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1.
不同地表覆盖栽培对旱地土壤有机碳、无机碳和轻质有机碳的影响 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
通过田间长期定位试验,分层采集冬小麦-休闲种植体系0—40 cm土层的土样,研究了常规、地表覆膜和覆草栽培对土壤有机碳、无机碳和轻质有机碳的影响。结果表明,覆膜或覆草可以显著增加地上部小麦生物量和子粒产量。不同地表覆盖对0—40 cm土层的无机碳含量和分布无显著影响,但与常规栽培相比,地表覆膜使0—5 cm土层的有机碳含量显著降低,0—40 cm各土层轻质有机碳表现出明显降低趋势,平均降低 C 6.1~74.5 mg/kg;地表覆草却表现出明显增加土壤轻质有机碳的趋势,0—5,5—10,10—20 cm土层的轻质有机碳含量分别增加C 235.2、190.0和144.9 mg/kg,相当于常规的38.7%,32.9%和34.5%。同时,覆草栽培还表现出降低0—10 cm土层轻质有机质含碳量的趋势,并使0—20 cm土层轻质有机碳占有机碳的比例显著高于常规栽培和地表覆膜处理。可见,地表长期覆膜不利于旱地土壤有机碳累积,覆草不仅可以增加表层土壤的轻质有机碳累积,还可改善土壤碳氮组成。 相似文献
2.
A field experiment was conducted for 10 years to examine the long‐term effects of non‐flooded mulching cultivation on rice yield and soil organic carbon on Chengdu Plain, south‐west China. Compared with traditional flooded cultivation (TF), non‐flooded plastic film mulching (PM) resulted in a 14% higher average rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield. However, non‐flooded straw mulching (SM) decreased the average rice yield by 11% compared with TF. After 10 years, PM led to similar or higher (SM) soil organic carbon (SOC) and total soil N (TN) in the top 5 cm of the soil profile compared with TF. No differences were found among the three cultivation systems in SOC or total N at 5–12 and 12–24 cm soil depths. Small macroaggregates (0.25–2 mm) were predominant in the top 5 cm of the soil (58–63% of whole soil) across the three cultivation systems. However, the proportion of large macroaggregates (>2 mm) from SM and PM was significantly larger than from TF in the top 5 cm of the soil. Non‐flooded mulching cultivation led to increased C and N contents in large macroaggregates and mean weight diameter of aggregates in the 0–5 cm soil depth. This suggests that non‐flooded mulching cultivation increased soil aggregation concomitant with soil C stabilization within the improved soil structure. 相似文献
3.
地膜覆盖对黄土高原旱作春玉米田土壤碳氮组分的影响 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
基于2年田间试验,研究了地膜覆盖对旱作春玉米田土壤有机碳、全氮及其组分的影响,试验包括地膜覆盖玉米田、无覆盖玉米田和裸地休闲3个处理,分层测定了0—40cm土层有机碳、全氮、颗粒有机碳氮、潜在矿化碳氮和微生物量碳氮含量。结果表明:在0—40cm土层,各处理间土壤有机碳和全氮含量均无显著差异。与不覆盖相比,地膜覆盖处理0—40cm土层颗粒有机碳氮及其所占比例分别降低了29.0%,33.3%,29.9%,35.7%;0—10cm土层潜在可矿化碳及其所占比例分别降低了17.8%和16.1%,潜在可矿化氮和微生物量碳及其所占比例无显著差异,但在0—10cm土层地膜覆盖微生物量氮含量及其所占比例分别较不覆盖处理提高了10.6%和10.5%(p0.05)。与裸地休闲相比,无覆盖处理0—40cm土层潜在可矿化碳氮分别提高了12.8%和14.7%,地膜覆盖处理则分别提高了7.8%和6.5%(p0.05),但种植玉米降低了微生物量碳氮含量及其所占比例。在0—40cm土层覆盖与否对潜在可矿化碳氮和微生物量碳氮影响不显著。总体来看,地膜覆盖能够在一定程度上提高表土微生物量氮组分及其所占比例,但显著降低了中活性碳氮组分含量及其比例,不利于长期的土壤碳氮固定。 相似文献
4.
Microbial biomass C (MBC) is one of the soil properties used as an indicator for the fertility status of a soil. A study was conducted on a semi-arid Loess Plateau in China. The field was planted with spring wheat and mulched with plastic film for various lengths of time. Our primary objectives were to (i) explore the influence of film mulching on soil MBC and soil fertility, and (ii) seek an effective approach of maintaining and improving sustainability of cropland mulched with plastic film in two growing seasons. Four treatments were tested, non-mulching (M0), mulching for 30 days after sowing (M30), mulching for 60 DAS (M60) and mulching for the whole growing period (Mw). An increasing air temperature with time within the growing season promoted soil MBC in the two growing seasons, but a severe drought led to a lower MBC in 2000 compared with the wet year of 1999. Film mulching promoted MBC significantly in the 2 years, but decreased soil organic carbon (SOC). SOC is very low in the experimental soil, accounting for the higher MBC/SOC ratio compared with ratios reported by others. The SOC is greatly reduced in the non-mulched and the Mw treatments compared to the M30 and M60 treatments. In conclusion, the benefits of film mulching in semi-arid agricultural systems are enormous but realizing their full potential depends on how long the mulching material is maintained during the growing season. In the system tested, it is desirable to mulch the plots for 30-60 DAS in order to enhance microbial biomass and cycling of nutrients and also to provide a more stable soil micro-environment that generates more residues in the rhizosphere. 相似文献
5.
长期秸秆还田显著降低褐土底层有机碳储量 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
6.
Ming Liu Jia Liu Chunyu Jiang Meng Wu Ruisheng Song Renyi Gui Junxian Jia Zhongpei Li 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(4):917-926
Purpose
Intensive management, such as fertilization and organic mulching, is applied frequently in Lei bamboo (Phyllostachys praecox) plantations to achieve higher production in subtropical China. However, responses as well as key impact factors of soil microbial properties under such management remain uncertain. We analyzed the relationships between nutrient changes and microbial properties and assessed the main factors determining microbial biomass, activity, and functional diversity in soils under intensive management in a Lei bamboo plantation.Materials and methods
Soil samples of treatments of no fertilization (control), chemical fertilization (CF), and chemical and organic fertilization combined with organic mulching (CFOM + M) were taken before mulching. The soil organic carbon (SOC), dissolved organic carbon, and total and available nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) were measured. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC), basal respiration, and mineralization were also analyzed. Community level of physiological profile (CLPP) of microorganisms was analyzed by BIOLOG method to estimate the functional diversity and carbon (C) source utilization patterns of microbes. Principal component analysis (PCA), principal response curve (PRC), correlation analysis, regression analysis, and redundancy analysis (RDA) were performed to clarify changes in variables and determine the factors influencing microbial properties.Results and discussion
SOC and total and available N, P, and K increased as follows: CFOM + M > CF > control. However, C/P and N/P ratios showed an opposite trend. MBC and respiration were not affected, but microbial quotient and metabolic quotient declined under intensive management. McIntosh diversity index was much higher in CFOM + M. The PCA showed that microorganisms in CFOM + M had a stronger ability to use most C sources. Weaker utilization of serine indicated an alleviation of nutrient deficiency in CFOM + M. PRC of CLPP showed a significant treatment effect and that utilization of serine sensitively responded to nutrient status over the whole incubation time. RDA showed that total and available N, total K, and C/P were the main factors influencing utilization of C sources by microbial communities.Conclusions
Fertilization combined with organic mulching increased soil nutrients, microbial biomass, and respiration in a Lei bamboo plantation. Abundant nutrients also increased C source use efficiency of microorganisms under intensive management. Changes of N and K and C/P might have led to a shift in microorganisms toward a different life strategy and determined the change in C source utilization patterns of microbial communities.7.
Zhou Zijun Zeng Xiangzhong Chen Kun Li Zhu Guo Song Shangguan Yuxian Yu Hua Tu Shihua Qin Yusheng 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2019,19(5):2143-2152
Proposal
A 12-year field experiment was conducted to assess straw mulch effects on soil organic carbon fractions, the carbon pool management index (CPMI) at different depths, and crop yield under a no-till rice-wheat rotation system on the Chengdu Plain, southwestern China.
Materials and methodsThere were two treatments in the experiment: no-till without straw mulch (CK) and no-till with straw mulch (SM). The soil was sampled at 0–5, 5–10, 10–20, and 20–30-cm depths. Soil total organic carbon (TOC), the labile organic carbon fractions, including particulate organic carbon (POC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and permanganate-oxidizable carbon (KMnO4-C), and the CPMI were analyzed. The crop grains were measured between September 2013 and May 2018.
Results and discussionBetween 2013 and 2018, rice and wheat grain yields under SM were comparable to CK, except there were higher rice yields in 2016 and higher wheat yields in 2017 under SM. The soil organic carbon decreased as soil depth increased in both treatments. Soil TOC, POC, and KMnO4-C concentrations at 0–5 and 5–10 cm, CPMI at 0–5 and 5–10 cm, and DOC at 0–5, 5–10, and 10–20-cm soil depths were significantly greater under SM than under CK, whereas the MBC at 0–5 and 5–10 cm under SM was lower than CK. The POC/TOC, KMnO4-C/TOC, and DOC/TOC ratios were greater under SM in the 0–5 and 5–10 cm, 0–5 cm, and 5–10 and 10–20-cm layers than CK, respectively, whereas the MBC/TOC ratio decreased under SM at 0–5, 5–10, and 10–20-cm depths.
ConclusionsThe results showed that straw mulching should be adopted when a no-till rice-wheat cropping system is used in southwestern China because it leads to effective improvements in SOC sequestration while still maintaining normal crop yields.
相似文献8.
秸秆和地膜覆盖条件下玉米农田土壤有机碳组分生长季动态 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于黄土高原8 a的春玉米覆盖定位试验,研究了秸秆和地膜覆盖下土壤有机碳、微生物量碳、潜在可矿化碳及颗粒有机碳在作物不同生育期的季节变化特征,探讨旱作农田不同碳组分对地表覆盖的响应规律。结果表明:1)秸秆和地膜覆盖下土壤有机碳及其各组分含量在玉米生长期间总体呈苗期下降、拔节期上升、大喇叭口—抽雄期下降、灌浆和收获期回升的变化趋势。2)与不覆盖对照相比,秸秆覆盖在大部分作物生育期均显著提高了土壤有机碳各组分含量,有助于培肥地力和土壤固碳;而地膜覆盖在作物生育后期导致土壤有机碳及各组分含量显著下降。3)秸秆覆盖下表层土壤颗粒有机碳对总有机碳变化具有重要贡献,地膜覆盖后土壤有机碳变化可能主要来自于潜在可矿化碳和颗粒有机碳,而土壤微生物量碳相对含量在不同处理间差异不大。4)对照和地膜覆盖处理土壤潜在可矿化碳和颗粒有机碳的相对含量在大喇叭口—抽雄期均有显著下降,而秸秆覆盖下两种组分的相对含量则保持平稳,表明秸秆覆盖对生育后期土壤潜在可矿化碳和颗粒有机碳有重要的补给作用。总之,黄土高原的春玉米田秸秆覆盖具有明显的提升土壤有机碳及组分含量的作用,地膜覆盖则无明显效果,且在春玉米生育后期降低了土壤总有机碳及各组分的含量。 相似文献
9.
耕作方式和秸秆还田对砂姜黑土碳库及玉米小麦产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
长期秸秆还田免耕覆盖措施导致沿淮区域砂姜黑土耕层变浅、下表层(10～30 cm)容重增加、土壤养分不均衡等问题凸显,限制了小麦-玉米周年生产力的提高。耕作和秸秆还田措施合理的搭配组合是解决这一问题的有效方法。通过8年的小麦-玉米一年两熟田间试验,设置4个处理:1)玉米季免耕-小麦季免耕秸秆不还田(N);2)玉米季深耕-小麦季深耕秸秆不还田(D);3)玉米季秸秆免耕覆盖还田+小麦秸秆免耕覆盖还田(NS);4)玉米季秸秆免耕覆盖还田+小麦季秸秆深耕还田(DS)。通过分析作物收获后不同土壤深度(0～60 cm)总有机碳(TOC)、颗粒态碳(POC)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)、易氧化态碳(KMnO4-C)、可溶性有机碳(DOC)和土壤碳库管理指数(CPMI),并结合小麦-玉米的周年产量变化,以期获得培肥砂姜黑土的最佳模式。研究结果表明:1)相对于长期免耕措施(N),DS处理能够提高0～30 cm土层TOC、POC、MBC、KMnO4-C等组分含量和CPMI;而NS措施仅提高土壤表层(0～10 cm)TOC、活性有机碳组分含量和CPMI;2)DS处理显著提升了小麦-玉米的周年生产力,其麦玉的周年产量均值分别比N、D和NS处理高出14.7%、12.9%和8.5%;3)MBC和KMnO4-C对于耕作和秸秆还田措施都是较为敏感指示因子。总的来说,玉米季小麦秸秆覆盖还田+小麦季玉米秸秆深耕还田(DS)是改善沿淮地区砂姜黑土土壤碳库、提高小麦-玉米周年产量的一种有效农田管理模式。 相似文献
10.
Pengfei Si Enke Liu Wenqing He Zhanxiang Sun Wenyi Dong Changrong Yan 《Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science》2018,64(3):398-408
The dynamics of soil organic carbon (SOC) is imperative for maintaining soil quality. Our objective was to investigate the effects of tillage practices on SOC and its fractions at the depth (0–60 cm) of Chromic Cambisol profile in northern China. The experiment including no-tillage with straw mulch (NTSM) and conventional tillage (CT). Our results indicated that differences in SOC concentration and stock were primarily evident in the 0–10 cm layer. The particulate organic matter carbon (POM-C), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) levels in the top layers (0–10 cm) under the NTSM treatment were 28.5, 26.1 and 51.0% higher than CT. A positive correlation was observed between these labile C fractions and the SOC, and POM-C was the much more sensitive indicator of SOC quality than MBC and DOC. NTSM was unable to sustain the greater yields, and from 2006 to 2011, the mean maize yield for NTSM was significantly lower than that for CT (P < 0.05). NTSM resulted in higher SOC content and stocks in dryland farming systems but lower crop yields is a concern which needs to be addressed in order to make these systems acceptable to the farming community. 相似文献
11.
深松和秸秆还田对旋耕农田土壤有机碳活性组分的影响 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：4
土壤有机碳(soil organic carbon,SOC)及其活性组分能够敏感响应耕作方式变化及有机物输入。为对比长期旋耕农田进行深松后土壤有机碳各活性组分及比例变化,该研究基于连续7a的旋耕转变为深松和秸秆管理长期定位试验,对比了旋耕无秸秆还田处理(rotary tillage with straw removal,RT)、旋耕秸秆还田处理(rotary tillage with straw return,RTS)、旋耕转变为深松无秸秆还田处理(rotary tillage conversion to subsoiling with straw removal,RT-DT)、旋耕转变为深松秸秆还田处理(rotary tillage conversion to subsoiling with straw return,RTS-DTS)下土壤有机碳(soil organic carbon,SOC)、颗粒有机碳(particulate organic carbon,POC)、易氧化有机碳(readily oxidizable organic carbon,ROC)、微生物生物量碳(microbial biomass carbon,MBC)、溶解性有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)、活性有机碳(labile organic carbon,LOC)在土壤有机碳中比例的变化及各组分间的相互关系。研究结果表明,耕作方式从旋耕转变为深松和秸秆还田对SOC及其各活性组分均产生显著影响,耕作方式转变、秸秆还田及两者的交互效应是影响SOC及其活性组分的主要因素。秸秆还田显著提高了RTS处理和RTS-DTS处理的SOC含量,分别比RT和RT-DT处理高6.1%~15.6%和19.1%~32.3%。并且转变耕作方式后RTS-DTS处理比于RTS处理SOC含量提高16.9%~20.0%。同时,RTS-DTS处理的POC含量比RTS处理高13.6%~53.8%;但RT-DT和RTS-DTS处理的土壤ROC含量较RT和RTS处理都呈下降趋势,RTS-DTS处理的ROC含量比RTS处理下降4.6%~10%;MBC含量降低23.8%~30.6%。虽然秸秆还田显著提高了各处理的DOC含量,但RTS转变为RTS-DTS处理后,其3个土层的DOC含量下降了8%~41%。相比于RT和RTS处理,RT-DT和RTS-DTS处理0~30 cm各土层中LOC在SOC中的比例显著下降。相关性分析结果表明,除POC与ROC之间无显著性相关关系外,SOC及各组分间均呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)的相关关系。耕作方式转变为深松和秸秆还田提高了SOC含量的同时,显著降低了SOC中的活性有机碳组分,这更有利于SOC的有效积累,促进土壤碳库的稳定固存。 相似文献
12.
不同耕作方式对土壤有机碳、微生物量及酶活性的影响 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：10
【目的】依托8年长期(2005~2012)固定道定位试验,研究不同耕作方式对土壤有机碳、土壤微生物量、土壤酶活性在0—90 cm土层的分布特征,为优化中国西北干旱区的耕作方式提供理论依据。【方法】试验包括固定道垄作(PRB)、固定道平作(PFT)与传统耕作(CT)三种耕作模式下的土壤有机碳土壤总有机碳(TOC)、颗粒有机碳(POC)、土壤微生物量碳(MBC)、土壤微生物量氮(MBN)、土壤微生物量磷(MBP)、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶及小麦产量进行了测定和分析。【结果】在0—90 cm土层,不同耕作方式下的TOC、POC、MBC、MBN、MBP、蔗糖酶活性、脲酶活性均随着土层的增加呈下降趋势,过氧化氢酶活性呈先下降后增大的分布特征;在0—60 cm,固定道保护性耕作能够显著增加心土层作物生长带土壤有机碳储量,有机碳储量大小为PRBPFTCT;PRB、PFT较CT可以显著增加0—10 cm作物生长带TOC、POC、MBC、MBN、MBP含量、蔗糖酶、脲酶活性,其大小为PRBPFTCT;耕作方式对过氧化氢酶活性影响不显著;TOC、POC、MBC、MBN、MBP、蔗糖酶活性、脲酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性之间均达到了显著或极显著相关。【结论】PRB较PFT、CT能够提高耕作层(0—10 cm)土壤有机碳含量、土壤微生物量、土壤酶活性, 增加作物产量, 增大0—60 cm土层有机碳储量,耕作方式(PRB、PFT及CT)对10 cm以下土层土壤环境改善作用不明显。 相似文献
13.
为评价不同覆盖材料在避雨葡萄园中的覆盖效果,通过田间试验,采用秸秆(SM)、透明地膜(WM)、反光膜(RM)、地布(CM)4种材料进行地表连续(2017年11月至2018年10月)覆盖处理,以地表裸露为对照(CK),以夏黑葡萄为试材,研究了避雨葡萄园中不同覆盖材料对土壤微生物特征及葡萄生长与品质的影响。结果表明,与CK相比,地布、透明地膜和反光膜覆盖均可提高0~40 cm土层土壤真菌、细菌数量,降低土壤放线菌数量;4种覆盖材料下土壤微生物生物量碳含量和微生物熵均高于CK,而微生物代谢熵则低于CK;随着生育进程的推进,地布、透明地膜和反光膜覆盖下的土壤有机碳含量呈降低趋势,秸秆覆盖则相反;秸秆和地布覆盖处理可增强土壤呼吸强度,透明地膜和反光膜覆盖处理则降低土壤呼吸强度;4种覆盖材料均可增加葡萄根系活力,促进葡萄叶片及新梢生长,提高葡萄果实内在和外在品质。秸秆覆盖下土壤微生物数量及活性最强,其微生物总量、微生物生物量碳含量、微生物熵及土壤呼吸强度分别较CK显著提高20.27%、51.43%、40.38%、13.52%,而其微生物代谢熵较CK显著降低22.51%;秸秆和反光膜覆盖下葡萄果实品质较佳,二者差异不显著,其果实可溶性固形物分别较CK显著提高14.25%、17.74%。本研究结果为避雨葡萄园覆盖材料的选择提供了理论和实践参考。 相似文献
14.
Strategies for mitigating soil organic carbon (SOC) losses in intensively managed agricultural systems typically draw from traditional concepts of soil organic matter formation, and thus emphasize increasing C inputs, especially from slowly decomposing crop residues, and reducing soil disturbance. However these approaches are often ineffective and do not adequately reflect current views of SOC cycling, which stress the important contributions of microbial biomass (MB) inputs to SOC. We examined microbial physiology as an alternate mechanism of SOC accumulation under organic (ORG) compared to conventional (CT) agricultural management practices, where ORG is accumulating C despite fewer total C inputs and greater soil tillage. We hypothesized that microbial communities in ORG have higher growth rates (MGR) and C use efficiencies (CUE) and that this relates to greater MB production and ultimately higher retention of new C inputs. We show that ORG had 50% higher CUE (±8 se) and 56% higher MGR (±22 se) relative to CT (p < 0.05). From in situ 13C substrate additions, we show that higher CUE and MGR are associated with greater rates and amounts of 13C glucose and phenol assimilation into MBC and mineral-associated SOC pools in ORG up to 6 mo after field substrate additions (p < 0.05). ORG soils were also enriched in proteins and lipids and had lower abundances of aromatic compounds and plant lipids (p < 0.05). These results illustrate a new mechanism for SOC accumulation under reduced C inputs and intensive soil disturbance and demonstrate that agricultural systems that facilitate the transformation of plant C into MB may be an effective, often overlooked strategy for building SOC in agricultural soils. 相似文献
15.
免耕覆膜增加中度盐碱土团聚体有机碳和微生物多样性 总被引：6，自引：3，他引：3
不同粒级泥沙流失特征研究可揭示坡面侵蚀机理,表征土壤养分流失状况;而现有研究缺少对不同粒级泥沙流失速率及流失比例的过程性研究。为此,该研究基于连续汇流冲刷试验,研究汇流冲刷次数和坡度对黑土坡面不同粒级泥沙流失特征的影响。试验处理包括6次连续汇流冲刷（1 L/min,每次历时60 min）和2个黑土区典型坡度（5°和10°）。结果表明,汇流冲刷次数对不同粒级泥沙流失速率及比例的影响较坡度的影响明显。试验条件下,<0.25 mm泥沙流失比例最大,其次为1～2、2～5、0.5～1、0.25～0.5、>5 mm泥沙流失比例。随着汇流冲刷次数的增加,<0.25 mm泥沙的平均流失速率由1 965.7～6 698.4 g/(m2·h)显著减小为59.5～80.0 g/(m2·h),该粒级泥沙流失比例亦总体呈现减小的趋势,而1～2 mm泥沙流失比例总体呈现增加的趋势,二者作为侵蚀泥沙的主体,其变化具有明显规律性。因此,<0.25 mm和1～2 mm泥沙流失特征应作为黑土区土壤侵蚀研究的重要部分,进而指导防治措施的布设;同时,建议采用适宜的覆盖措施防治黑土坡面细小颗粒泥沙的流失。 相似文献
16.
Hong-Mei Jiang Jin-Ping Jiang Yu Jia Feng-Min Li Jin-Zhang Xu 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2006,38(8):2350-2358
The dynamics of the soil organic carbon pool and soil fertility were studied in soils with different number of growing years of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) in the semiarid Loess Plateau of China. The soil water content and soil water potential decreased and the depth of desiccated layers grew with the number of growing years of alfalfa. The soil organic C (SOC) cannot be enhanced on short timescales in these unfertilized and mowed-alfalfa grasslands in the topsoil, but the light fraction of organic C (LFOC), soil microbial biomass C (MBC) and microbial biomass N (MBN) all increased with the number of growing years. When alfalfa had been growing for more than 13 yr, the soil MBC increased slowly, suggesting that the MBC value is likely to reach a constant level. SOC, soil total P (STP), available P (AvaiP) and the ratio of SOC to soil total N (C/N) all decreased monotonically with the growing years of alfalfa up to 13 yr and then increased. SOC was significantly positively correlated with STP, AvaiP, soil total C (STC) and soil total N (STN) (R=0.627**, 0.691**, 0.497*, 0.546*, respectively). MBC and LFOC were significantly positively correlated with the number of growing years of alfalfa (R=0.873*** and 0.521*, respectively), and LFOC was more sensitive to vegetation components, degree of cover and landform than to the number of years of growth. SOC showed a significant negative correlation with LFOC/SOC and MBC/SOC (R=−0.689**, −0.693**, respectively). A significant positive correlation exists between MBC and soil inorganic C (SIC). LFOC, MBC, LFOC/SOC and MBC/SOC were all significantly positively correlated with each other. Therefore, practices that involve water-harvesting technologies and add residues and phosphate fertilizer to soils should be promoted to improve soil nutrients and hydration and to postpone the degradation of alfalfa grasslands under long-term alfalfa production. 相似文献
17.
人工林代替天然林后土壤碳库的变化 总被引：19，自引：8，他引：19
Changes in soil carbon pools under Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) and bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescent) plantations substituted for a native forest (Quercus acutissima, Cyclobalanopsis glauca, Cas-tanops~.s sclerophyUa, Platycarya strobilacea, Lithocarpus glaber) were studied on the hills with acid parent rock and soils classified as red soils (Ferrisols) in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province of east China. It was found that total soil organic carbon (TSOC), easily oxidisable carbon (EOC) and water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC) under bamboo plantation were increased, but microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was decreased. On the contrary, Chinese fir induced declines of all fractions of C including TSOC, EOC, WSOC and MBC.The percentages of the active fractions of soil C (EOC and WSOC) were increased in the plantations as compared to the native broad-leaved forest, but proportions of soil organic C as MBC were decreased. It could be concluded that bamboo plantation had a great ability of not only fixing C but also accelerating soil C pool cycle, improving nutrient and microorganism activity; therefore, it is a good ecosystem and could be recommended for wide development. Chinese fir would shrink the soil C pool and deteriorate sou biological fertility, so it did not benefit CO2 fixing and land sustainable utilization. 相似文献
18.
Fertilization generates nutrient patches that may impact soil microbial activity. In this study, nitrogen patches were generated by adding ammonium sulfate or urea to soil columns (length 25 cm; internal diameter 7.2 cm). Changes in nitrogen transformation, soil microbial biomass, and microbial functional diversity with the nitrogen gradients were investigated to evaluate the response of microbial activity to chemical fertilizer nutrient patches. After applying of ammonium sulfate or urea, the added nitrogen migrated about 7 cm. Microbial biomass carbon (MBC) was lower in fertilized soil than in the control (CK) treatment at the same soil layers. MBC increased with soil depth while microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) decreased. BIOLOG analysis indicated that the average well color development (AWCD) and functional diversity indices of the microbial communities were lower in the 1 cm and 2 cm soil layers after application of ammonium sulfate; the highest values were in the 3 cm soil layer. AWCD and Shannon indices from the 1 to 5 cm soil layers were higher than those from other soil layers under urea application. Both principal component analysis and carbon substrate utilization analysis showed significant separation of soil microbial communities among different soil layers under application of ammonium sulfate or urea. Microbial activity was substantially decreased when NH4+-N concentration was higher than 528.5 mg kg−1 (1–3 cm soil layer under ammonium sulfate application) or 536.8 mg kg−1 (1 cm soil layer under urea application). These findings indicated that changes in soil microbial biomass and microbial functional diversity can occur with a nitrogen gradient. The extent of changes depends on the nitrogen concentration and the form of inorganic fertilizer. 相似文献
19.
长期保护性耕作提高土壤大团聚体含量及团聚体有机碳的作用 总被引：20，自引：2，他引：20
【目的】团聚体形成被认为是土壤固碳的最重要机制。本文以河南豫西地区长期耕作试验为研究对象,研究了长期保护性耕作对土壤团聚体性质及土壤有机碳(SOC)含量的影响,为探讨土壤固碳机理,优化黄土高原坡耕地区农田耕作管理措施,实现土壤固碳减排、培肥土壤提供理论依据。【方法】长期耕作试验开始于1999年,试验处理有免耕覆盖(NT)、深松覆盖(SM)和翻耕(CT)。利用湿筛法筛分第3年(2002年)和第13年(2011年)0—10cm和10—20 cm土层中,2000、250~2000、53~250和53μm级别的水稳性团聚体,计算团聚体平均质量直径(MWD),并测定了各级别团聚体的有机碳(SOC)含量。【结果】1)连续13年免耕覆盖和深松覆盖显著提高了土壤表层0—10 cm的SOC含量,分别比翻耕增加了33.47%和44.48%。2011年免耕覆盖和深松覆盖SOC含量较2002年上升了1.92%和8.59%,翻耕下降了18.97%。2)与翻耕相比,免耕覆盖和深松覆盖2000μm团聚体含量显著提高了40.71%和106.75%;53~250μm团聚体含量显著降低了19.72%和22.53%;团聚体平均质量直径显著提高了20.55%和39.68%,显示了土壤结构的明显改善。3)免耕覆盖和深松覆盖显著提高了表层土壤所有团聚体有机碳的含量,尤其以2000μm团聚体提升最多。与翻耕相比,2000μm团聚体有机碳分别提高了40.0%和27.6%。4)免耕覆盖和深松覆盖下表层土壤大团聚体有机碳含量随耕作年限增加,微团聚体有机碳随耕作年限降低。2000μm的土壤团聚体有机碳含量2011年较2002年分别升高了23.93%和7.12%,53~250μm微团聚体有机碳含量分别下降了19.58%和13.27%。【结论】长期保护性耕作(包括免耕覆盖和深松覆盖)可显著提高表层土壤大团聚体含量,降低微团聚体含量,提高团聚体的水稳性,改善土壤结构。同时可增加土壤团聚体有机碳含量,提高土壤肥力。长期保护性耕作在河南豫西丘陵地区是一种较为合理的耕作方式。 相似文献
20.
Soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) are important for maintaining soil fertility, and they are considerably affected by soil use and management. In the present study, we conducted an 8-year ?eld experiment on loessial dryland soil (Eum-Orthic Anthrosol, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)) in the southern Loess Plateau, China. We tested four soil management regimes—i.e., winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivation with phosphorus (P) fertilization (WP), winter wheat cultivation with N and P fertilization (WNP), natural fallow (NF) and bare fallow (BF)—to evaluate their effects on soil C and N fractions. After 8 years, compared with the WNP treatment, the total soil organic nitrogen (SON) in the WP treatment decreased by 14.6% and 36.8%, and microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN) by 35.6% and 61.1%, at 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil depths, respectively. The soil heavy fraction nitrogen (HFN) and light fraction nitrogen (LFN) in the WP treatment also decreased by 36.6% and 39.4%, respectively. Furthermore, BF treatment decreased total soil organic carbon (SOC), heavy fraction carbon (HFC), LFN and MBN at both soil depths with average reductions of 43.4%. The NF treatment decreased light fraction carbon (LFC) by 17.0% at 0–20 cm soil depth, as well as MBN by 24.8% and 71.2%, and inorganic C by 29.1% and 23.8%, at 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil depths, respectively. There was no significant difference of microbial biomass C concentration among the WP, NF and BF treatments. These results confirmed that a lack of N fertilization decreased SON, BF reduced both SOC and SON, and NF decreased soil inorganic C. Therefore, the managements of a recommended rate of N fertilizer application and shortened time of bare fallow are critical for maintaining or increasing SON fraction sequestration, and natural fallow management is not a useful method for maintaining soil fertility in dryland in the Loess Plateau in China.Abbreviations: HFC: heavy fraction carbon; HFN: heavy fraction nitrogen; LFC: light fraction carbon; LFN: light fraction nitrogen; MBC: microbial biomass carbon; MBN: microbial biomass nitrogen; SOC: soil organic carbon; SON: soil organic nitrogen 相似文献