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1.
A hot water pressure process (HWP) was evaluated for its effect on conidia of Penicillium expansum and on development of blue mold, gray mold, and mucor rot of d’Anjou pear fruit. Spores were removed from the water system through dilution and also as a result of hot water in the system that was lethal to the spores. When the system was heated, viable spores were not detected after 2–4 h of operation. Reductions in decay in the HWP system were 36, 29, and 13% for Botrytis cinerea, Mucor piriformis, and P. expansum, respectively. The response of P. expansum appeared related to the length of time fruit was in cold storage. Heat injury was observed on fruit treated with 40 and 50 °C water but not on fruit at 30 °C nozzle temperature. The HWP system described in this study should be considered as a component of an integrated decay control strategy.  相似文献   

2.
Infection of citrus fruit by postharvest pathogens often occurs in the field prior to harvest; therefore, it could be advantageous to apply biocontrol agents before harvest, which would reduce initial infection and then remain active and control pathogens in storage and under commercial conditions. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the effectiveness of different formulations of Pantoea agglomerans applied preharvest for controlling postharvest diseases on citrus. Results confirmed the protective effect of the additive Fungicover (FC) on populations of P. agglomerans exposed to non-conducive field conditions. In general, when osmotic-adapted and lyophilised P. agglomerans cells were used in bacterial treatments, these treatments showed greater survival rates than treatments with non-osmotic-adapted or fresh cells under field conditions. However, this superiority was only found when Fungicover was also added to suspensions of bacterial treatments. Therefore, bacterial treatments with Fungicover had population levels of P. agglomerans cells 1.2 and 2.8 log CFU cm−2 higher than bacterial treatments without Fungicover during field experiments. These results allowed us to conclude that it is possible to improve environmental stress tolerance and ecological competence of P. agglomerans cells by integrating certain formulation strategies. Consequently, the improved formulation of P. agglomerans provided an effective control for orange fruit against natural postharvest pathogen infections and artificial infections of Penicillium digitatum with values of decay reduction higher than 50%. These latter results also demonstrated that it is possible to control postharvest pathogens using bacterial preharvest treatments.  相似文献   

3.
A new strain of Metschnikowia pulcherrima (MACH1) was studied for its efficacy as a biocontrol agent against Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Alternaria alternata on apples stored for 8 months at 1 °C. The results of two semi-commercial trials demonstrated the efficacy of the biocontrol strain MACH1. In order to understand the mechanism of action involved, the yeast strain was investigated for its competitive ability for iron against postharvest pathogens of apple. M. pulcherrima strain MACH1 was cultivated on PDA with different concentrations of iron (supplemented as FeCl3) against A. alternata and B. cinerea. The yeast strain MACH1 produced a wider pigmented inhibition zone against both pathogens in low iron amendments while less inhibition was measured with increased iron concentrations. At the coloured inhibition zone, B. cinerea and A. alternata conidia did not germinate and mycelial degeneration was observed. In addition, a high reduction in infection by both pathogens was recorded in apples treated with M. pulcherrima strain MACH1 supplemented with low iron amendments compared to higher iron concentrations. The same experiments were carried out in vivo and in vitro against P. expansum. M. pulcherrima strain MACH1 amended with low iron concentration (5 μg mL−1 FeCl3), showing modest lesion diameter reduction and no effect on P. expansum under increased iron and without iron amendments. This study illustrated that iron depletion by the yeast strain MACH1 under low iron conditions could reduce the growth of some postharvest pathogens in vitro and in vivo. Although, iron depletion seems to be a primary mode of action against the postharvest pathogens studied, other mechanisms of action cannot be excluded in the biocontrol employed by M. pulcherrima strain MACH1.  相似文献   

4.
The yeast Pichia guilliermondii was examined for its ability to control Rhizopus nigricans on tomato fruit during storage, and in order to highlight the reason for biocontrol, a possible mode of action is discussed. Results showed that autoclaved yeast culture and culture filtrate had no effect on controlling the postharvest disease caused by R. nigricans, although inoculation of P. guilliermondii prior to R. nigricans resulted in enhanced biocontrol efficacy. Moreover, rapid colonization of the yeast on wound sites was observed during the initial 3 days at 20 °C, and then the population stabilized for the remaining 4 days. This phenomenon indicated that at room temperature, P. guilliermondii could acclimatize itself to the environment of tomato fruit wounds and occupy the living space quickly. The results indicate that P. guilliermondii did not produce an antifungal substance, however, competition for nutrients and space on wounds appeared to play a role in the activity of the biocontrol and could be one of the mechanisms. In addition, the fruit inoculated with P. guilliermondii demonstrated changes in peroxidase (POD), polyphenoloxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chitinase (CHI) and β-1,3-glucanase activities, all of which were correlated with the onset of induced resistance. This result suggests that tomato fruit is capable of responding to the yeast P. guilliermondii, which could activate defensive enzymes and thereby induce host disease resistance.  相似文献   

5.
Gray mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is the main postharvest decay of table grapes. It can develop in the vineyard and spread rapidly among berries after harvest, during long distant transport, cold storage and shelf-life. In conventional agriculture, bunches are sprayed with fungicides after flowering, at pre-bunch closure, at veraison, and later, depending on the time of harvest. Harvested bunches are usually stored in the presence of sulfur dioxide. However, the use of synthetic fungicides and of sulfur dioxide is not allowed on organic grapes and the study of alternative methods to control postharvest decay has developed over several decades, along with the demand for safer storage methods. This review summarizes the results published in the field within the last 5 years (2006-2010). We can group these approaches as follows: (i) biocontrol agents; (ii) natural antimicrobials; (iii) GRAS type decontaminating agents; and (iv) physical means. Two biocontrol agents, Muscodor albus and Hanseniaspora uvarum, have shown equal or better effectiveness than conventional methods to control gray mold of table grapes in laboratory scale experiments. Currently, the bottleneck for the commercial use of biocontrol agents is that the registration process is comparable to that of fungicides, with similar costs but often with a narrower market. This delays their transition from experimental to practical use. Natural antimicrobials, such as salts, chitosan, and plant extracts, have demonstrated good results and often have been applied in various scales. Several GRAS-classified sanitizers have been tested to extend postharvest storage of table grapes, including acetic acid, electrolyzed oxidizing water, ozone, and ethanol. Physical technologies involving variations in temperature, UV-C irradiation, pressure or changing atmospheric composition, are all postharvest practices which require significant adaptation by an industry which is accustomed to minimal intervention during harvest. Overall, the use of ozone and of calcium chloride are two promising examples of treatments that are beginning to be adopted on a commercial scale. The requirements for the optimal treatment of grapes against gray mold before harvest or during storage are summarized.  相似文献   

6.
Three selected biocontrol yeasts, known for their elevated antagonistic activity against several fungal pathogens, were tested in vitro for compatibility with common fungicides. The antagonists were resistant to several fungicides, but they were inhibited by triazoles and dithiocarbamates. The yeast isolate LS28 (Cryptococcus laurentii), which tolerated in vitro high rates of benzimidazoles, was tested, alone or in combination with a low dose (10% of the full label rate) of thiabendazole, against grey mould on stored apples. Wounded fruit were inoculated with thiabendazole resistant and sensitive isolates of Botrytis cinerea, applied separately or as a mixture. A more effective and prolonged control of fungal decay was always exerted by the biocontrol yeast applied together with thiabendazole at a low dose. This treatment provided synergistic effects and was markedly better than treatments applied separately, whereas the fungicide applied alone at the highest label dose was ineffective in the presence of the isolate of B. cinerea resistant to thiabendazole. The biocontrol yeast applied alone provided significant protection of apples stored for up to 12 days at 20 °C (from 39 to 81% less decay than untreated control), whereas the fungicide alone at low or high dose was always ineffective in the presence of the B. cinerea isolate resistant to benzimidazoles. The integrated treatment was highly effective and durable showing high reduction of decay (from 66 to 92%) even after 18 days of storage. This study suggests that the integration of a biocontrol agent with a low rate of fungicide may be a useful alternative strategy to manage both sensitive and resistant isolates of fungal pathogens efficiently and to reduce risks involved with extensive use of synthetic chemicals.  相似文献   

7.
Fifty-one endophytic isolates of Aureobasidium pullulans were obtained from the flesh of sweet cherries and extensively screened to evaluate their biocontrol activity against postharvest rots of sweet cherries and table grapes. Preliminary analysis of all isolates by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) with three different primers showed the presence of a high genetic variability and enabled isolates not showing any genetic difference to be discarded. Thirty-five isolates with different RAPD electrophoresis patterns had a wide range of biocontrol activity against Botrytis cinerea and Monilinia laxa on single-wounded berries of sweet cherries and table grapes with a reduction of decay from 10 to 100%. Two isolates (533 and 547) significantly reduced B. cinerea on table grape berries also when applied 6, 12, and 24 h after the pathogen inoculation. In a 2-year period of investigation (1998–1999), a reduction of total rots ranging from 32 to 80% (sweet cherries) and from 59 to 64% (table grape) was achieved with isolates 533 and 547 applied after harvest. Preharvest applications of isolate 547 significantly reduced postharvest rots of sweet cherries and table grapes by 47 and 38%, respectively. On the whole, isolates 533 and 547 were more effective than A. pullulans L47, a biocontrol agent of postharvest diseases with a known activity. Population studies demonstrated that isolate 547 was able to survive under field conditions, to increase its population during cold storage, and to penetrate the flesh of sweet cherries when applied during flowering.  相似文献   

8.
The importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant defense responses against certain pathogens is well documented. There is some evidence that microbial biocontrol agents also induce a transient production of ROS in a host plant which triggers local and systemic defense responses to pathogens. The ability of biocontrol agents used to control postharvest diseases to induce defense-related oxidative responses in fruits, however, has not been explored. Here we show that the yeast antagonists, Metschnikowia fructicola (strain 277) and Candida oleophila (strain 182) generate greater levels of super oxide anion (O2−) on intact fruit surfaces (poor in nutrients) then those applied on a nutrient-poor agar medium. Even though yeast antagonists show a high level of O2− on nutrient-rich media, when applied on fruits around wounds (areas abundant in nutrients) accumulation of O2−, as detected by nitro blue tetrazolium staining, occurred much more rapidly on the latter. Using laser scanning confocal microscopy we observed that the application of M. fructicola and C. oleophila into citrus and apple fruit wounds correlated with an increase in H2O2 accumulation in host tissue. In citrus fruit, the level of H2O2 around inoculated wounds increased by 4-fold compared to controls (wounds inoculated with water) as early as 18 h after inoculation. Yeast continued to stimulate H2O2 production in citrus fruit up to 66 h after inoculation and H2O2 levels were still 3-fold above the control. Living yeast cells were detected in fruit wounds at this time point indicating the ability of M. fructicola to tolerate host ROS, which has been reported to be an intrinsic characteristic of efficient yeast antagonists. Similar increase in H2O2 accumulation around yeast-inoculated wounds was observed in apple fruit exocarp. The present data, together with our earlier discovery of the importance of H2O2 production in the defense response of citrus flavedo to postharvest pathogens, indicate that the yeast-induced oxidative response in fruit exocarp may be associated with the ability of specific yeast species to serve as biocontrol agents for the management of postharvest diseases.  相似文献   

9.
Common food additives (sodium bicarbonate (SB), sodium carbonate (SC), and potassium sorbate (PS)) were compared to the fungicide fludioxonil for the control of gray mold on California-grown ‘Wonderful’ pomegranates artificially inoculated with Botrytis cinerea and stored at 7.2 °C in either air or controlled atmosphere (CA, 5 kPa O2 + 15 kPa CO2) conditions. Fludioxonil was superior to other treatments. PS was the most effective additive. Synergistic effects between antifungal treatments and CA storage were observed. After 15 weeks of storage at 7.2 °C, the combination of PS treatment (3 min dip in 3% solution at 21 °C) and CA storage was as effective as the combination of heated fludioxonil (30 s dip in 0.6 g L−1 of active ingredient at 49 °C) and air storage. Mixtures of PS with SB or SC did not improve the efficacy of either treatment alone. In tests conducted in commercial facilities, decay development and external and internal fruit quality were assessed on naturally infected pomegranates stored in either air or CA after application of a selected postharvest antifungal combined treatment (CTrt) integrating PS, SB + chlorine, and fludioxonil. CTrt was effective in controlling natural gray mold after 6 weeks of storage at 8.9 °C, but lacked persistence and it was not effective after 14 weeks. CA storage greatly enhanced decay control ability of CTrt. Skin red color was better maintained in CA-stored than in air-stored fruit. Juice color and properties (SSC, TA, and pH) were not practically affected by either postharvest treatment or storage condition. The integration of PS treatments with CA storage could provide an alternative to synthetic fungicides for the management of pomegranate postharvest decay.  相似文献   

10.
The objective in the present study was to investigate the survival and effectiveness of different biological agent Pantoea agglomerans formulations against Penicillium spp. with different preharvest treatments. Results indicated a high sensitivity of non-adapted and osmotic-adapted P. agglomerans cells to environmental conditions in the field, resulting in preharvest treatments which were ineffective against Penicillium spp. In the second part of this study, dry conditions and solar radiation were identified as important environmental conditions that seriously affect populations of P. agglomerans cells. Different formulation strategies were tested in order to improve the resistance of cells to unfavourable environmental conditions. Osmotic-adapted P. agglomerans cells in the presence of 25 g L−1 of NaCl in the production medium [osmotic-adapted treatment (P25)] or at water activities (aw) of 0.98 [osmotic-adapted treatment (P98)] had higher survival rates than non-adapted cells, when these cells were sprayed on oranges and stored in hermetically sealed chambers at a low RH of 43%. Among seven additives tested, the presence of 5% Fungicover in the bacterial suspension improved adherence and persistence of P. agglomerans cells on oranges exposed to unfavourable conditions. Therefore, while P. agglomerans cells sprayed alone had log values of 0.5 CFU cm−2, in combination with Fungicover the population level of P. agglomerans cells reached log values of 5 and 4.2 CFU cm−2, at 0 and 24 h after application. Lyophilised cells showed greater resistance to unfavourable environmental conditions than fresh cells. The present study has demonstrated that the formulation improvement can provide better performance of biocontrol agents under environmental conditions non-conducive for growth and survival.  相似文献   

11.
生防菌防治果蔬采后病害的研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
从生防菌抗逆性强、能够定殖于果实表面等特点,以及预防果蔬采收前后病害潜伏侵染途径等方面,阐述了多菌种联用、与化学杀菌剂联用、利用添加剂增强防效、与其它措施结合使用、构建基因工程菌等果蔬采后病害防治研究进展及相关应用概况。  相似文献   

12.
黄冠梨采后商品化处理与贮藏保鲜关键技术   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4       下载免费PDF全文
黄冠梨采后贮藏期间容易出现果面褐斑和软化与腐烂现象。本文概述了黄冠梨采收、分级、包装、预冷和1-MCP等商品化处理和冷藏保鲜技术,旨在为黄冠梨的采后保鲜实践提供技术指导及参考借鉴。  相似文献   

13.
Chemical fungicides have been intensively used in the control of postharvest decay in fruit in postharvest conditions; nevertheless, continuous use of these fungicides has faced two major obstacles: development of pathogen resistance to many key fungicides, and public knowledge on the health and environmental hazards of these compounds. This study evaluated the efficacy of Lactobacillus plantarum A7, thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) essential oils and the combination of these three elements as postharvest biocontrol agents against Botrytis spp. on strawberry fruit. Thyme oil had a remarkable antifungal effect against Botrytis spp. in vitro, whereas an inhibitory effect of cumin oil was achieved in higher concentrations. With thyme oil (2 h after artificial inoculation of the fruit), among three tested concentrations, only the 200 μL/L concentration showed an inhibitory effect on strawberries against Botrytis spp. (91.97%), while higher concentrations of cumin oil were required to prevent decay significantly. Both combinations of L. plantarum+ cumin oil and L. plantarum+ thyme oil completely inhibited the mycelia growth of the pathogens in vitro. Results showed that the combined treatments of strawberry fruit with L. plantarum+ cumin oil (50 μL/L) and L. plantarum+ thyme oil (100 μL/L) resulted in remarkably improved control of Botrytis infections, in comparison to the stand-alone application of L. plantarum A7 or essential oils. Quality (i.e. pH, acidity and ascorbic acid content) and sensory attributes of the strawberry fruit were better in the case of using cumin compared to thyme oil, when a combination of L. plantarum A7 and essential oils was used. This study has demonstrated that the integration of L. plantarum A7 with thyme and cumin essential oils is a potential biocontrol tool as a biofungicide in postharvest stage.  相似文献   

14.
为探索丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)在牡丹组培中的应用,解决牡丹组培苗生根难、移栽成活率低等瓶颈问题,培育优质牡丹菌根化组培苗,以多个牡丹品种和杂交系组培苗为接种对象,设计筛选AMF接种剂种类和接种时期的最佳组合。结果表明：瓶内接种,在根长≥2.0 cm时接种AMF的菌根苗,AM菌根的侵染率与侵染强度最高,根长和根数分别比不接种AMF（对照）增长了49.29%和46.99%。AMF对不同品种的影响不一致,对于‘Z1-10-3’,接种混合孢子Glomus geosporum+Glomus mosseae(Gg+Gm)的侵染率(93.12%)与侵染强度(31.23)最高,极显著(P=0.01)高于单一接种剂Glomus mosseae(Gm)和Glomus geosporum(Gg);‘Z1-WM’接种Gg+Gm的侵染率(95.96%)与侵染强度(33.33)也最高,其次是Gg,然后是Gm;对于‘乌龙捧盛’,接种Gg的侵染率(85.76%)和侵染强度(25.80)最高。瓶内接种AMF能更有效地提高牡丹组培苗移栽成活率45.88个百分点。因此,牡丹组培苗在瓶内根长≥2.0 cm时接种混合AMF孢子,可实现组培苗菌根化过程,且其移栽成活率有效提高。  相似文献   

15.
Penicillium expansum is one of the most important pathogens that cause blue mold in stored apples. Due to the development of resistance to the postharvest fungicide, thiabendazole (TBZ), an increase in blue mold has been observed in apple storages. The sensitivity of three TBZ-sensitive and three TBZ-resistant isolates of P. expansum to diphenylamine (DPA), scald inhibitor, was tested in vitro. Of the 94 isolates, collected later in the storage season, 41% were found resistant to both DPA and TBZ. To manage the fungicide resistance, a reduced-risk fungicide, fludioxonil, was tested against blue mold caused by TBZ-sensitive and -resistant P. expansum on ‘McIntosh’ apples treated with or without 1000 μg ml−1 of diphenylamine. Fruit were assessed for disease and scald incidence during storage. Diphenylamine controlled scald in treated fruit. Higher disease incidence of blue mold was observed in apples treated with diphenylamine and low concentrations of fludioxonil (3, 5, and 75 μg ml−1). DPA neither positively nor negatively affected the control of blue mold when DPA was applied together with 150, 300 and 600 μg ml−1 of fludioxonil during 12 weeks of storage at 4 °C.  相似文献   

16.
Combinations of various heat treatments with individual fruit sealing, packaging in polyethylene liners or waxing were tested as means to control pathological and physiological spoilage of ‘Oroblanco’ fruit (Citrus grandis L.×C. paradisi Macf.). The following heat treatments were used: curing at 36°C for 72 h, hot water dip at 52°C for 2 min or ‘hot drench brushing’ at 52, 56 or 60°C for 10 s. The standard packinghouse treatment included waxing with addition of thiabendazole (TBZ) and 2,4- isopropyl ester. The fruit was stored for 2 weeks at 1°C (simulated low-temperature quarantine treatment), followed by 12–13 weeks at 11°C (simulated sea transportation to Japan) and 1 additional week at 20°C (simulated retail shelf-life period). The lowest weight loss and the highest firmness were observed with individually sealed fruit. Polyethylene liners were usually more efficient for weight loss control than waxing. However, the liner packaging enhanced the risk of postharvest disease development, if not accompanied by appropriate decay-controlling measures. Applying TBZ, hot water dip or curing controlled the development of postharvest pathogens, especially that of Penicillium molds. In another trial, both hot drench brushing at 56 or 60°C and hot water dip reduced decay incidence. Hot drench brushing at 60°C and hot water dip slowed fruit softening and reduced buttons abscission. In addition, the hot drench brushing at 60°C significantly delayed the loss of ‘Oroblanco’ green rind color, especially at the stylar and stem ends of the fruit. The hot dip at 52°C inhibited yellowing only when combined with individual seal-packaging.  相似文献   

17.
The objectives of this study were to develop primers and a real time PCR protocol for the postharvest biocontrol yeast Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum (Cim). The application of this technology was developed to quantify Cim on the surfaces of apple, two pear cultivars, and sweet cherry fruit treated over a range of concentrations. Statistically significant relationships were observed between Cim DNA on fruit surfaces, expressed as μg/m2, and CFU/L of dip suspensions for apple, pear, and sweet cherry. In addition, the relationship for each fruit was significantly different from the other three fruits. Threshold values of concentrations of Cim DNA on the fruit surface were calculated based on regression equations and a dose of 2.0 × 1011 CFU/L of dip suspension, the dose for optimum decay control, and were 4.8, 7.0, 16.5, and 25.2 μg/m2 for Bosc pear, Lapins sweet cherry, d’Anjou pear, and Golden Delicious apple, respectively. Monitoring Cim DNA concentration on fruit surfaces will assure that Cim is being properly applied to fruit and that a sufficient number of cells are present for optimum decay control.  相似文献   

18.
In Israel, black spot caused by Alternaria alternata is the main postharvest factor that impairs the quality and reduces the storability of persimmon fruit (Diospyros kaki cv. Triumph). The fungus infects the fruit in the orchard and remains quiescent until harvest. After harvest, the pathogen slowly colonizes the fruit during storage at 0 °C, which elicits black spot symptom development 2–3 months after storage entry. A commercial postharvest dip treatment in chlorine at 500 mg L?1, released from sodium troclosene tablets, effectively controlled black spot in fruit stored for up to 2 months. However, decay incidence increased as the length of storage was extended beyond 2.5 months. The long incubation period that precedes black spot symptom development after harvest enabled the development of a series of integrative approaches for application at the pre- and postharvest stages, in combination with the commercial chlorine dip treatment, to improve the control of black spot disease. Preharvest treatments included treatment with the cytokinin-like N1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N3-phenylurea (CPPU) 30 d after fruit set, or a single spray with the curative fungicide polyoxin B 14 d before harvest, and when one of these was applied in combination with the postharvest chlorine dip treatment, the black spot infected area was reduced by 3 and 60%, respectively, compared with the chlorine dip alone. At the postharvest stage, fogging during storage, or post-storage on-line spraying with sodium troclosene, when applied in combination with the postharvest chlorine dip, improved the percentage of marketable fruit by 2 or 10%, respectively, compared with the chlorine dip alone. The results indicate that postharvest pathogens that show a slow colonization pattern might enable the integration of pre- and postharvest disease control methods to improve quality and reduce postharvest disease development.  相似文献   

19.
Raspberries are fruit with high metabolism that makes them very perishable, impairing their storage and shelf-life. Chitosan coatings have the potential to improve their postharvest life by reducing water loss, respiration rate and decay incidence. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of different concentrations of chitosan, applied pre- or postharvest, on the retention of quality attributes of fresh raspberries. The chitosan concentrations tested were 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0%. The postharvest treatment was applied immediately after harvest, dipping the fruit in the solutions for 5 min. The pre-harvest treatment was done with one hand-spray application per week for three weeks, starting when the fruit were just turning pink. In both experiments the fruit were stored at 0 °C and 90% RH. Pre- or postharvest use of chitosan at 1 or 2% was effective in maintaining titratable acidity and retarding respiration and ethylene production, weight loss and decay incidence. Application by both means resulted in the highest chitosan concentrations accelerating a reduction of ascorbic acid contents. Firmness was maintained only when the fruit were treated pre-harvest at 2%. Thus, application of chitosan at 1 or 2% postharvest and 2% pre-harvest was able to retain key raspberry quality attributes for 15 and 12 days, respectively.  相似文献   

20.
为评估产紫青霉对烟草根结线虫病的生防潜质,采用产紫青霉K1对南方根结线虫二龄幼虫及卵的活性进行了室内生测,同时利用了产紫青霉K1生物菌剂对烟草根结线虫病进行了2年2地的田间防效测定。结果表明：（1）产紫青霉K1菌株对南方根结线虫具有较强的毒杀活性,48 h对根结线虫2龄幼虫的校正致死率高达94.53%,对卵孵化的相对抑制效率达90.75%;（2）3种用量的产紫青霉对烟草根结线虫的防治效果及烤烟综合农艺性状、产质量和均价均优于33.00 kg/hm2的淡紫拟青霉,其中以41.25 kg/hm2产紫青霉的防治效果、综合农艺性状、产值量和均价最好,平均防效为80.60%,烟叶产量、产值和均价分别为2119.50 kg/hm2、56762.77元/hm2和26.78元/kg。因此,产紫青霉K1在烟草根结线虫生物防治领域具有较大的潜能,可作为攀枝花烟草根结线虫病生防菌加以开发应用,推荐使用方法及用量为在烟草移栽时使用41.25 kg/hm2产紫青霉K1一次。  相似文献   

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