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产后正常奶牛子宫内细菌的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
研究不同产后时期正常奶牛子宫内细菌的数量变化、种类及细菌与子宫复旧的关系。实验发现 ,产后第 2 ,7,14,2 4d子宫内细菌平均数量为 (1.91±0 .44 )× 10 5,(3.93± 1.6 1)× 10 6,(3.40± 0 .94)× 10 3 ,(2 .49± 2 .92 )× 10 2 个/mg子宫样品 ,而产后 39d时子宫内细菌数量均小于 1× 10个 /mg子宫样品 ;共分离到细菌 5 7株 ,其中葡萄球菌 2 4株 (占 42 .1% )、大肠杆菌 11株 (占 19.3% )、链球菌 7株 (占 12 .3% )、芽孢杆菌 8株 (占 14% )及微球菌 7株 (占 12 .3% ) ;经直肠检查在产后 39d时所有受试牛均完成了子宫复旧。结果表明 :细菌从分娩前的无菌状态增加到最高点较迅速 ,约 7d左右 ,而下降比较缓慢 ,到复旧完成 (39d)时 ,才接近于无菌状态 ;产后奶牛子宫内的细菌有葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、链球菌、芽胞杆菌和微球菌 ;产后子宫内一定数量的细菌对子宫复旧无显著影响。 相似文献
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哈白猪复旧期子宫内微生物变化的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验采用子宫内膜活检采样器采集子宫内容物样品 ,通过活菌计数、分离鉴定和药敏试验等对实验母猪产后子宫内细菌进行了研究 ,以探讨产后子宫内微生物的变化规律及对子宫复旧的影响。试验结果表明 ,在产后 0～ 1天之间 ,子宫内细菌数量呈直线增加 ,在产后第 7天时 ,子宫内细菌数量达到最多 ,此后其细菌数量逐渐下降 ;到产后第 2 5天时 ,子宫内细菌数量已降为 (7.35± 2 .5 4 )× 10 2个 / mg子宫样品。而细菌的种类在产后 1～ 7天之间较少 ,在产后第 7～ 13天间呈增长趋势 ,产后第 13天以后 ,细菌种类开始减少 ,直至接近于零。这说明产后子宫内环境经历了从污染到净化的过程 ,直至子宫复旧完毕 相似文献
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用透射电镜和羟脯氨酸检测试剂盒,分别观察了产后1个月内小尾寒羊子宫胶原纤维的排列状况,以及血和尿中羟脯氨酸(HYPRO)含量的变化情况。结果表明:产后初期子宫组织内胶原微纤维排列不规则,到产后第25天时,胶原结构从形态上恢复到了正常状态;小尾寒羊产前40d血和尿中HYPRO的浓度高于产前7d,在产后1～7d其含量迅速升高并达最大值,从产后7～31d其含量缓慢降低;在产后31d的含量介于产前40d和产前7d对照组之间。小尾寒羊尿中HYPRO的浓度是血中浓度的近20倍。本实验结果证明,胶原蛋白的降解与子宫复旧密切相关。 相似文献
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对4个不同奶牛场20头产后健康状况良好的奶牛每头奶牛采样器采集子宫样品,通过细菌培养、分离、鉴定等常规方法,对其子宫内细菌的动态变化规律进行了研究,以探讨产后健康奶牛子宫内细菌的动态变化规律及不同奶牛场之间的比较差异。结果表明,本试验还对产后不同阶段所分离到的细菌的种类和数量进行了详细的比较分析,在产后第2天,子宫内呈污染状态,细菌数量迅速增加,四组试验的计数结果分别达到了8.34×105、2.15×105、1.90×105、2.97×105,此后细菌数量呈缓慢增长趋势,在产后第8天时子宫内细菌计数达到最高,四组试验技术结果的平均数分别为:4.25×107、4.01×107、3.95×107、3.05×107。 相似文献
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对4个不同奶牛场20头产后健康状况良好的奶牛每头奶牛采样器采集子宫样品,通过细菌培养、分离、鉴定等常规方法,对其子宫内细菌的动态变化规律进行了研究,以探讨产后健康奶牛子宫内细菌的动态变化规律及不同奶牛场之间的比较差异.结果表明,本试验还对产后不同阶段所分离到的细菌的种类和数量进行了详细的比较分析,在产后第2天,子宫内呈污染状态,细菌数量迅速增加,四组试验的计数结果分别达到了8.34×105、2.15×105、1.90×105、2.97×105,此后细菌数量呈缓慢增长趋势,在产后第8天时子宫内细菌计数达到最高,四组试验技术结果的平均数分别为:4.25×107、4.01×107、3.95×107、3.05×107. 相似文献
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母牛的繁殖能力在很大程度上取决于产犊后生殖器官复旧的程度.在研究产后复旧时,应注意到恶露分泌时间的长短、子宫内膜的再生程度、子宫恢复状况和硬度以及子宫腔的无菌程度. 相似文献
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The rate of uterine involution postpartum was monitored in 13 suckling mule ewes by using radio-opaque markers and radiography, and each ewe was also monitored for intrauterine bacterial contamination during the first week, using a sterile guarded swab. Peripheral plasma or serum concentrations of haptoglobin, seromucoid, ceruloplasmin and 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGFM) were measured up to six weeks postpartum. The maximum reduction in the length of the uterine body and in the diameters of the horns occurred by 28 days postpartum, except in one ewe in which the size of the uterus continued to decrease for 42 days. Four ewes were positive for intrauterine bacterial contamination; Escherichia coli, clostridial species, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis and Enterococcus species were isolated in pure or mixed culture. The presence of intrauterine bacteria did not affect the time for the completion of uterine involution. No bacteria were isolated from the ewe in which involution was delayed, but it had a different acute phase protein response and was therefore excluded from further analyses. In the remaining 12 ewes the mean postpartum haptoglobin response increased, with peak concentrations occurring on day 1, and decreased slowly as uterine involution progressed, but the four contaminated ewes had a significantly greater response. There was no difference between the prepartum and postpartum concentrations of seromucoid in the eight sterile ewes, but significant increases were observed in the contaminated group; the concentrations of ceruloplasmin did not vary in either group. The concentrations of PGFM were higher during the early postpartum period in the ewes with contaminated uteri. 相似文献
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Ayat Omer ELKHALIL Yuko MAEJIMA Masato AOYAMA Hideyuki TANAKA Shoei SUGITA 《Animal Science Journal》2005,76(4):313-323
Morphological changes to and collagen loss from the rat uterus during postpartum involution were investigated. The expression patterns of collagen type III and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were also determined. Morphological changes were studied on days 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 22 and 25 postpartum. As a control, diestrus rats’ uterine were used. Specimens from the uterine horn were embedded in paraffin, cut into 8 µm coronal sections, and stained with hematoxylin‐eosin. The thickness of the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers and of the endometrium were measured. The collagen content was determined using hydroxyproline analysis. Immunostaining was used to examine the expression of collagen type III on days 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 postpartum; and MPO on days 1, 3, 5, 10 and 22 postpartum. The thickness of the smooth muscle layers was found to decrease rapidly postpartum: the circular smooth muscle layer returned to that of a non‐pregnant, control uterus by day 5 postpartum and the longitudinal smooth muscle layer by day 15 postpartum. Eosinophilic cells were observed in the endometrial stroma adjacent to the myometrium on days 10, 15 and 20 postpartum, and were confirmed as collagenous cells. Immunostaining identified collagen type III positive cells in the vessel‐rich layer adjacent to the placental site on days 1, 3, 5 and 10 postpartum, and these cells were confirmed to be phagocytic. Postpartum reduction in the weight of the uterus was accompanied by decreases in both the collagen content and the thickness of the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers. Furthermore, the phagocytic cells were shown to express MPO during postpartum involution of the uterus. 相似文献
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Hauser B Bostedt H 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2002,49(10):511-516
Involution of the ovine uterus after parturition was studied using real-time B-mode ultrasonography. The diameter of the uterus, the uterine lumen and the caruncles were investigated during the first 30 days post-parturition (p.p.) by transrectal and transabdominal application of the ultrasound probe. Ewes that spontaneously delivered showed a physiological regression of the uterus with a transversal diameter of 4.9 (+/- 0.86) cm on day 1 p.p. which decreased to 1.84 (+/- 0.14) cm until day 30. The course of uterine regression was established on these data and was described by the exponential equation: y = E + A * e(-b*t). 'E' means the final value on day 30 p.p. and 'A' the difference between the initial transversal diameter on day 1 p.p. minus the final value on day 30 p.p. The exponents 'b' and 't' indicate the downward gradient of the regression curve and also the factor time in days. Furthermore, we found that the uterine regression in ewes finishes approximately on day 17 p.p. The uterine involution was delayed in ewes after manual obstetrics and caesarean section, in addition the incidence for retention of foetal membranes was increased. The present study demonstrates that the ultrasonographic technique is a suitable method for the control of the uterine involution and for the diagnosis of pathological aberrations in sheep. 相似文献
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Lisa M. Ferretti DVM Susan M. Newell DVM MS John P. Graham MVB MSc Gregory D. Roberts DVM MS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2000,41(3):287-291
The radiographic and ultrasonographic appearance of the normal involution process of the feline postpartum uterus has not been previously described. Six queens were examined to determine the normal radiographic and ultrasonographic appearance of the involuting postpartum uterus. Radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations were performed daily from days one through ten, then on days 12, 14, 18, 24, and 28 postpartum. Radiographically the mean total uterine thickness was 16.5 mm at day one postpartum. By day 14 the mean total uterine thickness was 10.5 mm and by day 24 postpartum the uterus was not radiographically visible. Ultrasonographically at day one postpartum the mean total uterine thickness was 16.6 mm and the mean uterine wall thickness was 2.7 mm. At day 14 postpartum the mean total uterine thickness was 6.2 mm and the mean wall thickness was 2.1 mm. At day 28 postpartum the uterus could still be identified ultrasonographically however individual wall layers were not discernable. 相似文献
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Three newly delivered dairy cows were given prostaglandin F2α during the immediate postpartum period. PGF2α was administered from day 3–13 post partum in doses of 25 mg twice daily. Endogenous release of PGF2α and progesterone was studied in blood plasma during the experimental period. Rectal examination of the uterus was performed every second day in order to establish the end of uterine involution. Uterine involution in the three cows was completed days 16, 23 and 20, respectively. These figures are to be compared with earlier investigations of uterine involution times, which show about 27 days. It was concluded that PGF2α had a positive effect on the uterine muscular tone.Key words: uterine involution, prostaglandin F2α, bovine 相似文献
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子宫复旧是奶牛产后生殖器官恢复的一个重要时期,复旧时间的长短会直接影响产后第一次发情的时间,子宫复旧的正常时间为产后30～46d。本试验为研究促卵泡素(FSH)与促黄体素(LH)在子宫复旧过程中的变化规律,选择了年龄、胎次相近,健康状况良好的产后奶牛15头,应用放射免疫分析法在子宫复旧期间每3天对奶牛血清中FSH与LH进行一次测定,前后持续10次。由试验数据可得出,FSH与LH分泌水平在子宫复旧的早期比较低,FSH浓度到产后第15天达到峰值,LH从产后第21天开始大幅上升,到产后第24天浓度达到峰值,之后二者浓度变动范围不大。 相似文献
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Contents: In this review, the role of eicosanoids in regulation of parturition and the postpartum period was described with special emphasis on the bovine species. The metabolism of arachidonic acid and the production of eicosanoids during the peripartum period was discussed. Prostaglandin E2 and F2α (PGE2 , PGF2α ) play an important role in mechanisms controlling parturition. They are involved in luteolysis, uterine contractions and dilation of the cervix. Eicosanoids also seem to influence the loosening processes of the fetal membranes. However, in the literature, conflicting results were found. Many investigations suggested that retained placental membranes could be related to low PGF2α production and/ or an imbalance of arachidonic acid metabolism in the uterus. The possible role of the lipoxygenase pathway metabolite 15-hydroxy-eicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) in expulsion of the fetal membranes was also discussed. As far as the postpartum period is concerned, a relationship between postpartum PGF2α release and the involution of the uterus was found. Cows with undisturbed uterine involution had higher PGF2α production than cows with delayed involution. In contrast to the positive effect of PGF2α on uterine involution, PGE2 seems to delay the involution processes. Further experiments are necessary in order to study the function of eicosanoids in mechanisms regulating parturition, release of the fetal placental membranes and involution of the uterus. 相似文献
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In horses, limited data is found regarding the vascular events during uterine involution at the puerperal period. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the morphological aspects (size of uterus and intrauterine fluid content) and the hemodynamics (endometrial and mesometrial vascular perfusion) of the uterus during its postpartum involution process. Ten mares were daily scanned by transrectal color Doppler ultrasonography from the first day postpartum (d1) to the 16th day after first postpartum ovulation (D0 = ovulation). The formerly gravid horn (GH) and formerly nongravid horn (NH) were individually evaluated. A reduction (P < .05) in the uterine diameter was observed during the first 7 days postpartum, and the rate of uterine involution decreased after this period. The involution was completed on d21 and d24 for the NH and GH, respectively. Presence of intrauterine fluid was present in large amounts between d1 and d2 postpartum, followed by a decrease (P < .05) between d4 and d7. No fluid was observed after d16 postpartum or after the third day postovulation (D3). During the early postpartum period, an increase (P < .05) in the endometrial and mesometrial vascularization was detected, respectively, between d1 and d4, and between d1 and d2. The vascular perfusion did not differ after d4 for endometrial tissue, whereas was reduced (P < .05) between d2 and d10 for mesometrium. After the first postpartum ovulation, an increase (P < .05) in vascular perfusion was observed from D0 to D5, followed by a decrease (P < .05) between D5 and D11 and an increase (P < .05) between D11 and D14. The novel vascular perfusion profile here described in the endometrium and mesometrium after ovulation is similar to the uterine vascular profile observed during estrous cycles and early pregnancy, indicating a fast return of the mare's uterus to cycling postpartum conditions. 相似文献