水肥效应结果与实际情况相差较大。田间试验研究表明,肥料的增产作用大于灌水;在现有的水资源条件下,提高氮肥供应水平是黄土高原地区大部分农田作物增产的主要途径。加强夏闲期降水的蓄积、提高土壤底墒是冬麦区作物高产的重要条件;作物生育期间的灌水关键期与土壤底墒、作物生育期降水量和降水的时间分布等因素有关。在现有的水肥条件下,冬小麦和夏玉米有较大的增产潜力。 相似文献
3.
底墒和磷肥对渭北旱塬冬小麦产量与水肥利用的影响 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：6
在陕西杨凌渭北旱塬进行5年定位试验,在施N160kg/hm2的基础上,设施P2O5 0、50、100、150 kg/hm2 4个施磷水平,结合5年降水情况,分析了播前底墒、施磷对旱地冬小麦产量及水肥利用的影响。结果表明,夏季7～9月的降水是决定渭北旱塬小麦播前底墒的关键因素,两者呈线性相关夏季每增加1 mm降水,土壤贮水增加0.5mm。要保持这一地区小麦稳产或高产,底墒应保持550 mm左右,夏季降水应有380 mm左右。夏季降水充足的年份,施磷量增加造成的下季小麦播前底墒下降不明显;降水偏少的（350mm）的年份,合理施磷能够促进小麦生长,导致生育期内对土壤水分消耗较多,降低土壤含水量,使前季小麦每增施磷50 kg/hm2,下季小麦播前底墒减少9～12 mm。除底墒外,关键生育期的充足降水也是保证旱地小麦产量重要因素,每毫米播前底墒能形成9.0～9.9 kg/hm2、生育期降水形成28.6～33.3 kg/hm2小麦子粒产量。施磷水平决定了作物生物量、产量高低;底墒决定了水分和磷肥利用的程度或水平,同时水分也制约着作物累积的干物质向收获器官（子粒）转移的多少或比例。在底墒充足的年份,较低的施磷量,就可实现较高的产量和水肥利用效率;底墒较差的年份,则要求较高的磷肥投入量。 相似文献
4.
S.K. Jalota G.S. Buttar Anil Sood G.B.S. Chahal S.S. Ray S. Panigrahy 《Soil & Tillage Research》2008,99(1):76-83
In southwestern region of Punjab in north India, sowing dates of cotton crop in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) system are staggered from last week of April to mid of May depending upon the surface water supply from canal as ground water is not fit for irrigation. Further, farmers practice intensive cultivation for seedbed preparation and burning of wheat straw before sowing of cotton crop. With the present farmers’ practices, yields have become static and system has become non-profitable. Field experiments were conducted on Entisols for two rotations of cotton–wheat system during the years of 2004–2005 and 2005–2006 in split plot design to study the direct and interactive effects of date of sowing and tillage-plus-wheat residue management practices on growth and yield of cotton and wheat and to increase the profitability by reducing the tillage operations, which costs about 50% of the sowing cost. The pooled analysis showed that in cotton crop, there was a significant interaction between year × dates of sowing. Among different tillage-plus-wheat residue management practices yields were 23–39% higher in tillage treatments than minimum-tillage. In wheat, grain yield in tillage treatments were at par. Water productivity amongst the tillage treatments in cotton was 19–27% less in minimum tillage than others tillage treatments. Similar trend was found in wheat crop. Remunerability of the cotton–wheat system was more with a combination of reduced tillage in cotton and minimum tillage in wheat than conventional tillage. 相似文献
5.
采用田间试验方法研究了控释尿素不同施用条件对冬小麦产量、氮素利用和经济效益的影响。试验共设7个处理,即CK(空白处理,不施氮肥)、100%PU10/0(普通尿素全量基施,N 240 kg·hm-2)、100%PU6/4(60%的普通尿素基施、40%的普通尿素于拔节期追施,N 240 kg·hm-2)、80%PU6/4(60%的普通尿素基施、40%的普通尿素于拔节期追施,N 192 kg·hm-2)、100%CRU(全量树脂包膜控释尿素基施,N 240 kg·hm-2)、80%CRU(80%树脂包膜控释尿素基施,N 192 kg·hm-2)和40%CRU+40%PU(40%树脂包膜控释尿素+40%的普通尿素基施,N 192 kg·hm-2)。结果表明,无论是产量效应还是氮素利用效应,树脂包膜控释尿素(CRU)处理总体优于普通尿素(PU)处理,尤其树脂包膜控释尿素和普通尿素配施(40%CRU+40%PU)效果最佳,以7 709 kg·hm-2的产量、36.44%的氮肥吸收利用率、15 946元·hm-2的相对净收入达到处理间最高水平。该处理在减少氮素投入量的情况下,不仅促进了冬小麦增产,而且显著提高了肥料的利用率,拥有较高的产投比。因此,树脂包膜控释尿素和普通尿素的配施处理(40%CRU+40%PU)是本试验条件下最优的氮肥处理。 相似文献
6.
不同降水年型水氮运筹对冬小麦耗水和产量的影响 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
灌水和施氮是影响农田生态系统粮食生产的2个主要因素,但其增产效应和资源利用效率会受降水年型的影响。该研究基于2011—2014在陕西关中平原进行的3 a冬小麦水氮耦合试验,分析了不同降水年型下水氮管理对土壤含水率、籽粒产量、耗水量(water consumption,ETa)及产量与耗水量关系的影响。结果表明:7—9月总降水量每增加1 mm,小麦播前0~180 cm土壤底墒增加0.47 mm。随着灌水量增加,产量和ETa均增加,但仅在降水较少的2012—2013年增产显著,对水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)的影响不显著;随着施氮量增加,ETa变化不显著,但其增产效果显著,使WUE显著提高,表明施氮增加了作物蒸腾占农田耗水量的比例。根据3 a各处理冬小麦产量和ETa数据,进一步探讨了在一定水分消耗下能达到的最大(边界)产量和WUE,建立了关中平原冬小麦的产量-耗水量边界方程;当ETa超过388 mm时,产量稳定在8 184 kg/hm2,WUE的最大值为2.52 kg/m3。研究可为制订合理的冬小麦水肥管理措施提供科学依据。 相似文献
7.
基于模式识别的半干旱区雨养春小麦干旱发生状况判别 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为准确判断作物生长发育过程中农业干旱的发生状况,并预估作物产量,该研究以半干旱区1986-2011年生育期气象和产量资料为基础,分析雨养春小麦产量形成所受因素,以产量变动状况作为春小麦干旱和正常年景的判断标准。采用模式识别法,迭代求解建立可预测春小麦年景的线性分类方程,对半干旱雨养区农业干旱的发生状况进行判定。研究结果表明:半干旱雨养区春小麦产量形成受诸多因素影响。若不剔除其他因素的影响,仅以气象要素为基础无法建立判别方程,从而难以定量判断春小麦生育期农业干旱的发生状况。但在剔除播前50 cm层次土壤相对含水率大于55%的年份后,以主要生育期平均温度和降水量能够建立判别方程预测春小麦年景,从而可以对春小麦生长发育过程中的农业干旱发生状况进行定量分析。同时,5月份降水量对春小麦生长发育具有非常重要的作用,在播前50 cm层次土壤相对含水率小于55%时,只用5月份降水量一个气象要素即可较为准确地模拟估测春小麦产出。该研究可为干旱致害机理的进一步深入探讨提供参考依据。 相似文献
8.
华北典型区域土壤耕作方式对土壤特性和作物产量的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
华北平原是我国重要的小麦玉米种植区,长期土壤旋耕免耕和秸秆全量还田带来耕层变浅、犁底层变厚和上移、土壤养分表聚等现象,通过耕作方式改变,解决上述问题对维持区域粮食生产有重要意义。试验以冬小麦-夏玉米轮作系统为研究对象,分别在代表华北平原高产区的栾城试验区和代表中低产区的南皮试验区进行,设置冬小麦播种前进行土壤深耕、深松、窄深松3种处理,以生产上常用的旋耕为对照。所有处理夏玉米季均采用土壤免耕播种,测定项目包括土壤容重、作物根系、作物产量和水分利用效率。结果表明,不同耕作方式对土壤特性和作物产量的影响具有区域差异。南皮试验区土壤深耕(松)显著地(P0.05)提高了作物产量,深耕、深松和窄深松处理的冬小麦产量比旋耕分别增加16.5%、19.3%和13.1%,夏玉米产量分别增加17.3%、16.2%和21.9%,周年产量分别增加16.9%、17.6%和17.8%;深耕、深松和窄深松处理间作物产量差异不显著。栾城试验区冬小麦、夏玉米产量和周年产量各处理之间差异不显著。土壤深耕、深松、窄深松和旋耕均能降低0～20 cm土层土壤紧实度和土壤容重。冬小麦播种后,与土壤耕作前比较,土壤深耕、深松和旋耕处理土壤紧实度南皮试验区分别平均降低71.6%和68.2%,栾城试验区分别降低88.8%和?7.7%,常用的旋耕模式在栾城试区没有降低土壤紧实度。小麦收获时不同耕作方式0～40cm土层的土壤容重均低于土壤耕作前的土壤容重,至夏玉米收获时不同耕作处理的土壤容重与耕作前基本一致,不同耕作处理对土壤容重的影响差异不显著。在南皮试验区, 3种耕作方式与旋耕相比,均显著提高了冬小麦和夏玉米水分利用效率;在栾城试验区,各处理冬小麦和夏玉米水分利用效率差异不显著。本研究结果显示在华北平原高产区连续实施土壤旋耕模式没有影响作物产量,而在中低产区实施土壤深耕或者深松模式更利于作物产量提高。 相似文献
9.
底墒和磷肥对旱地小麦籽粒灌浆特性及产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为分析黄土高原旱地小麦灌浆过程与水分消耗的关系,及其产量对底墒和磷肥的响应情况,在山西省南部设3个播前0～100cm土壤底墒水平W1(248mm)、W2(233mm)、W3(205mm)和两个施磷量P1(75kg·hm~(-2))、P2(180 kg·hm~(-2)),调查不同处理下小麦总耗水、土壤水消耗、各生育阶段耗水、产量及其构成因素、灌浆过程的变化。结果表明,随着底墒水平提高小麦返青—拔节和拔节—开花阶段耗水、生育期总耗水、土壤水消耗及其占总耗水比例、产量、穗数、千粒重显著增加,且较W3,W1和W2产量分别显著高14.89%和8.66%。随磷肥增加播种—拔节耗水显著减少,而拔节—开花耗水、产量、千粒重显著增加。底墒和磷肥互作对小麦总耗水、土壤水消耗、播种—返青阶段耗水、拔节—成熟阶段耗水、千粒重有显著影响。通过小麦灌浆方程得,快增期持续时间随底墒的增加而增加、渐增期和快增期持续时间随磷肥的增加而增加、缓增期籽粒增加量及持续时间变异系数达25%。通过小麦水(磷)肥方程得,当0～100 cm底墒为253 mm时获得高产,且同底墒下产量随磷肥增加而提高。可见,旱地小麦拔节—开花阶段耗水对底墒和磷肥敏感,灌浆过程中的快增期持续时间对底墒和磷肥响应较好,缓增期变异对籽粒粒重影响较大。 相似文献
10.
晋南土壤质地、耕作方式及茬口对小麦播前土壤贮水量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在山西临汾、襄汾采用大区对比法研究了土壤质地、耕作方式及茬口对小麦播前土壤贮水量的影响。结果表明：夏闲制不同土壤质地的传统土壤耕作方式,小麦播前0-200cm的各主要土壤层面的贮水量为中粘土〉中壤土〉轻壤土;夏季复播制的土壤质地和复播作物对小麦播前贮水量的影响以土壤质地〉复播作物种类;夏闲制不同土壤耕作方式的小麦播前贮水量以浅旋灭茬〉免耕〉隔行深松〉传统耕作〉全耕层深松。不同春播作物茬口小麦播前的贮水量以地黄茬贮水量最高,其次为丹参茬,棉花茬较差。该项研究为小麦播前土壤贮水量的恢复选择夏季复播制的土壤质地、夏闲制合理的土壤耕作方式和春播作物茬口提供了理论依据。 相似文献
11.
B. J. Radford B. J. Bridge R. J. Davis D. McGarry U. P. Pillai J. F. Rickman P. A. Walsh D. F. Yule 《Soil & Tillage Research》2000,54(3-4):155-170
Soil compaction has been recognised as the greatest problem in terms of damage to Australia’s soil resource. Compaction by tractor and harvester tyres, related to trafficking of wet soil, is one source of the problem. In this paper an array of soil properties was measured before and immediately after the application of a known compaction force to a wet Vertisol. A local grain harvester was used on soil that was just trafficable; a common scenario at harvest. The primary aim was to determine the changes in various soil properties in order to provide a “benchmark” against which the effectiveness of future remedial treatments could be evaluated. A secondary aim was a comparison of the measurements’ efficiency to assess a soil’s structural degradation status. Also assessed was the subsequent effect of the applied compaction on wheat growth and yield in the following cropping season. Nine of the soil properties measured gave statistically significant differences as a result of the soil compaction. Differences were mostly restricted to the top 0.2 m of the soil. The greatest measured depth of effect was decreased soil porosity to 0.4 m measured from intact soil clods. There was 72% emergence of the wheat crop planted into the compact soil and 93% in the uncompact soil. Wheat yield, however, was not affected by the compaction. This may demonstrate that wheat, growing on a full profile of stored soil water as did the current crop, may be little affected by compaction. Also, wheat may have potential to facilitate rapid repair of the damage in a Vertisol such as the current soil by drying the topsoil between rainfall events so increasing shrinking and swelling cycles. If this is true, then sowing a suitable crop species in a Vertisol may be a better option than tillage for repairing compaction damage by agricultural traffic. 相似文献
12.
Nitrogen (N) is a major factor limiting grain production in the high rainfall zone (HRZ, 450–700 mm annual average rainfall of southwestern Australia (SWA). Transient waterlogging and leaching of applied N fertilizer are hazards faced in most years by crop producers. The major crops are wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), canola (Brassica napus L.) and lupin (Lupinus angustifiolius L.) grown in rotation. Two series of experiments involving, levels and timing of N fertilizer application and levels of plant population were done. The first series, in 2003–2004, consisted of 3 experiments in 3 growing seasons (early May to late-October) to measure the grain yield (GY) increase (response) of wheat and barley to various methods of N fertilizer application (methods of split N application were compared to N applied at sowing). The aim of the experiments was to determine the optimal N fertilizer application strategy for maximum GY and quality in situations where transient waterlogging was a frequent occurrence. The second series of four experiments, from 2007–2009, measured the GY of wheat sown at three levels of plant population to 4 levels of N applied after transient waterlogging (taken to be rainfall events in which >25 mm of rain was recorded in 24 to 48 hours).
Applying the N fertilizer after high rainfall and transient waterlogging (tactical N application) increased GY and protein percentage of grain compared to applying all of the N fertilizer at sowing. Where transient waterlogging was not frequent, applying the N after waterlogging was not always better than applying part of the N according to growth stage of the crop or according to fixed times after sowing. When the crop was water-logged three or more times, N uptake by the crop at anthesis and apparent fertilizer N recovery in the crop was substantially increased by applying the N after waterlogging compared to applying the entire N at sowing. This study found that a tactical N management strategy for the HRZ of SWA is to apply some N at sowing with subsequent applications made after heavy rainfall that leads to transient waterlogging. Split N fertilizer applied either according to time after sowing or to growth stage of the crop was equally effective for increasing GY in situations where waterlogging was less frequent.
The observation from these experiments, that grain yield increases due to splitting the N dose were associated with increases in ear numbers, lead to a further set of experiments where plant population was increased in conjunction with N applied after waterlogging events. The combined strategy of increased plant population with strategic N application decreased the amount of N required for maximum GY where more than 3 heavy rainfall events occurred in a growing season.
One practical outcome of this research is to indicate that farmers can withhold applications of N fertilizer after sowing in seasons when transient waterlogging does not occur. 相似文献
13.
Spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the major crop in southwestern Australia where 75% of the 18 million hectares comprise sandy duplex and deep sandy soils, including uniform yellow sandplain soils. Some of the sandplain soils in the lower rainfall (< 350 mm annual average) eastern region are naturally very acidic (soil pH, as measured in 1:5 soil:0.01 M calcium chloride, 3.7–4.5) in soil horizons explored by wheat roots so molybdenum (Mo) deficiency and aluminium (Al) toxicity adversely affects grain production of wheat. Liming is not an economic option to ameliorate Mo deficiency and Al toxicity in these soils because uneconomical large amounts are required. However, despite Al toxicity, applying Mo fertilizer produces profitable grain yield. The fertilizer also increases Mo concentration in grain, and if this grain was used to sow the next crop, it may reduce the amount of Mo fertilizer required by the subsequent crop. To test this hypothesis we grew wheat in an experiment on naturally acidic sandplain soil (pH 4.5) when either 0 or 160 g/ha fertilizer Mo was applied. The grain harvested at the end of the growing season had Mo concentrations of 0.07 mg/kg when no Mo was applied (low Mo seed) and 0.27 mg/kg when Mo was applied (high Mo seed). In two further field experiments on naturally acidic sandplain soil (pH 4.3 and 4.4) we sowed low and high Mo seed of the same size (36.4 ± 0.2 mg per seed) when 4 rates of Mo fertilizer (0, 35, 70, and 140 g/ha Mo) was applied to soil. Grain yield responses to the Mo fertilizer were 59% for low Mo seed and 55 g/ha fertilizer Mo was required to produce 90% of the maximum grain yield. Corresponding values for high Mo seed were 15% response and 15 g/ha fertilizer Mo. Rather than sowing wheat seed harvested from acidic soils to sow wheat crops on the acidic sandplain soils, we instead recommend seed harvested from alkaline soils with larger concentrations of Mo in the seed be used reducing the rate of fertilizer Mo required for that crop. The concentration of Mo in the youngest emerged leaf blades (YEB) that was related to 90% of the maximum grain yield (critical prognostic tissue test value for grain production) was about 0.08–0.09 mg/kg at tillering (Gs24) and at emergence of wheat heads (Gs59). 相似文献
14.
利用作物模拟模型辅助决策小麦新品种推广初探 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
在田间试验和前人研究的基础上，以比较成熟的CERES-WHEAT模型为研究工具，以我国的主要作物小麦为研究材料，探讨了作物模型在区域试验和良种评价方面的潜在应用。目的在于应用作物模型的动态性和预测性功能，通过利用品种已有生理和遗传参数以及各地的气象、土壤资料，对冬小麦不同品种同一地点和同一品种不同地点的生育期、物候期、产量和产量构成因素进行模拟，并与实测值进行比较，最后对品种的生态适应性进行了综合评价。最终在品种产量表现和生态适应性等方面为品种区域试验和良种推广提供决策的依据，试图尝试用一条新的途径，辅助 相似文献
15.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(19):2344-2350
Annual cover crops compete with underseeded perennial forages for light, moisture, and nutrients and may suppress their establishment and growth. Field experiments were established in 2000 and 2001 at Nipawin and in 2002 and 2003 at Melfort in northeastern Saskatchewan to determine the effects of seeding rates of cover crops of oat (19, 38, and 112 kg ha?1) and barley (31, 62, and 124 kg ha?1) on forage dry-matter yield (DMY) of the cover crop cut as greenfeed in the seeding year, DMY of the underseeded meadow bromegrass–alfalfa mixture in the following 1 or 2 years after establishment, and forage quality [concentration of crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF)]. In the first establishment year, the no cover crop treatment produced considerably less DMY than the treatments with cover crops. Oat seeded at 112 kg ha?1 produced greater DMY than when it was seeded at 19 or 38 kg ha?1 in all four site-years, but DMY differences between the 19 or 38 kg ha?1 seeding rates were not significant in any site-year. For barley, there was no significant difference in DMY among the three seeding rates in 2000, 2001, and 2002. In 2003, barley seeded at 62 or 124 kg ha?1 produced greater DMY than when it was seeded at 31 kg ha?1, but DMYs were not significantly different between the 62 and 124 kg ha?1 seeding rates. The use of a cover crop did reduce DMY in 2003 of bromegrass–alfalfa mixture underseeded in 2002, but the type of cover crop and its seeding rate did not appear to affect DMY in any site-year. Forage quality in the seeding year was consistently superior in no cover crop treatment compared to that in treatments with cover crops, especially related to CP concentration. There was no consistent trend of forage quality in the cover crop treatments, indicating cover crops and their seeding rates had little effect on forage quality. In conclusion, oat appeared to be more sensitive to seeding rate than barley for forage DMY in the establishment year, but in the subsequent 1 or 2 years after establishment there was little effect of cover crop type and its seeding rate on DMY of bromegrass–alfalfa mixture, although DMY was considerably greater in the no cover treatment than that in treatments with cover crops in 1 site-year. 相似文献
16.
冬前积温以及播前土壤墒情是旱作冬麦区播期选择的重要依据，利用模型选择不同降水年型下小麦适宜播期具有重要意义。收集山西省闻喜县旱作小麦区2009−2014年（2009、2010和2012年为枯水年，2011年和2013年为丰水年）的大田试验数据，对小麦决策系统进行品种参数校验和验证。利用校验过的决策系统模拟分析闻喜地区近36a（1980−2015年）冬小麦最佳播期变化以及不同降水年型下播期随产量的变化情况。结果表明：（1）1980−1984年，冬小麦最佳播期主要集中在9月25日前后；1985−1995年，历史最佳播期推迟至9月30日前后；1995−2015年，最佳播期推迟至10月5日前后。（2）研究期内，丰水年和平水年9月30日前后播种小麦平均产量最大，分别为4293.1kg·hm−2和4055.2kg·hm−2；枯水年10月5日前后播种小麦平均产量最高，为3334.5kg·hm−2。因此，随着气温的逐渐增高，冬小麦的历史最佳播期呈现明显后移趋势；丰水年和平水年9月30日前后播种，枯水年以10月5日前后播种为宜。 相似文献
17.
用~(15)N标记肥料研究旱地冬小麦氮肥利用率与去向 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
在黄土旱塬 2年的田间试验表明 ,在特殊干旱年里小麦施氮肥增产仍很显著 ,但氮肥效果受到明显抑制 ,施氮处理间小麦产量差异不显著。播种前土壤水分含量对旱作小麦产量有决定性作用。15N微区试验表明 ,尿素作基肥混施入耕层后 ,小麦当年利用率为 3 6 6%～ 3 8 4% ,土壤残留率为 2 9 2 %～ 3 3 6%。氮肥的后效显示 ,土壤残留的氮素可被第 2茬小麦部分利用 ,占施氮量的 2 1 %～ 2 8% ,相当于 0～ 40cm土壤残留氮的 6 7%～ 8 7%。土壤残留的氮素主要集中在 0～ 40cm土层中 ,土壤剖面中残留氮随土壤深度增加而减少。膜间种植对小麦产量、氮肥利用率在试验年里没有显示作用 ,但大大增加了氮肥在土壤中的残留率。 相似文献
18.
渭北旱塬不同田间管理措施下冬小麦产量及水分利用效率 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：15
水分是限制旱地作物产量最主要的因素,提高自然降水利用效率是增加旱地作物产量的有效途径。2001～2003年在渭北旱塬粉砂壤土上的田间试验研究表明,不同田间管理措施对冬小麦的产量及水分利用效率有显著的影响。秸秆覆盖不仅增加雨水入渗,提高上层土壤含水量,而且促进水分向下运输。在覆盖第二年小麦产量较常规种植显著增加,同时覆盖下土壤有机质含量有较快增加的趋势。夏季休闲期种植填闲作物将不影响下一季作物的水分状况,短期内填闲作物对土壤有机质,小麦产量及水分利用效率也没有影响。 相似文献
19.
旱农区水磷耦合效应对春小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
1997年在我国典型干旱半干旱甘肃定西地区,研究了水分和磷素处理对春小麦生长和水分利用影响,结果表明:春小麦产量和水分利用效率与有限灌溉和施磷之间有密切的关系,尤其是水分的作用最为关键,播前土壤极其干旱条件下,浇灌底墒水而整个生育期不浇水,可促进作物对土壤水分的充分利用,比对照(不浇水)土壤水分利用提高了241.96%,产量是对照的2.76倍,水分利用效率(以籽粒为准)提高了35.62%。在不同水分条件下,磷素对产量和水分利用效率提高呈现正效应,在浇水情况下,施磷比不施磷产量和水分利用效率分别提高8.64%、14.37%,不浇水情况下,施磷比不施磷产量和水分利用效率分别提高29.79%、4.77%。 相似文献
20.
不同覆盖措施下旱地冬小麦的氮磷钾需求及其生理效率 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3