共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
华北平原广泛分布着一种具有灰白色紧实结壳的土壤,群众称为瓦碱(或岗瓦碱)。这种土壤在冀[1]、鲁[2]、豫[3]、苏[4,5]、皖[6,7,8]五省都有分布,一般认为这是一种碱化土壤,但其性质及形成过程还不够清楚。根据国内外的研究资料,碱化土壤多分布于栗钙土、黑土及棕色荒漠草原土带,至于褐土带地区浅色草甸土发生碱化过程,在土壤学研究中还是一个新问题。因此,我们曾对山东、河南某些瓦碱进行了一些工作,今将初步结果报导如下。 相似文献
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在山区森林线以上,山地草甸植被下发育的土壤,通称“山地草甸土”。Н.А.Богосовсий(1897、1902)和В.В.окуаев(1899)首先将其做为特殊的发生土类划分出来。我国早期有关论著[3-7]多以“高山草原土”称之,在1954年的土壤分类表[8]中,才“首次分出了……山地草甸土”[9]。山地草甸带如拥有较大的垂直分布空间时,可细分为高山草甸和亚高山草甸带。 相似文献
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松嫩平原盐渍土主要类型、性质及其形成过程 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
松嫩平原是我国内陆盐清土主要分布地区之一.这里的盐清土从很早以前就已开始受到注意.川岛[17]池田[16],[18]宋达泉[6.10]、陈恩凤[1-3]熊毅[4]、B.A.柯夫达[7,9]И.П.格拉西莫夫和焉溶之[5]、程伯容[8]等的研究对这个地区盐清土的剖面性态、理化性质、发生分类和地理分布砚律方面提供了大量宝贵的资料. 相似文献
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红壤性水稻土是我国中亚热带地区的主要水稻土类型。根据江西省土壤普查的初步统计资料(1960),总面积约占全省水稻土的50%以上。红壤性水稻土基本性质的研究,已经累积了许多资料[1]。侯光炯和马溶之首先从形态发生的角度、研究了江西南昌地区某些红壤性水稻土的特性,以及形成过程中物质移动的淀积特征[2]。 相似文献
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天津地区土壤中若干金属元素间的相关性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤中的元素主要来源于成土母质[1],但在风化成土过程中,元素的迁移与富集能力各不相同。为了寻求土壤中元素间的内在联系,判断元素的含量和分布状况,元素间的相关分析法是良好的方法之一。例如,Ure等[6]测定了苏格兰不同母质的土壤中多种微量元素含量,并讨论了各元素间的相互关系。Pilotte等[5]用相关性分析法对河口地区沉积物中元素含量进行判断,浅见辉男等[4]用元素相关性描述了沉积物中元素分布,梁伟[5]用元素相关性对土壤背景值进行判断等。本文根据天津地区土壤表土中16个元素之间的相关系数,探讨元素的地球化学性质对元素间的相关性的影响。 相似文献
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褐土广布我国华北地区,常与棕色森林土和浅色草甸土相伴发生[1,5]。关于华北地区褐土的发生类型、形成环境、分布规律以及演变过程的研究,已有详细报告[2],本文拟就粘土矿物组成方面阐明褐土的性质,特选出几个土壤剖面,分离其胶体(小于1微米)部分,进行矿物组成的研究。 相似文献
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土壤吸收性能的研究,自上世纪Way,Bemmelen 以来,吸引过很多土壤化学家的注意,诸如К.К.Гедройц[1],А.Н.Соколовский[9].Н/П/Ремезов[8],Н.И.Горбунов[3]等。 相似文献
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宁夏引黄灌区的灌淤土 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
灌淤土是宁夏引黄灌区的主要耕作土壤之一,约占全灌区面积的50%,占耕地面积的80%。从五十年代开始,我们已注意到这种土壤的形成和灌淤熟化的特点,将其命名为草甸灌溉熟土[1]。1978年全国土壤分类会议,定名为灌淤土,在全国分类系统中,划分出这个新的土类[2]。 相似文献
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昆明地区不同母质对红壤发育的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
昆明地区位于云南省中部,为我国西南高原红壤的主要分布区。关于本区土壤形成过程及发生分类等同题,虽然曾有人做过不少工作,但至今仍存在着一些分歧;有人认为本区土壤的形成过程以砖红壤化为主,土壤类型为砖红壤及铁质砖红壤性土[1,2];有人认为棕壤化为本区土壤的主要成土过程,土壤应命名为棕色森林土[4];另有人认为本区土壤属红壤,目前的成土过程为红壤化[5],所有这些意见,均因资料不足而难取得统一。 相似文献
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Equal or comparable contents of Fe and Al extractable by Tamm and Mehra-Jackson solutions have been revealed in all the horizons of a loamy mucky-peaty-podzolic gley soil on binary deposits. The content of Si extractable by the Mehra-Jackson solution has exceeded that of oxalate-soluble Si by an order of magnitude. The distributions of Al in the Tamm solutions from the entire soil and its fractions of 1–5 and >5 μm are of accumulative type with a maximum in the mucky H horizon and a gradual decrease of the content with depth in relation with the analogous distribution of Al-organic complexes. The maximum content of oxalate-soluble Al in the clay fraction has been found in the eluvial ELg horizon, which can be due to the partial dissolution of Al hydroxide interlayers in soil chlorites. The distribution of Fe in the entire soil has two maximums, in the H horizon due to the accumulation of Fe-organic complexes and in the concretion-rich ELnn,g horizon due to the accumulation of Fe hydroxides. Depletion of oxalate-soluble Fe in the eluvial ELg horizon has been observed in all the fractions, which can be related to its mobilization and removal under strongly acidic conditions and the development of reductive processes, as well as the enrichment of the concretion-rich horizon with these compounds because of an increase in pH and the development of conditions favorable for water stagnation and Fe segregation. 相似文献
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Marianna Czaplicka Hanna Barchanska Katarzyna Jaworek Bożena Kaczmarczyk 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2018,18(3):827-834
Purpose
In this paper, an attempt was made to explain the long-lasting occurrence of atrazine in soil. Despite the fact that this herbicide has been banned in European Union 10 years ago, it is still detected in the environment.Materials and methods
Soil samples (organic and mineral horizon), SiO2 and Al2O3 sorbents were spiked with atrazine. The ultrasound-assisted extraction coupled with gas chromatography-electron capture detector was performed to establish the atrazine recovery depending on the type of soil horizon and sorbent. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was conducted to determine the type of interactions between atrazine and sorbents.Results and discussion
The atrazine recovery was lower for the mineral horizon (15%) compared to the organic horizon (63%). This finding suggests an interaction between atrazine and the mineral components of soil. Therefore, attempts have been made to explain atrazine’s interaction with the main mineral components of soil, SiO2 and Al2O3, and to investigate the influence of pH on atrazine’s behaviour in soil. The atrazine recoveries were 86.5 and 10.7% for Al2O3 and SiO2, respectively. The obtained results demonstrated that the protonated atrazine exhibits stronger interactions with the soil mineral layer (recovery below 0.1%) in comparison to molecular form of atrazine (recovery 86%). FTIR results suggested interactions between atrazine and SiO2. FTIR analysis revealed that 1,3,5-azidine ring interacts with SiO2 molecule.Conclusions
In acidic soil, atrazine remediation is limited, especially if the soil contains minerals with high SiO2 contents. This situation may cause the long-lasting persistence of atrazine in soil.16.
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G. S. Bazykina E. B. Skvortsova V. D. Tonkonogov S. F. Khokhlov 《Eurasian Soil Science》2007,40(6):616-627
The postagrogenic transformation of the plow horizon of soddy-podzolic soils under a mown meadow and an artificially planted dense spruce stand has been studied in relation to the microclimatic specificity, water budgets, and soil temperature regimes in the compared cenoses. Over 20 years, a considerable part of precipitation reaching the soil surface under the meadow cenosis has been discharged with the surface runoff and subsurface lateral water flows. The soil warming in summer has been considerable, and the soil freezing in winter has been relatively weak. As a result, a gray humus horizon with well-shaped fine granular and coprolitic structure has been formed within the body of the former plow layer. Under the spruce stand, a larger part of atmospheric moisture has been infiltrated into the soil. The microclimatic conditions under the spruce stand have been more humid and colder. As a result, a thinner humus horizon with a considerable admixture of weakly decomposed plant debris has been formed in the upper part of the former plow layer. Below, a newly formed horizon with a specific thin platy (schlieren) structure ha been developed. The morphology of this horizon resembles the morphology of the eluvial horizon in virgin soddy-podzolic soils. 相似文献
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不同耕作制度对土壤渗透性和玉米生长的影响研究 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9
针对松辽平原玉米连作黑土在不同作制度下所形成的两种不同构型剖面(“平面型”剖面和“波浪型”剖面),对玉米产量有显著影响。通过模拟构型,研究了不同剖面构型的水分特征及其对土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:“平面型”剖面构造改善了土壤的通透性,增加了土壤水分渗透的速率,减少了雨水径流。“波浪型”剖面耕层土壤的耗水量比“平面型”剖面的大,特别是后期,易发生水分亏缺现象。从作物生育时期降雨量分析来看,对于“平面型”剖面来说略有盈余,而“波浪型”却出现亏缺。“波浪型”剖面耕层土壤比“平面型”剖面更容易发生干旱现象,这可能是黑土区土壤易出现干旱现象的主要原因。在这种现象的作用下,使玉米生长过度依靠年度降水,将会出现年际产量的高波动性。 相似文献
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划分水稻土土种,是以土体构型及诊断层的发育度为依据.为此,须首先确定水稻土的基本土层,规定层位段标准.因不同层位标准基本土层组成的土体构型,心土部位诊断层发育度相应有差异,以潴育型水稻土的渗育层为例,除形态特征不同外,中度发育的含结晶铁及晶胶率高,弱度发育的次之,强度发育的是无定形铁含量明显增高.耕作层肥力状况是划分亚种的主要依据,必须按理化性状及犁底层发育特征综合判断. 相似文献
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Laminar opaline silica was first found in the 0.2 to 5 μ fraction and most abundant in the 0.4 to 2 μ fractions of young Japanese Andosols by Shoji and Masui (1969a, b). It was noted that the A horizon of a profile tends to be relatively rich in opaline silica whereas the B or C horizon, in allophane (Shoji and Masui, 1972a, b). They (I972a) distinguished four types of opaline silica particles such as circular, elliptical, rectangular, and rhombic, of which the circular and elliptical types predominate. It has been suggested that the formation of opaline silica is favored by a plentiful supply of soluble silica in the early weathering stage of Andosols, the supersaturation of silica by surface evaporation of soil solution, and the suppression of aluminum activity in the soil solution by the accumulation of soil organic matter (Shoji and Masui, 1972b; Wada and Harward, 1974). The purpose of the present short communication is to describe the occurrence of laminar opaline silica particles in some Oregon Andosols, U.S.A. 相似文献