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1.
Summary The susceptibility of 43 commercially available potato cultivars to dry rot caused byF. sulphureum, F. solani andF. oxysporum under similar conditions was examined over two years. The cultivars reacted with differing levels of resistance to the dry rot species.F. sulphureum was more aggressive than the other two species and the resistance to each species was independent. The overall cluster analysis classified the cultivars into six groups. Saturna, in an individual group, is the most resistant variety to all tested species, and also toF. surphureum. Panda, Fregate, Folva, Arian and a few others in a group are resistant toF. solani. AlthoughF. oxysporum was the least pathogenetic, almost half of the cultivars are included in a resistant group to this species. There was little correlation between the rank orders of susceptibility of the cultivars to the two main pathogens.  相似文献   

2.
Summary Solanum tuberosum potato cultivars with differing levels of resistance to dry rot caused byFusarium sulphureum were hybridised in a half diallel crossing programme. Glasshouse grown tubers from true seedlings and field-grown tubers of the resulting progenies were assessed for their resistance toF. sulphureum. Statistical analysis revealed differences between the progenies forF. sulphureum resistance on both field and glasshouse grown tubers. On the field grown tubers, differences between progenies were due to differences in the general combining ability (GCA) of the parents. Parental phenotypes and GCA values were highly correlated. Overall. GCA was consistent for resistance or susceptibility, and glasshouse grown progenies showed a good correlation for GCA between years (r=0.85***), and with the results of the field grown progenies (r=0.61* in 1998 and r=0.69** in 1999). It appears that resistance toF. sulphureum is heritable, and that this heritability is better assessed on field grown rather than glasshouse grown tubers, although the two are largely in agreement.  相似文献   

3.
Summary Neotuberosum clones with differing levels of resistance toFusarium coeruleum andFurarium sulphureum, and putative resistance toPhytophthora infestans, were selected and used in crosses with Tuberosum clones. The resulting progenies were assessed for their resistance to each of these pathogens and for breeders' preference. There was little correlation between disease scores for the twoFusarium species (r=0.21 and 0.34 for the Neotuberosum and hybrid clones respectively), indicating that resistance to each species is distinct. Statistical analyses revealed differences between the Neotuberosum parents and between the Tuberosum parents for all traits, but the Neotuberosum differences for late blight were not significant (P=0.10–0.05) when tested against the interaction between the two sets of parents. The interaction was significant forF. coeruleum and breeders' preference, but notF. sulphureum. No reciprocal differences were found. The only statistically significant correlation between traits for the 72 progenies was a small one (r=0.33; P=0.01–0.001) between the twoFusarium species; for all other pairs of traits r was less than 0.10. It is concluded that there are good prospects for combinding resistances to the twoFusarium species from different sources and also for achieving high levels of other desirable characteristics.  相似文献   

4.
Summary Over 2 years, seed tubers or stems were inoculated withFusarium sulphureum Schlecht. (F. sambucinum Fuckel f. 6 Wollenw.) and the incidence of dry rot on daughter tubers assessed by standardised wound tests. The amount of stem and soil inoculum was also measured in one year. Inoculating stem bases resulted in greater concentrations of spores on the stem bases, greater soil populations at harvest and more dry rot on tubers than inoculating the seed tuber. Overall, the incidence of dry rot and the amount of stem and soil inoculum was similar for the three methods of haulm destruction: cutting and removing the stems, applying sulphuric acid or applying diquat dibromide to the growing plants.  相似文献   

5.
Zusammenfassung Die wundheilbedingte Infektionsabwehr beeinflusst das Resistenzverhalten der Knollen. Sie ist bei f?uleanf?lligen Genotypen effizienter als bei widerstandsf?higen. Die Resistenzbewertung von Genotypen nach der H?he der befallsausl?senden Erregerdichte wird von den Vegetationsbedingungen beeinflusst. Sie korreliert mit einer Bewertung nach dem Ausmass der F?ulesymptome, nicht aber mit dem Ausmass einer enzymatischen Mazeration.
Summary A cultivar collection was assessed for tuber resistance to the soft rot organism,Erwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica (=Eca), and for the strength of the defence reaction associated with wound healing, by measuring the inoculum density needed to initiate infection (effective dose). Wound healing was more efficient in susceptible genotypes than in resistant ones (Fig. 1b), and resulted in changes of the ranking of cultivars, and a narrowing of the variation for soft rot resistance (Fig. 1a). No relationship was found between enzymic maceration of tissue and effective dose (Fig. 2a). The resistance ratings of cultivars were in general agreement with the effective dose and with symptom expression (Fig. 2b). Resistance behaviour was modified by growing conditions (harvest year) (Table 1), and cultivars need therefore to be assessed over several years.
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6.
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7.
Summary Calcium levels in the periderm of tubers (cv. Sebago) growing in irrigated sands were influenced by the stem position at which the tuber grew, but the effect was not consistent over two seasons. Calcium levels were increased at all tuber positions by addition of calcium to soil; combined treatments of gypsum (1400 kg Ca2+/ha) pre-plant and calcium nitrate (37 kg Ca2+/ha) side dressings gave the greatest response. Percentage incidence of soft rot lesions caused byErwinia chrysanthemi pv.zeae was not influenced by periderm calcium content. The severity of infection (weight of tissue macerated within 48 h at 30°C) was significantly reduced only by the pre-plant gypsum treatment, but there was no correlation with calcium content of the periderm. Calcium levels in periderm tissue (60–208 mg Ca2+/100g) are within the range of published data for other cultivars and results support previous reports that the correlation between tuber susceptibility toErwinia spp. and periderm calcium content is inconsistent.  相似文献   

8.
M. Koppel 《Potato Research》1993,36(3):183-188
Summary The susceptibility to soft rot caused byErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica of five potato cultivars and potato clones from the potato breeding programme at J?geva Plant Breeding Institute was assessed in a laboratory test. Three test methods were used: a single site inoculation, vacuum infiltration and slice inoculation. The severity of the disease varied widely with the different methods, which gave different cultivar rankings.  相似文献   

9.
Summary Field-grown tubers of 22 progenies ofSolanum tuberosum L. generated in a crossing programme involving seven parents differing in resistance toFusarium coeruleum Lib. ex Sacc. andF. sulphureum Schlect. (=F. sambucinum Fuckel, teleomorphGibberella pulicaris (Fr.) Sacc.) were wound-inoculated with a cornmeal + sand culture of each pathogen. Parental genotypes were also included. The mean lesion size of each progeny was compared in 2 years of tests, as well as with published data on glasshouse-grown tubers. ForF. coeruleum there was a high correlation between years as well as with the glasshouse data, but no such correlations were apparent withG. pulicaris. Furthermore, parental and GCA values, as well as progeny means and mid-parent scores, also correlated highly forF. coeruleum but not forG. pulicaris. Glasshouse-grown tubers of 11 wildSolanum spp. were also inoculated with both pathogens. Some resistance to one or other, or both, was apparent, particularly inS. chacoense.  相似文献   

10.
近年由青霉Penicillium spp.引起的穗腐病逐年加重。抗病玉米品种的选育和利用是控制穗腐病的经济、安全和有效措施。本研究开展玉米抗青霉穗腐病的接种鉴定,连续3年(2020-2022)在不同环境下比较分析花丝喷雾法、花丝通道注射法、子粒注射法、牙签法等接种方法对玉米青霉穗腐病抗性鉴定的效果。结果表明,子粒注射法、牙签法发病强度适中,能够使得不同品种在人工接种后表现出不同水平的抗性反应,较适合用于玉米抗青霉穗腐病鉴定接种,接种后发病稳定、抗感差异明显、鉴定结果准确。2021-2022年接种鉴定的玉米新品种中,对青霉穗腐病表现高抗、抗性、中抗、感病和高感的品种分别占7.8%、24.1%、28.6%、24.5%、15.0%。  相似文献   

11.
Summary Virulence of 12Fusarium oxysporum isolates was determined on three potato cultivars Late Harvest, BP1 and Kimberley Choice. The production of fusaric acid by the 12F. oxysporum isolates was also determined. The aim of the study was to determine whether a correlation exists between fusaric acid production and virulence ofF. oxysporum isolates. Late Harvest was the most tolerant and BP1 the most susceptible cultivar. Virulence ranking, order of theF. oxysporum isolates with the different cultivars corresponded with the mean of value of the ranking order for all three cultivars. A correlation was found between virulence of isolates and fusaric acid production except for Late Harvest. Fusaric acid production may play a major role in the development of dry rot in potato tubers.  相似文献   

12.
Summary Plants were grown in the field from seed pieces of potato cultivars injected with ring rot bacteria (Corynebacterium sepedonicum). Symptoms were produced with both 18 and 180 colony forming units (cfu) on cvs Norchip and Red Pontiac and with 180 cfu on cv. Belrus plants. Tuber symptoms were detected in all cultivars except Belrus and Teton. Tuber progeny produced plants that developed top symptoms on all cultivars except those of cv. Nooksack, Russet Burbank, and Teton. Tuber progeny of the second crop produced both plants and tubers with symptoms developing only in the cv. Nooksack. In another 3-year experiment, variability in the disease response of selected cultivars and lines was examined following knife-inoculation of tuber seed with a high level of ring rot bacteria. Significant correlations between top and tuber symptoms were detected, but they were not high enough to make unnecessary the examination of both top and tuber symptoms in ring rot disease selection studies. Contribution no. 3879111  相似文献   

13.
茎基腐病是我国小麦生产上一种新的土传病害,近年在黄淮麦区发生日益加重,成为影响小麦安全生产的新问题。为给该病的防治和抗病育种工作提供依据,本研究以国内新发现的小麦茎基腐病优势病原菌假禾谷镰刀菌(Fusarium pseudograminearum)Wz2-8A菌株为接种物,分别以国外抗病材料SUNCO和国内高度感病品种国麦301为抗性对照和感病对照,对黄淮麦区主推小麦品种进行了苗期盆栽接种和田间成株期接种抗性鉴定,并采用病情指数法进行了抗性评价。结果表明,供试品种在室内苗期及田间成株期均无免疫品种和高抗品种,其中室内苗期接种所有品种均表现感病或高度感病;田间病圃成株期抗性鉴定发现兰考198、许科718等10个黄淮麦区主推小麦品种表现为中抗,占供试品种总数的11.36%;焦麦266、郑麦004、郑麦0856等41个品种表现感病,占供试品种总数的46.59%;其余品种表现为高感,平均病情指数最高可达57.97,占供试品种总数的42.05%。本研究发现我国黄淮麦区主推小麦品种对茎基腐病优势病原菌假禾谷镰刀菌抗性整体较差,需要进一步加强抗病资源筛选,创制新的抗病材料,并充分利用中抗材料进行抗病育种。  相似文献   

14.
Summary The susceptibility of 21 potato cultivars to leak (watery wound rot) caused byPythium aphanidermatum was compared. Whole tubers were inoculated after wounding by dipping into a water suspension of 103 oospores/ml and incubated for 3 days at 25°C. The mean penetration of tissue calculated from the recording of lesion width and depth and the qualitative assessment of rot extension were highly correlated. For 10 of 12 cultivars tested at least twice, consistent reactions were obtained: cvs Korrigane. Superstar, Safrane and Yesmina were moderately susceptible, whereas Atlas, Diamant, Mondial, Obélix, Spunta and Timate were susceptible to highly susceptible. Tubers originated from two locations and/or two cropping seasons: thus, the performance of these cultivars under different production conditions reveals a satisfactory level of agreement with the test. Moreover, ratings assigned are supported by field or store observations.  相似文献   

15.
Summary Tubers of diploid interspecific hybrids, hexaploid somatic hybrids ofSolanum tuberosum andSolanum brevidens, a fusion parental line (S. tuberosum) and several Polish and American commercial cultivars were screened for resistance toErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica andErwinia chrysanthemi, in laboratory tests. Both groups of hybrids showed a high level of resistance to soft rot and gave a similar type of resistant reaction, which distinguished them from the cultivars and fusion parent. Tubers of the diploid interspecific hybrids had a high starch content. Our results indicate the possibility of obtaining breeding material with a high starch content and resistance to bacterial soft rot.  相似文献   

16.
Summary In artificial inoculations it was found thatFusarium oxysporum f.sp.tuberosi is able to penetrate through potato leaves. The fungus was isolated from the stem of infected plants from all inoculated cultivars. Tubers were completely destroyed if they were inoculated before sprouting. Not any destruction was observed if inoculation was made before young sprouts are longer than 1–3 cm; plants from these sprouts were infected. Lesioned tubers were more sensitive than unlesioned ones, and tuber rot and sprout damage were increased significantly.  相似文献   

17.
Summary The susceptibility of six new Austrian cultivars to soft rot, stem rot and blackleg caused byErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica was assessed over 2 years in two locations. Soft rot susceptibility was assessed by whole tuber and half tuber tests, stem rot by stem inoculation and blackleg by planting inoculated tubers in the glasshouse. The susceptibility of the cultivars tested with the tuber and blackleg test methods were in general agreement. The half tuber test was more precise in differentiating intermediate levels of susceptibility than the whole tuber test. The reaction of the cultivars to soft rot could be classified as susceptible (Gina and Romina), moderately susceptible (Ditta, Sonja and Bintje), or slightly susceptible (Treff, Komet and Désirée). Results from the stem rot test did not agree with this classification and also depended upon the physiological state of plants as influenced by growing season and glasshouse conditions.  相似文献   

18.
Summary In 1983 and 1984 there were reports in Norway of more severe late blight infection than usual on tubers of cv. Pimpernel, a cultivar without R-genes known to be somewhat resistant to both haulm and tuber infection. Results from routine tests confirmed earlier experience that cv. Pimpernel shows stable resistance to tuber late blight, although the ranking of cultivars may vary between years. In experiments during three harvest seasons tubers of different cultivars were inoculated with isolates ofP. infestans obtained from stocks of cv. Pimpernel with severe tuber late blight and with other isolates. In these experiments the isolates from cv. Pimpernel caused more rot on tubers of Pimpernel than did other isolates.  相似文献   

19.
Summary Tubers of clones from a diploid hybrid population ofSolanum phureja andS. stenotomum were screened for resistance to tuber soft rot caused by strains ofErwinia carotovora subsp.atroseptica (Eca),E. carotovora subsp.carotovora (Ecc) andE. chrysanthemi (Ech). Significant, positive correlations between resistance to the different strains and species were observed, indicating that screening for resistance to tuber soft rot could be accomplished by using just one of the three pathogens. Strains of Ecc and Ech were found to be much more virulent than strains of Eca. Inoculating with Ecc and Ech resulted in more distinct differences among susceptible, moderately resistant and resistant clones than inoculating with Eca.  相似文献   

20.
Zusammenfassung Es wurde versucht, die unterschiedlichen Ausbreitungsmechanismen der beiden Lagerf?uleerregerFusarium coeruleum undFusarium sulphureum physiologisch-biochemisch teilweise aufzukl?ren Alle Isolate vonF. coeruleum undF. sulphureum vermochten Pectinmethylesterasen (PME). Polygalacturonasen (PG), Cellulasen und Proteasen zu bilden. Die Synthese der PME erfolgte bei beiden Pilzen konstitutiv und wurde durch Substratzusatz erheblich gesteigert.F. coeruleum bildete auch PG konstitutiv, nicht jedochF. sulphureum. Die Cellulase-Synthese erfolgte bei beiden Pilzen konstitutiv, die der Protease bevorzugt konstitutiv. Die Kulturdauer beeinflusste die Syntheserate der Enzyme unterschiedlich. PME und PG vonF. coeruleum zeigten im Gegensatz zuF. sulphureum keinen Aktivit?tsabfall innerhalb von 39 Tagen. Die Cellulase-Synthese des ersteren Pilzes stieg bis zum 18. Tag an, um dann langsam abzufallen, die des letzteren fiel nach starker Aktivit?t bei 3 Tagen nach 6 Tagen stark ab, um dann aber wieder über den gesamten Zeitraum stetig anzusteigen. Anders verhielt sich die Protease-Synthese, die beiF. coeruleum mit ca. 21 Tagen ihr Optimum erreichte.
Summary In vivo,Fusarium coeruleum grows intercellularly andF. sulphureum intracellularly. The possible relationship between this and the activity of various enzymes has been investigated. All isolates ofF. coeruleum andF. sulphureum were able to produce pectinmethylesterases (PME), polygalacturonases (PG), cellulases and proteases. Both fungi synthesized PME constitutively, more being produced if substrate was added. PG was formed constitutively only byF. coeruleum. Cellulase synthesis was constitutive in both fungi and protease synthesis mainly constitutive (Fig. 2). The PME activity ofF. coeruleum was influenced by the N-source. inorganic N-compounds being more effective than organic in this respect. Peptone from casein was found suitable for PG activity. In contrast to the proteases, cellulase activity. In contrast to the proteases, cellulase activity was not greatly influenced by the N-source. The PME and PG ofF. coeruleum showed no loss of activity up to 39 days. The cellulase activity of this fungus increased up to 18 days and then declined. The cellulase activity ofF. sulphureum rose to a high level on the 3rd day. decreased after 6 days but increased again between the 9th and 39th day. Protease activity inF. coeruleum reached a maximum in 33 days and inF. sulphureum in 21 days (Table 2).
Résumé II a été essayé d'éclaircir en partie par la voice de procédés physiologico-biochimiques le mécanisme différent de la propagation durant la conservation des deux agents de pourritureFusarium coeruleum etFusarium sulphureum. Touslesisolats deF.coeruleum etF. sulphureum ont été capables de développer des pectines-méthylestérases (PME), polygalacturonases (PG), cellulases et protéases. Pour les deux champignons, la synthèse de PME a été réalisée de manière constitutive et sensiblement activée par l'adjonction de substrats.F. coeruleum élabore aussi le PG de manière constitutive, contrairement à F. sulphureum. La synthèse de la cellulase fut constitutive pour les deux champignons, celle de la protéase fut de préférence constitutive (fig. 2). Le taux de la synthèse des enzymes varie pendant la duréc de la culture. Contrairement àF. sulphureum, les PME et PG deF. coeruleum n'ont pas diminué leur activité durant 39 jours. La synthèse de la cellulase deF. coeruleum s'est accrue jusqu'au 18e jour pour régresser ensuite lentement, celle deF. sulphureum, après une intense activité durant les 3 premiers jours, a fortement diminué pendant 6 jours puis a augmenté de fa?on continue jusqu'à la fin de la période. La synthèse de la protéase a évolué différemment; pourF. coeruleum, elle a atteint son optimum après 21 jours environ (tableau 2).
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