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1.
Twenty-one (near) pentaploid hybrids between sexually incompatible Solanum
commersonii [2x(1EBN)] and cultivated S. tuberosum [4x(4EBN)] were characterized for tuber traits and fertility. A number of genotypes resembled the S. tuberosum type in terms of stolon length and eye depth and produced tubers under long day conditions. Tuber yields were not as high
as expected, probably due to lack of adaptation of the S. commersonii genome to the environmental conditions in southern Italy (on average 325 g·pt−1 and 285 g·pt−1 in 2003 and in 2004, respectively). Compared to 2004, in the summer of 2003, characterized by extremely high temperatures,
hybrids gave a higher tuber yield than the S. tuberosum control, suggesting that in our environmental conditions the wild S. commersonii genome, rather than resulting in heterosis for tuber yield, provides better adaptation to harsh environments. Although aneuploidy
has often been associated with reduced fertility, several hybrids were fertile in crosses with S. tuberosum when used as female parents. In particular, the average berry set and number of seeds per berry were 38.2% and 31.8%, respectively.
Based on significant relationships between ploidy levels and all yield and fertility data measured, the presence of extra
chromosome affected the parameters considered: tuber yield in 2003 and 2004, percentage of fruit set, number of seeds per
berry and number of seeds per pollinated flower. Regression analysis also indicated that “Residuals” were significant for
all parameters measured. Therefore, additional factors (e.g. the genetic makeup of hybrids) may be key to fertility and yield. 相似文献
2.
T-type is a common chloroplast DNA type among modern potato varieties (Solanum tuberosum), their progenitor Chilean tuberosum, and a diploid wild species S. tarijense. To recreate Chilean tuberosum, we made 983 pollinations between 10 accessions of T-type chloroplast DNA-holding S. tarijense used as females and 32 Andean tetraploid landraces (Andigena) used as males, from which 14 tetraploid hybrids were obtained. These interspecific hybrids grew vigorously with long stolons, flowered well with high male and female fertilities, and matured 1 month later than modern varieties. Seedlings of selfed and sib-crossed interspecific hybrids were artificially selected for tuber yield under long days. The selected clones were grown in the field, of which two clones produced over 1 kg of edible tubers per plant. These results lend experimental support to the hypothesis that the Chilean tuberosum originated by selection for long-day adaptability from tetraploid hybrids that occurred by fertilization of a 2n egg of S. tarijense and n pollen of Andigena. 相似文献
3.
John O. Rasmussen Jens Peter Nepper Hanne-Grete Kirk Karl Tolstrup Ole S. Rasmussen 《Euphytica》1998,102(3):363-370
Five dihaploid Solanum tuberosum genotypes, encompassing different levels of polygenically inherited resistance to potato
late blight disease (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) in foliage and tubers, were used in four intraspecific protoplast
fusion combinations. Vigorous growing putative hybrid calli were selected four weeks after electrofusion. Intact plants were
regenerated from 6% of the selected calli. Verification of hybridity was accomplished by use of RAPD analysis which revealed
that 53% of the regenerated plants were true somatic hybrids. The score of true somatic hybrids in the different fusion combinations
ranged within 21% – 100%. The hybrid plants were analysed for resistance to foliage blight in a field trial and assessed for
tuber blight resistance by use of a laboratory test. Resistance to late blight in foliage and tubers varied between the hybrids.
Very high levels of resistance to both foliage and tuber blight were obtained in some hybrids. However, loss of resistance
in some hybrids as compared to the parental plants were also observed. Possible reasons for the phenotypic disappearance of
resistance to either foliage or tuber blight are suggested.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
Tetsuya Yamada Kazuyoshi Hosaka Kumi Nakagawa Noriyo Kaide Shuji Misoo Osamu Kamijima 《Euphytica》1998,102(2):239-246
Eleven somatic hybrids (2n = 68 to 74) obtained between S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum cv. Dejima (2n = 48) and ATDH-1 (2n =
24), an anther-culture-derived dihaploid of S. acaule (Yamada et al., 1997), were characterized by nuclear RFLP markers using
49 single-copy DNA probes distributed throughout the potato genome (2 to 6 probes per chromosome). One of the somatic hybrids,
DA8-2, had 72 chromosomes and all the Dejima- and ATDH-1-specific markers (124 and 103 bands, respectively), suggesting the
presence of a whole set of both parental chromosomes. The other somatic hybrids lost varying numbers of markers up to seventeen.
The pattern of the loss of markers indicated the elimination of five chromosomes among four somatic hybrids. A nucleolar organizer
region of chromosome 2 was often eliminated in the somatic hybrids. The somatic hybrids studied here had higher frequencies
of multivalent formation than the S. tuberosum parent. They had reasonably good seed set when pollinated with S. tuberosum
pollen. Hence, homoeologous recombination between S. acaule and S. tuberosum chromosomes is possible and useful traits from
S. acaule may be transferred to the S. tuberosum gene pool.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
马铃薯硼素吸收分配规律及施肥的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
为掌握马铃薯栽培的养分吸收与生理调控,以马铃薯品种紫花白为材料,对内蒙古土默川平原地区马铃薯钼吸收规律及施肥的影响进行了研究。试验设置对照(CK)、有机肥(M)、氮磷肥(NP)、有机肥与氮磷肥配合(M+NP)4个处理。结果表明:随着生育期向成熟期的推进,叶片中硼的含量大幅度上升,茎和块茎硼含量均缓慢下降。全生育期平均叶、茎、块茎硼含量分别为40.8,27.5,12.9 mg/kg;全株和块茎硼素吸收量动态变化可分别用一元三次方程和Logistic方程理想模拟。硼的最大吸收量出现在出苗后86 d(淀粉积累期),最快吸收速率出现在出苗后55 d左右(块茎增长初期)。有机肥、氮磷肥均可显著促进硼的吸收,有机肥与氮磷肥配合对硼的吸收有正交互效应,大幅度提高了硼的吸收量;随着生长中心由茎向块茎的转移,硼在茎叶中的分布逐渐下降,块茎中分布逐渐上升。淀粉积累期茎和叶中硼的分布为60%,块茎为40%,即块茎硼的运转率为40%。有机肥和氮磷肥配合,提高了硼的运转率。马铃薯硼的消耗系数平均0.002,生产效率平均173,每生产1 000 kg块茎(鲜)需吸收硼素5.5~6.1 g,平均5.8 g。 相似文献
6.
利用能产生2n配子的二倍体杂种与四倍体普通栽培种(S.tuberosum L.)和四倍体新型栽培种(Neo—tuberosum)进行了2x-2x,4x-2x和2x-4x间的杂交,获得了18个杂交组合的4x杂种家系,将这些家系与其10个4x亲本品种(品系)及对照品种在同一地点进行了连续两年的比较试验。结果表明:4x杂种家系单株平均块茎产量比亲本两年分别高16％和19％;其中最好的6个杂种家系比较好的4个品种(品系)分别高20％和43％;杂种产量的优势主要表现在单株块茎数目的显著增多,但在块茎商品率方面则与4x亲本差异不显著,而且杂种块茎的表现还不如4x亲本及对照品种,这是由于具2n配子特性的2x亲本这些性状较差所致。试验结果还表明杂种的遗传背景愈复杂其杂种优势也愈强,进一步说明马铃薯的产量与遗传异质性(多样性)的强弱可能有明显关系,利用2n配子特性可获得较高的遗传异质性。 相似文献
7.
D. Carputo T. Cardi J. P. Palta P. Sirianni S. Vega L. Frusciante 《Plant Breeding》2000,119(2):127-130
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the tolerance to low temperatures and tuber soft rot in hybrids between Solanum commersonii and Solanum tuberosum. The experimental materials consisted of F1 triploid, BC1 pentaploid‐near pentaploid and BC2 tetraploid–near tetraploid hybrids. The F1 triploids had a freezing tolerance and acclimatization capacity closest to S. commersonii. This indicated that the endosperm barriers which prevent the introgression of 1EBN S. commersonii into 4EBN S. tuberosum had been overcome. Indeed, the triploids produced 2n eggs, thus giving a compatible maternal to paternal EBN ratio in the hybrid endosperm generated by the 3x(2EBN) × 4x(3EBN) crosses. The tolerance to low temperatures of BC1 and BC2 hybrids was lower than that of the F1. However, a number of genotypes were identified which were able to withstand temperatures down to ‐5°C. Some BC2 hybrids were also tested for their tolerance to tuber soft rot, and some resistant hybrids were detected. A number of them combined the capacity for cold acclimatization with tolerance to tuber soft rot. These hybrids have an EBN of 4; they are fertile and have been used in backcrosses with 4EBN S. tuberosum. 相似文献
8.
Agus Purwito G. A. Wattimena Muhamad Syukur Sobir Ferdhi I. Nuryana Heri Harti Awang Maharijaya 《Euphytica》2017,213(10):237
Potato is one of the most important crops in the world, including in the tropics. Potato requires low temperatures or cool climate for optimum tuber yield, which in the tropics, can be obtained mostly in high altitude growing areas. The limitation of land availability for potato production in highland areas of some tropical countries has steered the recent development of potato production to medium altitude areas. The objective of our study is to identify potato accessions with promising levels of heat resistance in laboratory and with good adaptation to medium altitude in the field. We used in vitro assay to screen a number of potato clones with possible resistance to heat stress on the basis literature and database of the International Potato Center, supplemented with the collection of Bogor Agricultural University. We then continued with verification of selected clones using field test in high altitude (1300 m above sea level) and medium altitude (700 m above sea level) areas. Our result showed that there is considerable variation of S. tuberosum for their adaptation to medium altitude areas in the tropics that can be exploited in breeding programs. We identified one genotype PKHT 2013-06 that was superior for its ability to produce tubers under extreme conditions. Thus, it might be very suitable to be used in a breeding program to develop tolerant varieties of potato to medium altitude areas in the tropics. 相似文献
9.
反义PPO基因对马铃薯块茎褐化的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对刚收获和贮藏5个月后的12个转基因马铃薯品系及对照块茎进行褐化指标的生理检测,发现2个检测时期的各褐化指标在供试品系间差异均达到显著或极显著水平。综合2个检测时期并与对照相比,PPO活性降幅为26.01%~48.65%;酚物质含量降低22.83%~54.81%;褐化强度除GD-9-qc-1低于对照40.45%~46.78%外,其余品系高于对照或与对照无差别。切割块茎发现,大部分转基因品系较对照褐化出现晚,褐化程度低,褐化指数低于对照88.0%~98.86%。PPO的化学定位显示,低褐化转基因品系的多酚氧化酶集中于维管束环,含量明显少于对照,其中GD-9-qc-1仅有少量多酚氧化酶显现出来,推测是由于反义PPO基因抑制块茎POT32基因表达的结果。进一步的方差、相关分析表明,除对多酚氧化酶含量抑制外,反义PPO基因还降低酚物质含量以减轻块茎损伤褐化。 相似文献
10.
Tichafa R.I. Munyikwa Jan Kreuze Martin Fregene Luc Suurs Evert Jacobsen Richard G.F. Visser 《Euphytica》2001,120(1):71-83
Screening of a tuber specific cassava cDNA library resulted in the isolation of full length cDNA clones with homology to the
genes encoding the small and large subunits of ADP glucose pyrophosphoryalse. Sequence analysis revealed that AGPase B the
clone with homology to the small subunit shared 54% homology at amino acid level with the AGPase S clone that is more closely
related to the large subunit. Segregation analysis of a cross between the cassava cultivars TMS 30572 and CM 2177-2 revealed
that AGPase S is a single copy gene that is localised on the female derived linkage group E of the cassava genetic map. AGPase
B is a low copy gene of which one member is localised on the female derived linkage group P. The two genes are expressed in
all cassava tissues but AGPase B exhibits a higher steady state mRNA level than AGPase S and is highly expressed in leaf and
tuber tissue. The AGPase enzyme activity was much higher in young cassava leaves as compared to older leaves and tubers. Cassava
AGPase was activated by 3-PGA and inhibited by up to 90% in the presence of inorganic phosphate (Pi). The tuber enzyme was
relatively unaffected by 3PGA but was highly inhibited by Pi. Transformation of potato (Solanum tuberosum) plants with an antisense AGPase B construct resulted in 10 out of 134 antisense AGPase B plants having on average 3.5 times
more tubers than the control non transgenic plants. Analysis of these transgenic plants revealed they had greatly reduced
levels of AGPase B mRNA, 1.5 to 3 times less starch, and five times higher levels of soluble sugars, sucrose, glucose and
fructose, to those found in control plants.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
12.
Summary The variation of response to acetochlor was studied in a two-year experiment carried out by subjecting 18 maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines to three herbicide rates (0, 2.5 and 5 l a.i./ha). In both years some inbred lines consistently exhibited an evident susceptibility, with symptoms consisting of the seedling curling up below the soil surface and causing impaired field emergence. The results were poor plant density and lower grain yield in comparison to control. In contrast, other lines showed a satisfactory level of tolerance.Then, to gather data on the inheritance of response to acetochlor, four tolerant inbreds (T) and four susceptible inbreds (S) were crossed to obtain four T×T, four S×S, four S×T and the corresponding four T×S two-way hybrids. These hybrids were studied together with parental lines by applying the same herbicide rates used in the previous trial. The S×S hybrids showed susceptibility to the herbicide and the T×T were tolerant, whereas the S×T and the T× S hybrids showed a tolerance very close to that of the T×T hybrids. No difference was found between S×T and the corresponding T×S hybrids as to herbicide response. On average, the 16 hybrids exhibited greater tolerance than the eight parental lines, with each hybrid group being more tolerant than its parental line group. These results indicate that tolerance to acetochlor is prevailingly dominant, that action of extranuclear genes should be ruled out, and that the level of plant vigour can affect herbicide reactiveness. 相似文献
13.
Summary Twenty potato cultivars were tested in replicated trials in three seasons. The weather gradually changed from relatively high humidity and cold air temperatures in February to dry and hot in July. Fresh and dry weights, sucrose, reducing sugar and starch contents were recorded on tubers sequentially harvested over four stages during the growing period of each of the three trials. The data were analyzed for genotype-environment interactions by a path regression model which is composed of a main effect and four multiplicative effects. The model fitted well to the observed data for all traits but reducing sugar. Results of dry tuber weight were used to calculate a heat susceptibility index for each of the cultivars. Four components of the index were identified based on the path model. Comparison of sizes of the components provided information on the degree of response to the environmental stress of each of the cultivars during successive stages of growth. High yielding and heat tolerant cultivars were identified based on the experimental results. 相似文献
14.
在大田栽培条件下,以马铃薯克新1号为试验材料,在苗期叶面喷施调节剂烯效唑（S3307）和胺鲜酯（DTA-6）进行处理,以清水作为对照（CK）,研究不同植物生长调节剂对马铃薯叶和块茎间光合产物变化和产量的影响。结果表明:S3307和DTA-6处理可以显著提高马铃薯产量,增加前期叶片内蔗糖和淀粉含量;喷施调节剂第34天（块茎膨大期）,S3307和DTA-6处理促进叶片中淀粉含量向块茎中转运降低叶片内淀粉含量,利于源器官的物质输出;S3307和DTA-6显著增加各取样时期马铃薯块茎中淀粉含量;S3307和DTA-6在喷施后第18和34天显著增加块茎可溶性糖含量;马铃薯块茎内淀粉含量的变化与叶片内蔗糖和淀粉含量均呈极显著正相关,与转化酶和淀粉酶活性呈极显著负相关。S3307和DTA-6处理均显著促进单薯重,同时DTA-6处理的单株薯数也显著高于CK。 相似文献
15.
Four sweet potato cultivars were inter- and relay-cropped with maize at two locations in Peru. Increasing interspecific competition drastically reduced tuber yields of all cultivars; fewer tubers m −2 were produced and no tolerant genotype was identified. Likewise the mean tuber weight declined linearly for two cultivars when competition became severe. Shoot development was less affected. Under intense competition the plant top was favoured in assimilate partitioning to the detriment of tuber formation. Overall reduction in assimilate production due to mixed cropping was the major cause of yield loss. Various intercropping combinations were found with the same productivity but distinct proportions of the component crops (sweet potato + maize). Land equivalent ratio (LER) exceeded sole crop productivity only for the combinations with the highest maize yields. Biomass production was clearly increased by intercropping but there was no increment in marketable yields. Relay-cropping reduced tuber and maize yields and had the lowest productivity of all combinations tested. 相似文献
16.
Summary F1 hybrids between Solanum phureja and S. chacoense were studied in a new approach to enhance wild diploid potato species using adapted S. phureja clones as the female parent. S. chacoense parents had few tubers, whereas S. phureja parents had been previously selected for tuberization under long days. Twenty hybrid families were evaluated for haulm vigor, vine maturity, stolon development, frequency of tuberization, tuber set, tuber yield and average tuber weight under naturally occurring increasing or decreasing photoperiods in spring and fall growing seasons in Morocco. The hybrid plants were more vigorous, later maturing with thicker stolons in the spring season. Frequency of tuberization and tuber set did not vary with season. Tuber yield and average tuber weight were higher in fall; the maximum yield was 2.4 and 4.6 kg per hill under spring and fall conditions, respectively. Remarkable variation was found both between and within hybrid families for all traits in this first cycle of enhancement. The selection of vigorous, fertile clones incorporating the S. chacoense genome is possible by using S. phureja as an adapted germplasm source. 相似文献
17.
In a two-year field trial, the influence of the physiological age and the size of seed tubers on yield parameters and yield of cv. Granola was determined
In the first trial year no influence of the physiological age on the number of tubers at the time of flowering was found. Plants from physiological older seed tubers had higher single tuber weight. The maximal number of tubers was reached at the time of flowering.
In the second year no influence of the physiological age on the single tuber weight was found although the tuber number varied. The physiological age had in the first year a weak, and in the second year no significant influence on the number of tubers after senescence.
Increasing size of seed tubers resulted in both years and at all harvesting times in higher tuber number, but the single tuber weight after senescence decreased with increasing size of seed tubers.
The final yield in both years was not influenced by the physiological age but it increased with the increase of the size of seed tubers. 相似文献
In the first trial year no influence of the physiological age on the number of tubers at the time of flowering was found. Plants from physiological older seed tubers had higher single tuber weight. The maximal number of tubers was reached at the time of flowering.
In the second year no influence of the physiological age on the single tuber weight was found although the tuber number varied. The physiological age had in the first year a weak, and in the second year no significant influence on the number of tubers after senescence.
Increasing size of seed tubers resulted in both years and at all harvesting times in higher tuber number, but the single tuber weight after senescence decreased with increasing size of seed tubers.
The final yield in both years was not influenced by the physiological age but it increased with the increase of the size of seed tubers. 相似文献
18.
B. Maris 《Euphytica》1986,35(2):465-482
Summary Fifty-five populations from crosses of three Solanum tuberosum ssp. tuberosum cultivars and seven selected S. tuberosum ssp. andigena clones adapted to the northern temperate zone have been studied in the seedling and the first and second clonal generation. This paper only deals with the effect of seed tuber weight on various important agronomic characters which are selected for in early clonal generations, independently of the type of crosses.The results showed that a distinction has to be made between the effects of differences in seed tuber weight within and between seedlings, i.e. genotypes. The effects on the first clonal generation of differences in weight of the tubers within seedlings and those of the first heaviest tubers between seedlings were similar and comparable to seed tuber weight effects within cultivars. In contrast to the within seedlings effects the between seedlings effects proved to be heritable. This is concluded from the fact that, on average, independent of seed tuber weight seedlings with larger first heaviest tubers performed better in the second clonal generation than those with smaller ones. Notably plant height, general impression, date of maturity and particularly tuber yield and mean tuber weight in the second clonal generation were related to the weight of the first heaviest tubers of the seedlings. The potentialities of these findings for an early generation selection are discussed. 相似文献
19.
不同钾肥及配施方式对马铃薯产量和品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过田间试验,研究了不同钾肥种类及其配施方式对马铃薯钾积累和产量性状等因素的影响。结果表明：与单施硫酸钾相比,硫酸钾与氯化钾配合施用能够提高马铃薯的淀粉含量,促进茎叶中的钾向块茎中转移,增加块茎中钾的积累量和分配比例。与不施钾肥处理相比,施用氯化钾和硫酸钾都能够增加马铃薯块茎产量。基肥和追肥中含有两种钾肥的处理所得块茎的产量和品质都优于单独施用一种钾肥处理,因此马铃薯生产中可以适量施用氯化钾。基肥中氯化钾施用比例不宜超过50%,追肥中氯化钾的施用比例可以大于50%,氯化钾的总施用比例应控制在50%以内。 相似文献
20.
Effects of elevated CO2 and/or ozone on nutrient concentrations and nutrient uptake of potatoes 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. Fangmeier L. De Temmerman C. Black K. Persson V. Vorne 《European Journal of Agronomy》2002,17(4):353-368
Potato crops were grown at seven sites across Europe to test the effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide and/or tropospheric ozone concentrations on growth, yield and various aspects of potato tuber quality within the framework of the EC funded programme Changing Climate and Potential Impacts on Potato Yield and Quality (CHIP). Field exposure systems were used to enrich the atmosphere in CO2 and/or ozone. At five of the sites, nutrient element conconcentrations (macronutrients: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and micronutrients: mangenese, zinc, iron) in different parts of plants from the various treatments were analysed. Under elevated CO2, nearly all nutrient elements tended to decrease in concentration. At maximum leaf area, a significant reduction was observed for the concentrations of nitrogen and potassium both in aboveground biomass and in tubers, and for calcium in tubers. Since CO2 enrichment promoted early tuber growth, these effects could in part be attributed to tuber developmental stage. At maturity, potato grown under CO2 enrichment exhibited significantly lower concentrations of nitrogen, manganese and iron in aboveground organs, and of nitrogen, potassium and magnesium in tubers which means a reduction of tuber quality. In contrast to CO2, elevated ozone tended to increase tuber nutrient element concentrations. This was significant for nitrogen and manganese. CO2 effects on tuber biomass increase were more pronounced than CO2 effects on nutrient element decrease. Thus, the total amount of nutrient elements taken up by potato crops increased under elevated CO2. Fertiliser practice in a future, CO2-rich world will have to be adjusted accordingly. 相似文献