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1.
A field experiment was carried out in a semi-arid region of Iran during the 2006–2007 growing season to investigate canola seed yield as affected by nitrogen (N) and natural zeolite (Z) rates. This experiment studied N efficiency and N leaching loss in a sandy soil. Experimental treatments consisted of a factorial combination of three N levels (90, 180, and 270 kg N ha?1) and four zeolite rates (0, 3, 6, and 9 t zeolite ha?1). The result showed that the greatest seed yield (2452.3 kg ha?1) was obtained from the N270Z9 treatment whereas the control treatment (N0Z0) produced the lowest seed yield (1038.3 kg ha?1). Moreover, use of 270 kg N ha?1 without zeolite (N270Z0) led to the greatest amount of N leaching loss (144.23 kg ha?1). Zeolite application clearly reduced N leaching loss in all N rates. This justified low N-use efficiency in high N applications. More N uptake and more canola seed yield is attributed to zeolite application.  相似文献   

2.
Abstract

The experiment was conducted at Kulumsa, South East Ethiopia, using four levels of nitrogen (N) (0, 50,100 and 150?kg N ha?1) and four levels of phosphorus (P) (0, 35, 70 and 105?kg P2O5 ha?1) fertilizers arranged in 4?×?4 factorial arrangements in randomized complete block design with three replications. The available P was increased after harvest due to the application of N and P fertilizer at the rates of 100 or 150?kg N ha?1 and 70 or 105?kg P2O5 ha?1. More specifically, nutrients concentration and nutrient uptake were significantly (p?<?.01) varied among treatment combinations and nutrient use efficiency was declined by increasing N and P after optimum rates. The higher physiological efficiency of N (53.47?kg kg?1) and P (580.41?kg kg?1) and the highest apparent recovery of N (19.62%) and P (2.47%) was recorded from application of 50?kg N ha?1 and P at 70?kg P2O5 ha?1 and the highest agronomic efficiency of N (10.78?kg kg?1) and P (15.25?kg kg?1) was recorded from N at the rate of 50?kg N ha?1 and P at 35?kg P2O5 ha?1, respectively. The combination of N at 100?kg N ha?1 and P at 70?kg P2O5 ha?1 was promising combination that generated highest net benefit 488,878.5 ETB (Ethiopian birr) ha?1 with the highest marginal rate of return (36638%) and gave the highest seed yield (1858.82?kg ha?1) with yield increment of about 57.72% over the control.  相似文献   

3.
ABSTRACT

Due to elevating costs of N fertilizer and growing apprehensions about nitrate, experiments evaluating nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) is becoming increasingly important in crop production. NAE and seed yield potentiality of three cultivars of sesame (Shandwel–1, Giza–32 and Sohag–1) were evaluated under four N applications (0, 72, 108, and 144 kg N ha?1) in a field experiment. Results showed that Sohag–1 recorded the highest values of yield and yields traits surpassing the other two cultivars. Sesame plants received 144 or 108 kg N ha?1 produced the highest seed yield. In plots fertilized by 108 or 144 kg N ha?1, Sohag–1 was the potent cultivar for recording higher seed yield. N addition more or less than 108 kg N ha?1 caused suppression in NAE. Sohag–1 was the most effective and responsive cultivar in N use being exceeded the averages of each seed yield at zero N rate and seed yield response index (SYRI).  相似文献   

4.
In this study, the effects of different zeolite doses (Z0:0, Z3:30, Z6:60, Z9:90, and Z12:120 t ha?1) and water levels (I50: 0.50, I75: 0.75, and I100:1.00) on yield, quality, and nutrient absorption of common bean were evaluated under arid conditions in Karapinar Konya, Turkey, in 2011 and 2012. The experiment was carried out in a split-plot design with three replications. The results showed that in each treatment different doses of zeolite together with changes in the rate of irrigation levels effected yield and yield components. Water use efficiency was also affected by zeolite and irrigation treatments. The highest yields, 4777 and 4114 kg ha?1, respectively, were obtained from the Z9I100 application in 2011 and 2012. During the experimental years, water consumptions at the same treatment were determined 451 and 468 mm, respectively. In addition to this, zeolite treatments affected the contents of N, K, Zn, Mn, and Cu in leaf samples (p < 0.05). These nutrient levels increased with raising zeolite doses.  相似文献   

5.
The effect of cattle manure and sulfur fertilizer on seed yield and oil composition of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo var. Styriaca) under inoculated with Thiobacillus thiooxidans was investigated in a factorial study based on a randomized complete block design. Experimental factors consisted of cattle manure (M) (M0: 0, M1: 10; and M2: 20 t ha?1), sulfur (S) (S0: 0, S1: 250; and S2: 500 kg ha?1) and T. thiooxidans (B): inoculated (B1) and non-inoculated (B0). Results demonstrated that the application of T. thiooxidans, cattle manure, and S fertilizer decreased the soil pH. The largest number of seed per fruit (367), highest fruit yield (70.57 t ha?1), seed iron (Fe) content (16.26 mg 100 g?1), and seed yield (111 kg ha?1) was obtained when 20 t ha?1 manure was applied in combination with 500 kg ha?1 S inoculated with T. thiooxidans. In this condition, the content of S, Fe, phosphorus (P), and nitrogen (N) in plant shoots was increased by 44.8%, 22.58%, 33.89%, and 10.38%, respectively, compared to the control. Moreover, the highest content of seed protein was observed in 10 t ha?1 manure and 500 kg ha?1 S fertilizer inoculated with T. thiooxidans. When 250 kg ha?1 S fertilizer was applied, 20 t ha?1 manure decreased seed P content sharply. At the rate of 500 kg ha?1 S fertilizer, the highest content of seed P was obtained from 20 t ha?1 manure. Totally, 20 t ha?1 cattle manure, along with 500 kg ha?1 S fertilizer as well as T. thiooxidans inoculation, improved oil and seed yield of medicinal pumpkin.  相似文献   

6.
In the present work, the efficiency of different nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha?1) on growth, yield, and quality of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.) was investigated in 2011–2013. The study was conducted in Antalya located in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Terra rossa type soil (LVx, FAO) characteristics of the experimental field were clay loam, with high amounts of lime (33,9%) and slightly alkaline (pH 7.7). The experiment was carried out in randomized block design with four replications. All the results were summarized as mean of three years. The highest fresh and dry biomass yields (26.75 t ha?1 and 7.5 ha?1, respectively) were obtained from 150 kg ha?1 N dose and followed by 100 kg ha?1 N dose (26.29 t ha?1 and 7.24 ha?1, respectively). Whereas the highest fresh and dry leaf yields (13.27 t ha?1 and 3.82 t ha?1, respectively) were realized in 100 kg ha?1 N dose. Actually, all nitrogen doses gave higher biomass and leaf yields compared to the control. On the hand, major steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside A) in the leaf were not influenced by nitrogen levels. In conclusion, 100 kg ha?1 N dose was found to be suitable for cultivation of stevia under field conditions.  相似文献   

7.
Leaching of nutrients in soil can change the surface and groundwater quality. The present study aimed at investigating the effects of raw and ammonium (NH4+)-enriched zeolite on nitrogen leaching and wheat yields in sandy loam and clay loam soils. The treatments were one level of nitrogen; Z0: (100 kg (N) ha?1) as urea, two levels of raw zeolite; Z1:(0.5 g kg?1 + 100 kg ha?1) and Z2: (1 g kg?1 + 100 kg ha?1), and two levels of NH4+-enriched zeolite; Z3: (0.5 g kg?1 + 80 kg ha?1) and Z4: (1 g kg?1 + 60 kg ha?1). Wheat grains were sown in pots and, after each irrigation event, the leachates were collected and their nitrate (NO3?) and NH4+ contents were determined. The grain yield and the total N in plants were measured after four months of wheat growth. The results indicated that the amounts of NH4+ and NO3? leached from the sandy loam soil were more than those from the clay loam soil in all irrigation events. The maximum and minimum concentrations of nitrogen in the drainage water for both soils were observed at control and NH4+-zeolite treatments, respectively. Total N in the plants grown in the sandy loam was higher compared to plants grown in clay loam soil. Also, nitrogen uptake by plants in control and NH4+-zeolite was higher than that of raw-zeolite treatments. The decrease in the amount of N leaching in the presence of NH4+-zeolite caused more N availability for plants and increased the efficiency of nitrogen fertilizers and the plants yield.  相似文献   

8.
Evaluation of any crop response to different nitrogen amounts is important for determining the amount that can be considered as optimum from economical and environmental point of view. This study was conducted to (1) evaluate the growth and yield of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) under different nitrogen rates and (2) determine the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of pumpkin in two growing seasons (2013 and 2014). In both growing seasons, nitrogen fertilizer (at three rates including 50, 150, and 250 kg ha?1) was band-dressed on the planted side of each furrow, coinciding with 4–6 leaves stage and flowering. Crop performance over 2 years was evaluated by measuring shoot dry matter, crop growth rate (CGR), leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), intercepted PAR (PARi), radiation use efficiency (RUE), shoot nitrogen uptake, water use efficiency (WUE), NUE, and fruit and seed yield. The results showed that in both growing seasons, the highest growth and yield of pumpkin were obtained by applying 250 kg N ha?1 (using urea fertilizer containing 46% nitrogen). Increased nitrogen rate from 50 to 250 kg ha?1 resulted in 87.3%, 27.0%, 62.1%, 87.5%, and 84.5% increase in shoot dry weight, RUE, WUE, fruit yield, and seed yield of pumpkin, respectively, across both growing seasons. However, higher application nitrogen rate decreased the NUE of pumpkin, i.e., the NUE decreased by 62.5% when the nitrogen rate increased from 50 to 250 kg ha?1. The effect of nitrogen applied in 2014 growing season on growth and yield of pumpkin was higher than that in 2013 growing season, which might be due to more suitable weather condition. In conclusion, the nitrogen rate of 250 kg ha?1 produced the highest amount of fruit and seed yield in pumpkin.  相似文献   

9.
Yield, dry matter production, nitrogen (N) uptake and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) dhan29 were investigated during two consecutive dry (Boro) seasons of 2009–10 and 2010–11. The experiments were set up in a randomized complete block design with three replication having six nitrogen (N) levels of 0, 40, 80 120, 160 and 200 kg ha?1. Nitrogen fertilization increased yield characters, dry matter production and N uptake. The economic optimum rate of N was 166 and 155 kg ha–1 in first and second year, respectively, with corresponding yield of 7.1 and 6.5 t ha?1. NUEs were higher in the first year, decreased with increasing N rates in most cases. Gross return over fertilizer reached the highest Tk 692 in 2009–10 and Tk 489 in 2010–11 with 160 kg N ha–1. The results suggest that BRRI dhan29 should receive an average of 160 kg N ha?1 for economic optimum yield.  相似文献   

10.
Field experiments were conducted with four nitrogen fertilizer treatments to study the effects of controlled-release urea combined with conventional urea on the nitrogen uptake, root yield, and contents of protein, soluble sugar, saponin, zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), and copper (Cu) in Platycodon grandiflorum. Field experiments were conducted with four nitrogen (N) fertilizer treatments: no N fertilization; conventional urea with N rate of 175 kg N ha?1; conventional urea with N rate of 160 kg N ha?1; controlled-release urea combined with conventional urea with N rate of 160 kg N ha?1; controlled-release urea combined with conventional urea with N rate of 135 kg N ha?1. The results showed that nitrogen application significantly increased the yield of P. grandiflorum compared with the control. Treatment with controlled-release urea combined with conventional urea at 160 kg N ha?1 provided the highest yield of 7329.58 kg ha?1. Nitrogen application also increased the contents of soluble sugar, total saponin, protein, Zn, Fe, and Mg but decreased Cu content. Protein, saponin, and Zn contents were significantly higher, but Cu content was lower in P. grandiflorum fertilized with controlled-release urea combined with conventional urea than those fertilized with conventional urea alone. The combination of controlled-release urea with conventional urea at 160 kg N ha?1 was the optimal treatment under the experimental condition investigated in this study.  相似文献   

11.
Sorghum is cultivated on Vertisols in the Ethiopian Highlands. An experiment was conducted in the Gumara-Maksegnit watershed in 2013 and 2014 to assess the effect of rate and timing of nitrogen fertilizer application on the possibility to shorten the maturity period and to improve the productivity of sorghum. The experiment was laid out as Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Treatments were nitrogen doses between 0 and 87 kg N ha?1 as urea applied at planting, at knee-height stage or in split doses at both stages. Results showed that application of 23, 41, 64 and 87 kg ha?1 N gave a yield increase of 40, 53, 62 and 69% over the control (0 kg N ha?1), respectively. In addition, split application of 41 kg ha?1, 64 kg ha?1 and 87 kg ha?1 of nitrogen fertilizer, half at planting and half at knee height stage, gave 19%, 15% and 18% increase in sorghum grain yield over a single dose application, respectively. Applying 87 kg ha?1 nitrogen fertilizer with split application half at planting and half at knee height stage, along with 46 kg ha?1 of P2O5, gave the highest grain yield and income.  相似文献   

12.
Leaf color chart (LCC) guides fertilizer nitrogen (N) application to rice as per requirement of the crop on the basis of a critical leaf color. Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of silicon (Si) and LCC based N management in aerobic rice. Following LCC-based N management, from 60 to 90 kg N ha?1 and 75 to 100 kg N ha?1 with 10–40% and 25–30% less fertilizer N was used without any reduction in yield as compared to the package of practices of 100 (50 kg N ha?1 as basal + two split of 25 kg N ha?1) kg N ha?1 respectively, during both the seasons. The highest grain yield was noticed with 90 kg N ha?1 (30 kg N ha?1 as basal + LCC-3) and 100 kg N ha?1 (50 kg N ha?1 as basal + two split of 25 kg N ha?1) along with the application of calcium silicate (CaSiO3) at 2 t ha?1 as sources of Si and on par with 60 kg N ha?1 (no basal + LCC-3) and 75 kg N ha?1 (30 kg N ha?1 as basal + LCC-3), respectively, during the season in 2008 and 2009. Higher fertilizer N use efficiency was recorded with Si and need-based N management using LCC-3 rather than recommended dose of fertilizer N.  相似文献   

13.
ABSTRACT

The present investigation aimed to determine the effectiveness of different nitrogen (N) rates on grain yield, growth, and water use efficiencies of direct wet-seeded rice and to create a relationship of N rates with growth parameters and dry matter production at different stages. The experiments compared six rates of nitrogen (0, 40,80,120,160, and 200 kg ha–1N) replicated thrice in randomized complete block design in two conjunctive years of 2009–2010 and 2010–2011 at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute farm, Gazipur.The highest grain yield of 7.85 and 7.22 t ha?1 was observed in N200 treatment in 2009–2010 and 2010–2011, respectively. The relationship (R2) of total dry matter with leaf area index , leaf area duration, and crop growth rate indicated strong association during booting stage to achieved maximum dry matter during harvest. Water use efficiency varied 87–91% in different N levels.  相似文献   

14.
A field experiment was conducted on an Alfisol (kandic paleustalf) in Abeokuta, Southwestern Nigeria, for two seasons to assess the influence of inorganic and organic fertilizers on nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), nutrient uptake and maize yield. The treatments consisted of three rates of organic fertilizer 0, 5 and 10 t ha?1 in the form of poultry manure and NPK fertilizer (20:10:10) applied at 0 and 120 kg ha?1. Maize (Zea mays) was used as the test crop. The results showed that the combined application of 10 t ha?1 poultry manure and 120 kg ha?1 NPK fertilizer enhanced the uptake of N, P and K better than other treatment combinations. Application of 10 t ha?1 poultry manure alone gave the highest grain yield, which was 67.02% higher than the control in the first season. Complementary application of 5 t ha?1 poultry manure with 120 kg ha?1 NPK 20–10-10 was recommended for grain yield.  相似文献   

15.
Field trials were conducted to study the responses of grain yield and nitrogen (N) use efficiency at five input rates (N0, N82.5, N165, N247.5, and N330 kg ha?1) in a set of nine of the most representative rice cultivars. Grain yields of rice across the nine cultivars were increased significantly by N level. All the cultivars contained a significant linear plus plateau or quadratic relationship between N levels and grain yields.The minimum yields (means of 2 years) at N0, N82.5, N165, N247.5, and N330 level all occurred in No. 2 cultivar. Compared with the grain yield of No. 2 at different N levels, those of the maximum cultivars increased by 37.1 (No. 8), 39.1 (No. 7), 48.4 (No.3), 43.3 (No. 4), and 43.9% (No. 3), respectively. In 2011, the highest average apparent nitrogen recovery efficiency (ANRE) in grain of the 4 N levels occurred in No. 3 cultivar (45.9%), followed by No. 4, No. 6, and No. 1, and the highest average agronomic efficiency (AE) in grain of the 4 N levels occurred in No. 9 cultivar [29.0 kg (kg N)?1], followed by No. 3, No. 1, and No. 4. For the second-season planting, the highest average ANRE occurred in No. 4 cultivar (28.4%), followed by No. 3, No. 5, and No. 6, and the highest average AE occurred in No. 5 cultivar [18.1 kg (kg N)?1], followed by No. 4, No. 3, and No. 7. Overall, No. 3 and No. 4 cultivars were the ideal ones that not only increased the grain yield but also improved the N use efficiency.  相似文献   

16.
The agronomic benefits of manure application to increase rice production have been recognized, but the impact on global change has always been a controversial topic. This study was designed to determine the separate and combined effects of cattle manure (CM) and nitrogen (N) fertilizer on rice yield, N efficiency, and methane (CH4) emissions from rice cultivation. A pot-scale experiment was conducted with four levels (0, 60, 120, and 180 kg ha?1) of N from urea and two levels (120 and 180 kg ha?1) of N from combination of urea and CM (Urea:CM = 60:60 and 60:120). Rice yield and physiological N efficiency were obtained using agronomic measurements. To determine the global warming potential (GWP) of each treatment, CH4 emissions were measured throughout the rice-growing period. Grain yield (GY) was not significantly different between the treatments of 120 and 180 kg ha?1 regardless of N source. However, both rates of CM treatments enhanced CH4 emission and differences in GWP were significant. In conclusion, urea applied at 120 kg N ha?1 was optimal for rice productivity and environmental impact (EI) despite CM played a crucial role in improving the N efficiency and total N in the soil after harvest.  相似文献   

17.
Camelina (Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz) seed oil has desirable properties for producing advanced biofuels and as a healthy cooking oil. It has been grown for centuries, but basic recommendations for nitrogen (N) fertilizer requirements are still needed to support widespread industrial cultivation across North America. A replicated N-response plot-scale study was conducted on a northern Mollisol soil for two growing seasons to 1) determine seed and oil yield, seed oil content, and vegetative response; 2) determine indices of N use efficiency; and 3) measure post-harvest residual inorganic soil N as an index of environmental risk. Seed and oil yield response to N fertilization was described with a quadratic function, which predicted maximum seed yield (1450 kg ha?1) and oil yield (580 kg ha?1) at about 130 kg N ha?1. However, seed and oil yield did not differ significantly among N-rates above 34 kg N ha?1. Seed oil content averaged 400 g kg?1 among all N rates. Agronomic efficiency declined above 34 kg N ha?1, which coincided with an increase of post-harvest soil nitrate-N plus ammonium-N (residual N). Considering N use efficiency, simple cost analysis, and risk associated with residual N, a rate of 34 kg N ha?1 is recommended.  相似文献   

18.
Field experiments evaluated the effects of integrated nutrient management on symbiotic parameters, growth, nutrient accumulation, productivity and profitability of lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus). Application of recommended dose of nutrients (RDN, 12.5 kg N ha?1 + 40 kg P2O5 ha?1) + 25 kg ZnSO4 ha?1 + seed inoculation with biofertilizers [Rhizobium + phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)] + 1.0 g ammonium molybdate kg?1 seed recorded the highest number & dry weight of nodules, leghaemoglobin content, root & shoot dry weight, plant height, number of pods plant?1 and 100-seed weight. The next best treatment was RDN + seed inoculation with biofertilizers + 1.0 g ammonium molybdate kg?1 seed. On the basis of mean of three-year data, the treatment of RDN + 25 kg ZnSO4 ha?1 + seed inoculation with biofertilizers + 1.0 g ammonium molybdate kg?1 seed proved the best in realizing the highest grain yield (34.0%), gross returns (34.0%) and net returns (54.8% higher over control). Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the grains and straw were significantly improved where RDN was applied in combination with seed inoculation, basal application of ZnSO4 and seed treatment with 1 g ammonium molybdate than their single applications.  相似文献   

19.
Crop residues are beneficial substances affecting crop production and soil properties. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) residue rates (0, 25, 50 and 75%) combined with N levels (0, 34.5, 69, 103.5 kg ha?1) on yield and yield components of two red common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivars and to monitor chemical soil parameters. The experiment was conducted at Research Center, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran for two years (2008–2009). The experiment was conducted as a split–split plot arranged in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. The highest seed yield was obtained when 25–50% of residues were incorporated. The highest seed yield, seed weight per plant, 100-seed weight and seed number per pod were obtained with 103.5 kg N ha?1 with no significant difference to 69 kg N ha?1. Residue incorporation significantly increased soil organic carbon (SOC) as well as available K and P content. It is possible to sow red common bean as a double cropping by soil incorporation of 25–50% wheat residues with application of 69 kg N ha?1.  相似文献   

20.
The growth and yield performance of green maize (Zea mays), followed by a late-season vegetable cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), was assessed with two rates of three different types of organic-based fertilizers (OBFs) fortified with an inorganic nutrient source. There was also an inorganic fertilizer treatment of NPK 20–10–10 applied at 300 kg ha?1 and a no-fertilizer control treatment. Maize growth was affected by fertilizer type and rate. Organic fertilizer, applied at 5 t ha?1, 3 weeks before maize released enough nutrients to have comparable growth as inorganic fertilizer. Applying the OBF at 2.5 t ha?1 was inadequate to give comparable growth. Application of fortified OBF with total nitrogen content higher than 2.4% N at 5.0 t ha?1 gave maize grain yields comparable with NPK fertilizer. Cowpea yields following early-season maize were highest with DPW + NPK. They were significantly lower with 2.5 t ha?1 of the OBFs. Application of the IAR&T-OBF (OBF made by Institute of Agricultural Research and Training) and decomposed poultry waste (DPW) + NPK at 5.0 t ha?1 gave comparable seed yields significantly higher than OYO-OBF (OBF made by Oyo State Government of Nigeria). NPK fertilizer application supported early-season maize cultivation, but it was not adequate to support the following cowpea. OBF should have nitrogen content up to 2.4% and applied at 5.0 t ha?1 to support an early-season maize cultivation with a late-season cowpea.  相似文献   

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