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1.
A 5-year-old, male German shepherd dog was evaluated for a 5-week history of vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, and weight loss. In abdominal radiographs, there was an unusual corrugated appearance within a loop of intestine. Sonographically, this loop also had a similar corrugated appearance with alternating hyperechoic and hypoechoic bands. Lymph nodes within the abdomen and thorax were enlarged, and a thoracic mass was also detected. Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirates of the mesenteric lymph nodes were highly suggestive of lymphoma. After postmortem examination, a diagnosis of multicentric lymphoma with involvement of the gastrointestinal tract was made.  相似文献   

2.
The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the ultrasonographic features of malignant histiocytosis (MH), malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and histiocytic sarcoma in abdominal organs of dogs. The medical records of 18 dogs that had undergone abdominal sonography and had a histopathologic diagnosis of abdominal MH, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and histiocytic sarcoma were reviewed. The organ most commonly affected was the spleen. MH was the most common followed by histiocytic sarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. In the spleen there were often multiple hypoechoic nodules with well-defined borders. In one dog, without focal lesions, the spleen was enlarged and hypoechoic. The liver was the second most commonly affected organ. MH was most common followed by histiocytic sarcomas and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The most common sonographic feature in the liver was the presence of multiple hypoechoic nodules with well-defined borders. One dog without hepatic nodules had a liver that was ultrasonographically enlarged and hypoechoic. MH in the abdominal lymph nodes resulted in hypoechoic lymphadenopathy. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma was the only neoplastic type in the kidneys appearing as a single heteroechoic renal mass with well-defined borders. MH was observed in the stomach of one dog. Sonographically there was a single well circumscribed hypoechoic mass with well-defined borders and abnormal stomach layers. In this study it was not possible to differentiate between MH, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and histiocytic sarcoma using sonography.  相似文献   

3.
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4.
This study evaluated the difference in retinoid receptor expression between non-neoplastic lymph nodes and nodal lymphoma in dogs. Retinoid receptor expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 32 canine lymph nodes. The lymph nodes had been previously diagnosed as non-neoplastic (6 normal and 7 hyperplastic lymph nodes) and B- and T-cell lymphoma (19 cases). Immunohistochemistry for retinoic acid receptors and retinoid-X receptors (and their subtypes α, β, and γ) was performed in all cases. In addition, immunohistochemistry for CD3 and CD79a was performed in all lymphoma cases. Non-neoplastic lymphocytes were negative for all retinoid receptors. Retinoic acid receptor-γ was detected in 100% of B-cell lymphoma and 78% of T-cell lymphoma, while retinoid X receptor-γ was positive in 78% of T-cell lymphoma cases. When normal lymph node architecture was still present, a contrast between retinoid-negative benign cells and retinoid-positive malignant cells was clear. Retinoid receptors were expressed in neoplastic, but not in benign lymphocytes, suggesting their value for both diagnosis and treatment of canine lymphoma.  相似文献   

5.
Cutaneous malignant lymphomas are rare in horses and comprise predominantly T-cell-rich B-cell lymphomas. They are characterized by multiple tumour nodules affecting predominantly female horses with a survival rate of months to years. At the final stage, metastases to regional lymph nodes occur, whereas widespread organ involvement is rarely reported. In this case report, a cutaneous T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma in a 7-year-old standardbred gelding with metastases is described. Clinically, multiple cutaneous and subcutaneous nodules, enlarged superficial lymph nodes, rapid weight loss, and ventral oedema were observed. In addition to the clinical findings, necropsy revealed tumour infiltration in multiple body lymph nodes, a solitary pleural mass, and few pulmonary and intestinal tumour nodules. Microscopically, all neoplasms were composed of a densely packed cell population consisting of large lymphoblastic cells expressing CD79a, and numerous small, round, CD3-positive T lymphocytes. With respect to these findings the diagnosis of a cutaneous T-cell-rich B-cell lymphoma with metastases was made.  相似文献   

6.
A 6-year-old female Labrador retriever presented with a mass in the right mammary gland, and swollen right inguinal and axillary lymph nodes. Fine needle aspiration biopsy suggested a malignant lipid-producing tumor, such as liposarcoma. Histopathologically, the neoplasms were solid, lobulated nests of atypical epithelial cells with a large amount of extracellular deposits of amyloid in both mammary gland and lymph nodes. The proliferating cells contained large cytoplasmic vacuoles, positive for oil red-O. These cells were immunopositive for cytokeratin (AE1/AE3) and β-casein and negative for SMA. The amyloid deposits were immunopositive for β-casein. These findings suggested that the proliferating cells secreted β-casein forming amyloid deposits. This is the first report of mammary lipid-rich carcinoma with extensive amyloid deposition derived from β-casein.  相似文献   

7.
A 22-year-old female mandrill (Mandrillus sphinix) with continuously growing mass at the right mammary gland area was found dead, and a postmortem examination was performed. At necropsy, an elevated firm subcutaneous mass about 5 cm in diameter was present at the right mammary gland area. Axillary, mediastinal, and tracheobronchial lymph nodes were enlarged 2 to 4 times their normal sizes. Numerous metastatic foci 2 to 5 mm in diameter were scattered in the lung. Histologically, the tumor was diagnosed as mammary gland adenocarcinoma. Metastasis to the regional lymph nodes and lung was also confirmed. This is the first reported case of a mammary gland tumor in mandrill in Asia.  相似文献   

8.
The objective of this study was to characterize the ultrasonographic patterns of normal superficial lymph nodes and to evaluate whether ultrasonography can help discriminate between different lymphadenopathies (reactive, lymphoma, and metastases) in dogs. Three hundred and eighteen superficial lymph nodes in 142 dogs were studied by B-mode, color flow mapping, power, and spectral Doppler ultrasonography. Size, echogenicity, nodal border definition, presence of a nodal hilus, acoustic enhancement and distribution of vascular flow, as well as perfusion indices were measured. Multivariate statistics using discriminant analysis was used to determine which parameters can be used to predict the diagnosis of the lymph node. The size of the lymph node, distribution of vascular flow within the lymph node, and pulsatility index (PI) in combination gave a classification error of 23% for the four groups of lymph nodes. This was improved to 11% if the nodes were divided into two groups: benign and malignant. There was a significant difference in resistive index (RI) and PI between benign and malignant nodes. Cut-off values were determined using receiver operator curves, 0.68 RI and 1.49 PI.  相似文献   

9.
From the canine genome database and its bioinformatic analysis, we identified conserved sequences within the vast majority of 61 variable segments and 1 joining segment of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) gene, and designed optimal primers for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification directed at these conserved sequences to evaluate the monoclonality of IgH in canine B cell lymphoma. Using the primers, a PCR-based assay was performed on fine-needle aspiration samples of normal, hyperplasia, and malignant lymph nodes and lymphoma cell lines. All fine-needle aspiration samples of five B cell lymphoma cases and the B cell lymphoma line GL-1 exhibited clonal amplification, whereas no amplification was observed in the samples from normal and hyperplasia lymph nodes, cases of T cell lymphoma, and the T cell lymphoma line CL-1. The primers we designed clearly distinguished malignant B lymphocytes from normal, reactive, and malignant T lymphocytes, indicating a potential utility of the primers for PCR-based routine clinical examination for canine B cell lymphoma.  相似文献   

10.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lactoferrin and lysozyme content in various ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison. SAMPLE POPULATION: Tissues of ocular glands obtained from 15 bison and 15 cattle and tears collected from 38 bison. PROCEDURE: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect lysozyme and lactoferrin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the ocular glands. Protein gel electrophoresis was used to analyze ocular glands and pooled bison tears by use of a tris-glycine gel and SDS-PAGE. Western blotting was used to detect lactoferrin and lysozyme. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for lactoferrin was evident in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison and the deep gland of the third eyelid (Harder's gland) in cattle. Equivocal staining for lactoferrin was seen for the Harder's gland in bison. An 80-kd band (lactoferrin) was detected via electrophoresis and western blots in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison, Harder's glands of cattle, and bison tears. An inconsistent band was seen in Harder's glands of bison. Lysozyme was not detected in the lacrimal gland of cattle or bison with the use of immunohistochemical analysis or western blots. Western blots of bison tears did not reveal lysozyme. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Distribution of lactoferrin and a lack of lysozyme are similar in the lacrimal gland of cattle and bison. Differences in other tear components may be responsible for variability in the susceptibility to infectious corneal diseases that exists between bison and cattle.  相似文献   

11.
Technetium-99m methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile (sestamibi) imaging of malignant canine lymphoma was performed in thirteen dogs 1 hour after intravenous injection of 99mTc-sestamibi at 13 MBq (0.35 mCi) per kilogram body weight. Abnormal tracer uptake was visualized in the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and mesenteric, inguinal, popliteal, sternal, cranial cervical and mandibular lymph nodes. Radiopharmaceutical uptake was also noted in a nasal mass. One large neoplastic renal mass did not have demonstrable sestamibi uptake. Other regions had no significant difference in the target:background ratios when compared with values from normal dogs ( P > 0.05). 99mTc-sestamibi can be used to image malignant lymphoma, and has potential applications in the management of patients to document response to treatment and to stage of extent of disease.  相似文献   

12.
Doppler ultrasound has been used in humans to determine angioarchitecture of lymph nodes as the criterion for the determination of malignancy. We hypothesized that the vascular and perfusion patterns of a canine malignant lymph node could be characterized with intravenous microbubble ultrasound contrast media and that contrast harmonic ultrasound could provide better conspicuity of the angioarchitecture when compared with Power Doppler ultrasound. In this study, 11 peripheral lymph nodes in dogs with histologically verified malignant lymphoma were imaged with fundamental ultrasound, Power Doppler ultrasound, and three contrast harmonic pulse sequences to characterize the vascular pattern and perfusion. Vascular imaging was greatly enhanced in these nodes with 2.13 times more vessels seen with contrast harmonic ultrasound compared with Power Doppler ultrasound (P < 0.01). The angioarchitecture of lymphomatous lymph nodes of dogs in this study were similar to those previously described in malignant superficial lymph nodes in human patients; 45.5% of the nodes had displacement of the central hilar vessel, 45.5% had aberrant vessels, 63.6% had pericapsular vessels, 36.4% had subcapsular vessels, and 81.8% had loss of the central hyperechoic band in fundamental sonography. Poor perfusion, indicated by a lower mean pixel intensity increase between pre- and postcontrast administration images, was seen in 36.4% of the lymph nodes while 63.6% had fair to good perfusion. The perfusion patterns in nine of the 11 lymph nodes were homogenous and two showed focal hypoperfused regions. We conclude that Power Doppler and contrast harmonic ultrasound are beneficial in accurately depicting angioarchitechture and can provide additional information in determining the presence of malignant vascular characteristics within lymphomatous nodes in dogs.  相似文献   

13.
Lymphoma was observed in a 4-month-old female Japanese White rabbit. Grossly, the markedly enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, prominent Peyer's patches of jejunum, splenomegaly, and enlargement of tracheobronchial lymph nodes, adrenal glands and ovaries were observed. Histologically, neoplastic lymphoid cells proliferated diffusely showing frequent mitotic figures and a characteristic 'starry sky' appearance. Their basophilic cytoplasm contained a few lipid droplets. The mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches of jejunum, and tracheobronchial lymph nodes were largely replaced by the tumor tissues. The stomach, small intestines, especially the jejunum, liver, spleen, ovaries, and adrenal glands were heavily infiltrated with neoplastic cells. These results suggest that the present lymphoma may have originated from the gastrointestinal lymphoid tissue.  相似文献   

14.
The jejunal and medial iliac lymph nodes of 53 clinically normal dogs between the age of 4 and 6 weeks were examined ultrasonographically. At least two jejunal and both left and right medial iliac lymph nodes were seen in all dogs. One hundred forty‐five jejunal, 53 right medial iliac and 53 left medial iliac lymph nodes in six litters of dogs, for a total of 251 lymph nodes, were measured for cross sectional maximum diameters. Mean jejunal lymph node length was 16.4 mm (range 6.4–34.9 mm) and mean width was 6.0 mm (range 2.3–15.7 mm). The mean medial iliac lymph node length was 13.6 mm (range 7.2–27.8 mm) and mean width was 4.4 mm (range 1.9–8.2 mm). Significant differences of lymph node size, noted between and within breeds, may not be of clinical significance. The mean size of the combined left and right medial iliac nodes was within previously published ranges for normal adult dogs. Lymph nodes were described in four litters of dogs (162 lymph nodes). Lymph nodes were either uniformly hypoechoic (108/163, 66%) or centrally hyperechoic with a hypoechoic rim (55/163, 34%). Although most (60%) lymph nodes were oval, a variety of shapes were seen, including vermiform and complex branching shapes. We concluded that in 4‐ to 6‐week‐old dogs, medial iliac lymph nodes are similar in size to adult dogs and jejunal lymph nodes are multiple, routinely seen, are larger than in adults and often have unconventional shapes.  相似文献   

15.
The differentiation of benign vs. neoplastic lymph nodes impacts patient management. Specific sonographic features are typically considered when assessing lymph nodes in dogs. However, the usefulness of these criteria in distinguishing benign vs. malignant lymph nodes remains largely unknown, especially for deep lymph nodes. Our aim was to compare sonographic features in benign and neoplastic deep lymph nodes with the hope of identifying predictive criteria. Thirty‐one deep lymph nodes (16 mesenteric, 10 medial iliac, three hepatic, one sternal, and one cranial mediastinal) in 31 dogs were examined prospectively with B‐mode and Color flow Doppler. Lymph nodes were aspirated using ultrasound‐guidance and final diagnosis were established based on cytologic and/or histopathologic interpretation. Prevalence of each sonographic feature and combinations of two features was calculated for each group and compared using a χ2‐test or Student's t‐test for unequal variances. Ten lymph nodes were benign (hyperplastic and/or inflammatory) and 21 were neoplastic. All were hypoechoic, except for one neoplastic lymph node. Maximal short‐axis diameter (P=0.0006) and long‐axis diameter (P=0.01), and SA/LA ratio (P=0.008) were increased significantly for neoplastic (2.8, 5.5 cm, and 0.50, respectively) vs. benign (1.2, 3.8 cm, and 0.34, respectively) lymph nodes. The prevalence of other features was similar between groups. Doppler evaluation was possible in 77% of lymph nodes, but there was no significant difference between groups. When any two ultrasound features were combined, the only difference between benign and neoplastic lymph nodes was for the combination of contour regularity and appearance of the perinodal fat (P=0.03).  相似文献   

16.
An 18‐year‐old Quarter Horse mare presented with an 18 week history of dermatological lesions characterised by recurrent urticaria and recent signs of enlarged mammary glands, pyrexia, alopecia and intense pruritus. Haematological and serum biochemical analyses revealed anaemia, leucocytosis, thrombocytopenia and hyperfibrinogenaemia. Mammary discharge was evaluated and revealed neutrophilia. Cytological examinations of fine needle aspirates from the parotid lymph nodes were normal. Common causes of anaemia were ruled out by specific tests. The initial diagnosis was mastitis and 2 weeks later the animal returned to the hospital with worsening of clinical signs, intermittent fever, intense pruritus and generalised alopecia. Blood samples were collected for haematological and serum biochemical analyses, and the mammary gland and parotid lymph nodes were biopsied. Rectal palpation revealed a large irregular mass near the left kidney with adhesions of surrounding structures. The animal died before the laboratory results were ready. This report details the clinical, histological and immunophenotypic findings of a case of large lymphoma in a mare.  相似文献   

17.
This study describes the transabdominal ultrasonographic findings in 54 goats with confirmed Johne’s disease (JD). Compared with the control group (0.8 ± 0.4 mm thick), the test group presented with mild (2.8 ± 0.2 mm), moderate (4.2 ± 0.4 mm), and severe (6.9 ± 1.1 mm) thickening of the intestinal wall. The most outstanding ultrasonographic findings were pronounced enlargement of the mesenteric lymph nodes in 49 goats. In 36 goats, the enlarged lymph nodes showed a hypoechoic cortex and a hyperechoic medulla. In 7 goats, the cortex and medulla were hypoechoic. In 5 goats, the cortex and the medulla could not be differentiated. In the remaining cases, the cortex and medulla contained small hypoechoic lesions. Necropsy findings included enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes in 52 goats and thickening of the small intestinal wall in 30 goats. Compared with the postmortem results, the antemortem ultrasound sensitivity in detecting intestinal wall thickness and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes was 80% and 94%, respectively.  相似文献   

18.
The sonographic features of intestinal mast cell tumors (MCT) were reviewed in 14 cats. The mean age was 13.4 ± 2.5 years. There were 16 focal intestinal tumors and one diffuse submucosal infiltrate. The most common pattern was focal, hypoechoic wall thickening that was noncircumferential and eccentric (9/16 tumors) or circumferential, asymmetric, and eccentric (5/16 tumors). Nine of the cats had lesions in the jejunum or duodenum, four were at the ileocecocolic junction, and one cat had a colonic mass. Six MCTs had altered but not loss of wall layering, and the most commonly affected layer on ultrasound examination was the muscularis propria. Nine cats had enlarged abdominal lymph nodes, and seven were due to metastatic disease. Metastatic disease was not routinely detected by ultrasound in the liver (1/4 cats) or the spleen (0/3 cats). Concurrent small cell (T cell) lymphoma was present in four of 14 cats (29%).  相似文献   

19.
Ultrasonography and radiography are commonly used for staging of lymphoma in horses, however there is little published information on imaging characteristics for horses with confirmed disease. The purpose of this retrospective, case series study was to describe ultrasonographic and radiographic findings for a group of horses with a confirmed diagnosis of lymphoma. A total of 13 horses were sampled. Lymphadenopathy (8/13), peritoneal effusion (6/13), splenic (6/13), and hepatic (5/13) lesions were the most frequently identified. The predominant splenic and hepatic ultrasonographic lesions were hypoechoic nodules, organomegaly, and changes in echogenicity. Digestive tract lesions were detected in three horses and these included focal thickening and decreased echogenicity of the small (2/13) and large intestinal (2/13) wall. Thoracic lesions were predominantly pleural effusion (4/13), lymphadenopathy (4/13), and lung parenchymal changes (3/13). Enlarged lymph nodes were detected radiographically (4/13) and/or ultrasonographically (2/13) in the thorax and ultrasonographically in the abdomen (7/13) and in the caudal cervical region (4/13). Findings supported the use of abdominal and thoracic ultrasonography for lymphoma staging in horses. Ultrasound landmarks for localizing cecal and caudal deep cervical lymph nodes were also provided.  相似文献   

20.
Three horses were examined for ulcerative pharyngitis, which had been unresponsive to treatment. Biopsy specimens of the pharyngeal lesions were characterized histologically by a mixed population of lymphocytes and histiocytes, suggesting chronic inflammation. Only when biopsy specimens of regional lymph nodes revealed this cell population disrupting the lymph node architecture was the diagnosis of malignant lymphoma made.  相似文献   

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