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1.
Potato progenies in a line x tester mating design and the clonal parents were screened for field resistance to potato leafroll virus (PLRV) to determine the heritability of this trait. Twelve advanced potato clones or varieties were crossed as pistillate parents to two pollen testers. The seedling progenies and clonal parents were exposed to aphid-transmitted potato leafroll virus for two growing seasons. Cumulative infection by potato leafroll virus was determined by post-season sero-logical indexing of foliage grown from sprouted tubers after 2 years of exposure. Narrow-sense heritability was estimated from regression of mid-parent on progeny as h = 0.72. This estimate indicates a high level of useabie genetic variance for PLRV resistance in advanced breeding materials. Although variation in resistance to PLRV appears to be a quantitative trait in susceptible and moderately resistant clones, per-formance of the most resistant parents suggests that genes with major effects may be present. These results are similar to the conclusions of other researchers who found one or two genes controlling the pheno-types of extreme resistance, resistance to infection, or suppression of virus titre.  相似文献   

2.
一步法RT-PCR和两步法RT-PCR对马铃薯病毒诊断研究的比较   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
陈阳婷  宁红  张敏 《中国农学通报》2010,26(11):298-302
本研究采用试剂盒和Total试剂两种方法从马铃薯叶片和茎秆中提取总RNA,同时设计了一步法RT-PCR和两步法RT-PCR的反应体系,依据马铃薯X病毒、马铃薯Y病毒、马铃薯S病毒、马铃薯A病毒以及马铃薯卷叶病毒的基因组RNA保守序列设计特异性引物对,并运用两种RT-PCR反应体系对染病的马铃薯进行病毒检测,结果与报道的这五种马铃薯病毒核苷酸序列进行BLAST比对, 表明扩增的五种马铃薯病毒靶带的序列与靶序列完全一致。两种诊断方法对马铃薯病毒核酸进行浓度检测,结果证明,两步法RT-PCR具有较高灵敏性。但这两种方法均可快速、简便、有效地诊断马铃薯病毒。  相似文献   

3.
Resistance to potato viruses was examined in the F1 hybrids (TET) obtained from a cross between a diploid (2n = 24), tuber-bearing interspecific hybrid 87HW13.7 (Solanum tuberosum W231 ×S. multi-dissectum PI 473354) and a diploid (2n = 24), nontuber-bearing wild potato species (S. brevidens CPC 2451) using S. phureja IvP35 (2n = 24) for rescue pollination. The parental plants were susceptible to PVX, whereas two hybrids (TET38.2 and TET38.9) and S. phureja IvP35 reacted with hypersensitivity to PVX. Two hybrids (TET 38.9 and TET 38.12) were extremely resistant to PVY°, which was similar to S. brevidens and S. phureja IvP35, whereas the remaining two hybrids were moderately resistant to PVY°. No resistance to PVA and PLRV was observed in the progenies, in contrast to S. brevidens which was extremely resistant to PVA and PLRV. Hypersensitivity to PVX in two progenies suggested (1) integration by somatic translocation or heterofertilization and expression of genes from the rescue pollinator S. phureja IvP35, or (2) transgressive or complementary gene action.  相似文献   

4.
Summary Four clones of the Chilota Potato Collection from the germplasm bank of the Universidad Austral de Chile, with potential combined resistance to PVX, PVY and PVS, were mechanically inoculated with these viruses in order to demonstrate wether they were truly resistant or not. Virus coat protein in the inoculated clones was determined by means of NCM-ELISA, DAS-ELISA, Western Blot and NASH.Two of the four inoculated clones were resistant to both PVY and PVS. This information will allow the utilization of these two clones in plant breeding programs.Abbreviations NCM-ELISA Nitrocellulose membrane enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay - DAS-ELISA double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay - NASH nucleic acid spot hybridization  相似文献   

5.
为了实现在马铃薯种薯生产田现场同时快速检测马铃薯X（PVX）和Y病毒（PVY）,利用胶体金标记和免疫层析技术研制了PVX-PVY双重检测试纸条。采用柠檬酸三钠还原法制备胶体金溶液,在波长526nm处有最大吸收值,金颗粒直径约25nm。同时标记PVX和PVY兔多克隆抗体,将抗体标记物喷射于玻璃纤维纸上,作为金标垫。将PVX和PVY抗体分别划线于硝酸纤维素膜上作为检测线,将羊抗兔抗体划线于硝酸纤维素膜上作为质控线,制备胶体金试纸条。结果表明,研制的双重试纸条能够在2min之内同时检出PVX和PVY。PVX病汁液检测稀释限度可达106倍（W/V）,PVY可达105倍（W/V）,其中对PVX检测更灵敏。用其他4种常见病毒（PVS、PLRV、PVA和PVM）检测,未出现交叉反应。在田间采集马铃薯叶片,分别利用试纸条与DAS-ELISA检测,结果一致性非常高。由此可知,该试纸条具有操作简便、反应快捷的特点,特别适用于田间及口岸一线对于马铃薯X和Y病毒的同时检测。  相似文献   

6.
The Rysto gene from Solanum stoloniferum introduced into potato cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L. ssp. tuberosum) confers resistance to potato virus A, potato virus V and potato virus Y (PVY). In addition to PVY, tobacco etch virus (TEV) and a TEV construct that encodes β‐glucuronidase (TEV‐GUS) were inoculated to determine the inheritance of resistance to these viruses in progenies obtained from potato cultivars containing the Rysto gene. While cultivars ‘Karlena’ and ‘Delikat’ were susceptible, ‘Bettina’ and clone 927eY were resistant to PVY, TEV and TEV‐GUS, as determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, biotest and GUS assay, respectively. The segregation ratios obtained from the progenies of ‘Bettina’בDelikat’ and 816eY בKarlena’ indicate that resistances to PVY and TEV are governed by one dominant gene or two genes tightly linked in coupling phase. Evidently, Rysto confers broad spectrum resistance to potyviruses. TEV resistance could be reliably detected 4 days after inoculation with the TEV‐GUS construct by GUS assay. Therefore, the GUS‐tagged TEV construct can be used for early selection for resistances based on the gene Rysto or closely linked genes.  相似文献   

7.
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8.
Summary Resistance to potato leafroll virus (PLRV) was detected in an accession of Solanum chacoense. Inoculations with viruliferous aphids and subsequent graft challenges using Datura tatula and potato as PLRV sources determined that resistance appears to be of an extreme type. Virus was not detectable using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in S. chacoense, and in resistant F1 and BC1 progenies after attempts to transmit the virus through grafting. The segregation ratios of BC1 progenies for positive and negative ELISA tests are consistent with simple dominant inheritance.  相似文献   

9.
The types of resistance to viruses in potato are immunity, extreme resistance coded for by the R genes and hypersensitivity coded for by the N genes. Immunity prevents the establishment of virus infection, whereas extreme resistance is expressed as an extremely low virus titre resulting from restricted virus multiplication or localization of virus infection in the plant without obvious necrotic reactions. Expression of the N genes can also lead to localization of the virus infection followed by necrosis at the infection site. Tolerance to virus infection and resistance to inoculation and virus vectors are useful components of field resistance. Virus or virus strain specific resistance genes have been identified in cultivated and wild potato species and transferred to cultivated potato. However, combining resistance to the three globally most important viruses PLRV, PVY and PVX has proved difficult, and new sources of broad spectrum resistance to viruses are required for potato breeding. New molecular techniques will enhance the isolation of the natural resistance genes and studies of gene regulation.  相似文献   

10.
Summary Dihaploids were produced from tetraploids resistant to potato cyst nematode (Globodera pallida (Stone)). High levels of resistance were found in the dihaploids and three were used to produce tetraploid progenies by crossing them with susceptible tetraploid cultivars. One dihaploid, PDH505, produced more highly resistant offspring than the other two, PDHs 417 and 418. The latter gave progenies whose levels of resistance were similar to those obtained from susceptible dihaploids crossed with resistant tetraploids.The differences between the progenies of the resistant dihaploids were probably due to different modes of unreduced gamete formation (PDH505 producing gametes by first division restitution (FDR) and PDHs 417 and 418 by second division restitution (SDR)) although cytological studies would be necessary to confirm this. The methods by which dihaploids could be utilised in a tetraploid potato breeding programme are discussed in relation to the mode of unreduced gamete formation.  相似文献   

11.
A high level of PLRV resistance has been found in four diploid genotypes originating from resistant ancestors widely utilized in European potato breeding. Plants of these genotypes were difficult to infect not only with aphids, but also with graft inoculation. Their resistance is associated with limited virus spread, but not with intolerance. The level of PLRV resistance in these genotypes appears to be comparable to a high level of resistance detected recently in some wild potato species. Evaluation of virus concentration after graft inoculation with PLRV was found useful in the selection of potato genotypes highly resistant to PLRV.  相似文献   

12.
Summary A total of 280 globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) clones were assessed for reaction to naturally occurring artichoke latent virus (ALV) in field trials. Also, the reaction of 17 seed progenies of crosses which produced ALV-resistant clones in the field, 20 self progenies of parental genotypes common to these crosses, self progenies of 17 artichoke cultivars, and 7 accessions ofC. cardunculus andC. syriaca were evaluated in the glasshouse following mechanical inoculation with ALV. The local and systemic presence of ALV, and the relative virus content in infected plants were determined by ELISA.All cultivars and most of the otherC. scolymus material tested (clones and seed progenies) proved to be highly susceptible to ALV. Ten progenies were less susceptible to mechanical inoculation as shown by the moment the virus could be detected, and a slow rate of accumulation of viral antigen. Some plants in two seed progenies possessed apparently a high resistance as could be concluded from the failure of ALV to spread or to multiply in plant.Accessions ofC. cardunculus andC. syriaca were also highly susceptible to ALV. However, an interspecific hybridC. cardunculus x C. syriaca presented the highest level of resistance, the plants remained free of local and systemic infection. Ratios of resistant to susceptible plants in self progenies of resistant plants suggested that this resistance was dominant.  相似文献   

13.
Summary Through recurrent selection and progeny testing, five bitter almond genotypes have indicated dominance of resistance for the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica.All progenies from reciprocal crosses of resistant bitter almonds x susceptible sweet almonds were found completely resistant in four out of five bitter almond progenies. One selection showed near complete dominance of resistance. Progenies of resistant peach x susceptible almond cultivars segregate as to resistance, thus pointing to a possibly different mode of inheritance of nematode resistance in resistant peach as compared with almond.  相似文献   

14.
Summary Verticillium wilt (V. albo-atrum Reinke & Berthold or V. dahliae Kleb) threatens potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production in most growing areas of the world. Genetic resistance offers the most cost-effective and environmentally-sound control measure. However, there is a dearth of genetic and breeding information on resistance to verticillium wilt in potato, because of obscure parentage of some standard cultivars and the complex segregation at the tetraploid level. The wide range of genetic variability in wild relatives of potatoes can be potentially useful as a source of disease resistance, such as verticillium wilt resistance. Six diploid, wild, interspecific Solanum hybrids involving resistant x resistant and susceptible x resistant crosses, were assayed for verticillium wilt resistance under greenhouse conditions to evaluate their potential as sources of verticillium wilt resistance. The cross between S. gourlayi Oka. and S. chacoense Bitt. and its reciprocal had the most resistant progenies based on mean colony counts. No simple mode of inheritance can be proposed based on the observed segregation ratios. However, the continuous distributions observed on verticillium wilt disease response among hybrid families indicate that inheritance of resistance may be polygenic and complex. In addition, skewness of colony count distributions toward the resistance parents were characteristic of all resistant x susceptible crosses suggesting that resistance may be dominant. By contrast, the susceptible x susceptible cross showed a more normal distribution. Overall, the cross between S. gourlayi and S. chacoense showed the most potential as a source of verticillium wilt resistance.  相似文献   

15.
根据PVY、PVS和PLRV外壳蛋白(Coat protein,CP)基因序列的保守区域设计各自的引物,利用三重RTPCR技术实现了在同一反应体系中同时扩增出3种病毒产物.PVY、PVS和PLRV扩增产物测序长度均与目的片段的长度相符,分别为781,181,364 bp;各种病毒产物的测序结果同GeneBank中的序列...  相似文献   

16.
Potato virus Y (PVY) and Potato mop-top virus (PMTV) are viruses whose geographical distribution is expanding and economic losses are increasing, in contrast to most of other viruses infecting potato crops. Most potato cultivars lack broad-spectrum resistance to the new, genetically complex strains of PVY, and no efficient resistance to PMTV is known in potato. Control of the vectors of these viruses is not an efficient or possible strategy to prevent infections. Studies on molecular virus-host interactions can discover plant genes that are important to viral infection or antiviral defence. Both types of genes may be utilized in resistance breeding, which is discussed in this paper. The advanced gene technologies provide means to fortify potato cultivars with effective virus resistance genes or mutated, non-functional host factors that interfere with virus infection.  相似文献   

17.
Twenty-four tetraploid Indian potato cultivars were characterized by using RAPD markers to assess diversity within and between late blight resistant and susceptible cultivars. Sixty-four random decamer primers generated802 fragments, ranging in size from 60–3200 bp, with 96.4% fragment polymorphism. Shannon's index of diversity was used to quantify the degree of variability present within and between the variety types. Most of the diversity was detected within variety types, with 88% of variation being within and 12% being between the resistant and susceptible cultivars. No clear groupings based on late blight resistance and susceptibility or kinship was reflected on the dendogram. The late blight resistant cultivars exhibited higher variability compared to susceptible cultivars and they were more dispersed on the PCO plot. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

18.
Genetic diversity in apricot cultivars based on AFLP markers   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
A set of cultivars used as genitors in apricot breeding programs aimed at introducing sharka resistance were examined by AFLP molecular marker analysis. The markers obtained indicated that apricot cultivars resistant to sharka were related to the European cultivars, but they potentially share a common ancestor donor of sharka outside of the European group. Segregation of AFLP and RAPD markers has been tested in two progenies of two crosses, one between a resistant and a susceptible cultivar and one between two susceptible accessions. The heterozygozity of families obtained from crosses between resistant and susceptible cultivars is similar to those obtained from other self-incompatible Prunus species. On the other hand, heterozygosity of a progeny obtained from a cross between European susceptible cultivars was very low. The usefulness of the information provided by AFLPs for apricot breeding programs is discussed. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

19.
Summary Bell pepper suffers considerable losses from a strain of potato virus Y (PVYo-sbp). Crosses were attempted between two resistant lines Perennial and S41-1 and two highly susceptible bell pepper commercial cultivars California Wonder and Yolo Wonder. Studies of F1's, F2's, back crosses and F3's indicated that Perennial and S41-1 carry a recessive gene imparting resistance to potato virus Y.  相似文献   

20.
E. Drijfhout 《Euphytica》1968,17(2):224-235
Summary Different aspects of pea leafroll, the most important virus disease of peas and Vicia-beans in The Netherlands, are discussed. These aspects include the spread of the virus, the damage done by the disease, the symptoms, the nature of the virus, the vectors and the host plants. Pea leafroll virus (PLRV) is a persistent virus which is invariably transmitted by aphids. The most important vector is the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris. Lucerne actas as a winter host for the virus and the pea aphid. The pea aphids are reared on diseased lucerne plants and are used in a glass-house experiment to test cross populations for resistance. In view of its importance for that test it is necessary to discuss the biology of the pea aphid in some detail. Besides the glasshouse test some field test methods are mentioned.Crosses between Cobri (resistant) and Gloire de Quimper (susceptible) as well as between Wyola (resistant) and Joserva (susceptible) served to study the resistance to the virus in peas. The results of testing well over 3600 plants justified the conclusion that the resistance is inherited as a single recessive character. It is suggested to refer to the gene for susceptibility to PLRV as Lr.  相似文献   

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