共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 504 毫秒
1.
土壤因子对链霉菌S506定殖和促生功能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
链霉菌S506是从植物根际分离获得的具有促生、防病和降解根系毒素功能的根际微生物,为了解土壤环境条件对其在根际定殖和功能表达的影响,以链霉菌S506为试材,研究了土壤质地、环境温度和土壤湿度对S506在番茄根际土壤定殖及番茄植株生长的影响.结果表明,适宜链霉菌S506在番茄根际定殖和促生作用发挥的土壤质地为壤土,其次为砂土和黏土;试验所设温度梯度中,利于S506在根际定殖的环境温度为30℃,其次为22.5℃和15℃,而利于目的菌株促生功能表达的环境温度则依次为22.5℃、30℃和15℃;适宜于目的菌株在根际定殖和促生功能发挥的土壤相对湿度为20%、25%,其次为15%和30%. 相似文献
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披碱草根际促生菌筛选及其接种剂的促生作用 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
【目的】体外促生能力是衡量微生物菌株作用的一个重要指标,测定获取的植物根际促生菌并明确其对披碱草的促生效果,可为其在生产中的应用提供依据。【方法】2014年9月从西藏阿里地区采集披碱草根系及根际土壤,以常规方法分离出其中的溶磷菌、 固氮菌和分泌3-吲哚乙酸(IAA)细菌的10株菌株。测定其溶磷量、 固氮酶活性及分泌生长素能力,并将其制成植物根际接种剂,测定接种剂对披碱草生长的影响及其在根际的定殖能力。【结果】菌株PWXZ10溶磷能力较好,达40.89 mg/L; 菌株003PWXZ6固氮酶活性较强,达421.21 nmol/(mL·h); 菌株NXP17分泌生长素能力较强,达31.33 μg/mL。与对照菌株(Pseudomonas sp. Jm92)相比,菌株003PWXZ6和NXP17制备的接种剂可显著增加披碱草株高、 地上生物量和地下生物量(P0.05),但两者之间差异不显著(P0.05); 接种剂003PWXZ6对披碱草根总长、 根表面积、 根体积、 根直径、 含磷量、 含氮量和粗蛋白含量增加显著(P0.05),分别较对照菌株(Pseudomonas sp. Jm92)增加了330%、 199%、 118%、 187%、 70%、 15%和19%,并且该菌株在根际定殖能力很强。 【结论】植物根际促生菌003PWXZ6和NXP17对披碱草具有良好促生效果,可为开发经济环保的生物肥料提供了菌种资源。 相似文献
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棉花根际促生细菌的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
综述了根际促生细菌(PGPR)的概念、研究手段、基因标记技术和荧光原位杂交技术在研究棉花根际促生细菌中的应用.植物根系可以分泌各种对微生物有益的物质,吸引微生物在根际的聚集.棉花凝集素对根际促生细菌菌株的胞外多糖具有凝集作用,在棉花根际促生细菌与棉花根部相互识别过程中具有重要作用,可以利用棉花凝集素作为筛选工具筛选对棉花具有促生作用的根际促生细菌菌株.基因标记技术证明棉花根际促生细菌能高密度地定殖在棉花根部,对棉花的生长起促进作用,并能抑制某些植物病原菌及根际有害微生物.分子生物学技术在微生物生态学领域的应用促进了棉花根际促生细菌的研究和应用,可以利用棉花根际促生细菌研发微生物肥料. 相似文献
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将 GFP 基因标记的甲基对硫磷降解菌 DLLBR 接入 100 ml LB 培养基,过夜培养达到 1010cfu/ml,浇灌到盆钵试验的 800 g 土壤中,20 天后用激光共聚焦显微镜检测其在小青菜植株根部和植株内的定殖及分布。结果表明标记菌株能够在植株根圈较好地定殖,也能在植株内定殖。30 天后将植株各段研磨破碎,涂布 LB 平板计数发光菌落数,在根内的定殖数为 104cfu/g 根,在茎内的定殖数为 102cfu/g 茎。结果还发现与不接菌的对照相比,处理促进了植株内细菌群落结构的变化,尤其是芽孢杆菌的种类和数量明显增加。接菌 45 天后通过土壤计数检测发现,标记菌株在土壤中的存活力很高,能达到 106cfu/g 土,同时也发现与对照相比,接菌的土壤细菌群落结构明显发生了变化,细菌种类变化不大,但芽孢杆菌的数量明显增加。 相似文献
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本研究将2株香蕉枯萎病拮抗细菌0202和1112分别涂布于含有不同浓度的利福平培养基上,筛选出抗药性标记菌株0202-r和1112-r。将香蕉枯萎病菌Foc4接种于香蕉植株根部,3d后再将抗药性标记菌株接种在同一部位或位点,于不同时间测定拮抗细菌在根际、根内、球茎和假茎的定殖情况。研究结果显示,将拮抗细菌接种香蕉根部1～3d后,在植株根际土壤内存在大量拮抗细菌,而根内、球茎和假茎内存在少量拮抗细菌;接种7～14d后,在植株根内、球茎和假茎内定殖的拮抗细菌增多,并达到最大量;在接种14～21d后,在植株根内、球茎和假茎内定殖的拮抗细菌量急剧下降;在接种28~35d后,在植株根内、球茎和假茎内定殖的拮抗细菌量稍有回升。 相似文献
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西瓜根际促生菌筛选及生物育苗基质研制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过从西瓜根际分离筛选具根际定殖能力的植物根际促生菌,将其保活添加至普通育苗基质研制生物育苗基质,以确保功能菌株能够在苗期定殖根际,进而在移栽后发挥促生功能。结果表明,分离获得一株同时具有产吲哚乙酸(IAA)和NH_3,且对尖孢镰刀菌和茄科劳尔氏菌均有拮抗作用的植物根际促生菌(PGPR)菌株N23;在三季育苗试验中,与普通基质处理(CK)相比,添加菌株N23的生物育苗基质所育种苗,在多项苗期生长指标上均表现出稳定的促生作用;盆栽试验表明,除叶绿素相对含量测量值(SPAD)外,生物基质所育西瓜种苗的其他检测指标均显著高于对照(普通育苗基质所育种苗,下同);田间试验表明,生物基质所育种苗西瓜、黄瓜、辣椒和番茄种苗移苗后,在苗期植株株高和茎粗均显著优于对照,在产量上均增产10%以上。结合形态、生理生化特征和16S rDNA基因序列分析,初步鉴定菌株N23为芽孢杆菌属细菌(Bacillus sp.)。综上,利用芽孢杆菌N23研制的生物育苗基质能够有效促进所育不同作物种苗质量,增强移栽后作物的生长和田间产量。因此,本研究能够为根际有益微生物的应用提供新的思路,为生物育苗基质的研制提供理论支撑。 相似文献
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内生菌YN201728的定殖能力及其防治烟草白粉病的效果研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究生防菌YN201728在烟草体内的定殖规律及防病机制,本研究利用其绿色荧光标记菌株YN28-P43GFPmut3a实时动态观测标记菌的定殖部位及密度,并探究其对温室烟草白粉病的盆栽防效与定殖的关系。结果表明,YN28-P43GFPmut3a发酵液处理烟草种子和幼苗后,种子内的标记菌含量可达2.18×106 CFU·g-1,在幼苗的根表土、根际土、根、茎、叶等组织中均能检测到标记菌,且其定殖密度表现为根表土>根际土>根>茎>叶。激光共聚焦显微镜观察显示,标记菌主要聚集在烟草根表皮、木质部导管、茎表皮、韧皮部及维管束组织、叶片表面和叶肉细胞间隙以及种皮与胚等部位。盆栽防效试验结果表明,YN201728野生型和标记菌株对烟草白粉病均有较好的保护和治疗效果,持效期长达21 d。此外,烟草叶片中内生菌的定殖量与其防效呈正相关。本研究结果表明,内生菌YN201728在烟草体内有良好的定殖和防治白粉病效果,具很好的开发潜力,为烟草病害的生物防治提供了一定的理论基础。 相似文献
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解磷菌(phosphate solubilizing bacteria,PSB)可以通过提高土壤有效磷含量而增加作物产量,目前已有许多解磷菌被分离并应用于农业生产中,但关于解磷菌在植物根际中的定殖情况仍缺乏系统性的研究.WY4为本实验室前期从小白菜(Brassica chinensis)根际分离得到的一株高效解磷菌,本研究利用绿色荧光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)标记技术研究了WY4在小白菜根际及土壤中的定殖规律.与原菌株相比,GFP标记对菌株WY4-GFP生长及解磷活性具有较小影响,同时在促进小白菜生长上WY4-GFP与WY4无显著性差异;WY4-GFP具有持久的定殖能力(接种21d的自然土及30 d的小白菜根际土中,WY4-GFP的定殖数量分别为105和104 CFU/g左右),同时随时间的增加WY4-GFP在土壤中定殖数量逐渐减少;WY4-GFP在小白菜根冠及分生区大量定殖,在伸长区及侧根根毛处数量较少,同时表皮细胞间隙上也有较多的标记菌株.研究结果表明,WY4-GFP在小白菜根际及土壤中具有良好的定殖能力,这为后期深入研究解磷菌与植物间的关系提供了重要参考. 相似文献
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根际促生细菌(PGPR)与普通育苗基质联合形成生物育苗基质,能够有效促进PGPR菌株的根际定殖,从而增强菌株促生效果的发挥。本研究以辣椒和番茄两种经济作物为供试材料,采用拌土的方式向基质中添加PGPR菌株LZ-8发酵液形成生物育苗基质,研究了该生物基质对这两种作物苗期的促生效果及种苗移栽后大田产量的增加情况。结果表明:含PGPR菌株的生物育苗基质对辣椒和番茄苗期均具有显著的促生效果,其中苗期辣椒和番茄的株高、茎粗、叶面积、鲜重和干重分别比对照高出22%、15.9%、33.6%、21.84%、31.25%和26.8%、29.4%、62%、72.7%、83.3%;生物基质所育种苗移栽至大田后显著增加了辣椒和番茄的产量,分别比对照增产22%和11%。 相似文献
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田菁茎瘤固氮根瘤菌对小麦种子侵染的促生作用及其在根系内的定殖 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取8个常见小麦品种,通过室内限菌试验筛选出对于田菁茎瘤固氮根瘤菌Azorhizobium caulinodans ORS571 (A.caulinodans) 侵染响应敏感的品种,研究了浸种侵染、菌液浓度和添加葡萄糖对接菌小麦幼苗生长的影响,并结合荧光显微镜检测绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）标记A.caulinodans在小麦幼苗根系内的分布与定殖规律。结果表明:小偃22为响应敏感品种;在室内限菌条件下,浸种侵染小偃22幼苗平均根长和平均株高分别较对照增加了17.04%和8.37%;最适菌液浓度为1.0108个/mL;在菌液中添加1g/L葡萄糖有助于A.caulinodans浸种侵染和定殖。荧光显微镜检测结果显示,GFP标记A.caulinodans从小麦幼苗根毛和侧根裂隙处进入,定殖于根维管组织等部位。田间试验结果进一步表明A.caulinodans浸种侵染对不同小麦品种均具较明显的促生作用。 相似文献
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[目的]探究凤凰单枞茶树对土壤中铬和锰的吸收规律,为综合防治茶园土壤Cr和Mn污染提供科学依据。[方法]对粤东揭阳市揭东县宝山茶园凤凰单枞茶树和土壤进行采样,运用原子吸收分光光度计法测定茶叶、茶茎和茶根中Cr和Mn的含量,并采用乙酸提取法和原子吸收分光光度计法测定土壤样品中酸可提取态Cr和Mn的含量。[结果]茶树各器官Cr含量由高到低分布情况依次为:茶根>茶茎>茶叶;而Mn含量分布情况依次为:茶叶>茶茎>茶根。茶叶中Cr和Mn含量与土壤中酸可提取态Cr和Mn呈显著正相关性,茶茎中Cr含量与土壤中酸可提取态Cr也呈显著正相关性;茶叶、茶茎和茶根中的Cr含量均与土壤中有机质含量呈显著正相关性,茶根中的Mn含量与土壤pH值呈显著负相关性,茶叶中的Mn与土壤有机质呈显著正相关性。[结论]通过调节土壤酸可溶解态Cr和Mn,土壤pH值和有机质含量,从而控制茶树吸收Cr和Mn的量,可以达到防治茶叶重金属污染,提高茶叶质量的目的。 相似文献
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In both managed and natural ecosystems, beneficial plant-associated bacteria play a key role in supporting and/or increasing plant health and growth. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) can be applied in agricultural production or for the phytoremediation of pollutants. However, because of their capacity to confer plant beneficial effects, efficient colonization of the plant environment is of utmost importance. The majority of plant-associated bacteria derives from the soil environment. They may migrate to the rhizosphere and subsequently the rhizoplane of their hosts before they are able to show beneficial effects. Some rhizoplane colonizing bacteria can also penetrate plant roots, and some strains may move to aerial plant parts, with a decreasing bacterial density in comparison to rhizosphere or root colonizing populations. A better understanding on colonization processes has been obtained mostly by microscopic visualisation as well as by analysing the characteristics of mutants carrying disfunctional genes potentially involved in colonization. In this review we describe the individual steps of plant colonization and survey the known mechanisms responsible for rhizosphere and endophytic competence. The understanding of colonization processes is important to better predict how bacteria interact with plants and whether they are likely to establish themselves in the plant environment after field application as biofertilisers or biocontrol agents. 相似文献
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不同水分状况下施锌对玉米生长和锌吸收的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
选择潮土(砂壤)和土(粘壤)两种质地不同的土壤,进行盆栽试验,研究不同土壤水分条件下施锌对玉米生长和锌吸收的影响。结果表明,施锌显著增加了玉米植株根、茎、叶以及整株干物质重;缺锌条件下玉米植株根冠比、根叶比和根茎比趋向增大。施锌显著提高了玉米植株各器官中锌的浓度和吸收量,并明显促进锌向地上部运移。干旱胁迫抑制了玉米植株生长,根冠比、根茎比、根叶比增大;随着土壤水分供应增加,植株生长加快,各器官生物量以茎和叶增加大于根。水分胁迫下,在潮土上玉米叶片中锌浓度上升;在土上叶片中锌浓度下降。但增施锌后,根和茎锌浓度增加幅度较大,叶片增加幅度较小;施锌和水分胁迫对根和茎锌浓度的交互作用极显著。水分胁迫下,玉米植株对锌的吸收总量减少。水分胁迫和锌肥施用对玉米叶片、茎锌吸收量的交互作用十分显著,但对根锌吸收量的交互影响不显著。 相似文献
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以不同辣椒品种薄皮椒（Capsicum annuum）、线椒（Capsicum frutescens）为试验材料，采用盆栽方式，通过分析同种种植或混种（交叉及同行）模式下两种辣椒的产量、生物量、氮素积累量及根际土中氮形态和含量的变化，探究同种或混种辣椒根系互作对氮吸收积累的影响。结果表明，两种辣椒混合种植的果期茎叶干物质量、产量及果实氮积累量均高于同种种植，其中果期茎叶干物质量、产量及果实氮积累量平均增加26.67%、63.65%、15.08%；且同行种植的产量及果实氮积累量均为最高，但果期不同处理之间的根系干物质量无显著差异。果期时混种种植辣椒的铵硝比显著低于同种种植，平均降低67.39%。通过两种辣椒混合种植，特别是同行种植，能够达到增加产量、提高氮素积累量的目的，在实际的生产中具有一定的可行性和推广前景。 相似文献
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Taxonomic diversity of bacteria associated with the roots of modern, recent and ancient wheat cultivars 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Breeding programs for crop plants are designed to improve agronomic characteristics such as yield, fertilizer use efficiency and disease resistance. These programs do not typically consider interactions between plants and soil microflora. This study assessed the bacterial communities associated with roots of various spring wheat (Triticum spp.) cultivars of related lineage. Bacteria (n=ca. 1900) were isolated from the rhizosphere and root interior of Triticum moncoccum PI 167549 (an ancient land race that originated in Turkey), T. aestivum cv. Red Fife (historical spring wheat cultivar released in Canada ca. 1845) and T. aestivum cv. CDC Teal (modern cultivar registered in Canada in 1991) grown at two different field sites. Bacteria were identified by gas chromatography-MIDI (microbial identification software) fatty acid methyl ester analysis. Twenty-eight bacterial genera were identified as being associated with the three wheat cultivars, but only Aureobacter species differed significantly between cultivars with 16 isolates identified from the root interior of PI 167549 compared to one isolate from Red Fife and two from CDC Teal. In contrast, the bacterial endophytic community of the more modern cultivars was more diverse than that seen for the ancient land race. Increases in diversity were not limited to a single genus and some species were selected against. For example, pseudomonads were more numerous and diverse in the root interior (11 species identified in 117 isolates) compared to the rhizosphere (eight species identified in 94 isolates), but Pseudomonas fluorescens abundance decreased in the root interior compared to the rhizosphere. The fact that the roots of newer wheat cultivars were aggressively colonized by endophytic pseudomonads suggests that these bacteria might be exploited as plant growth-promoting rhizosphere bacteria or as a means to establish specific catabolic activities in these plants. 相似文献
19.
Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) are used for biocontrol of bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. They are commonly isolated from the rhizosphere of healthy plants and are scarce in the rhizosphere of diseased plants. We hypothesized that a pathogen-prevalent environment, such as the rhizosphere of infected plants, would be a good or better source for isolating PGPRs than the rhizosphere of healthy plants. In order for these PGPRs to survive successfully in a pathogen-prevalent environment, they must have particularly well-developed survival strategies under the stresses exerted by pathogen activities, which would be of value for their use as biocontrol agents. To test this hypothesis, R. solanacearum-antagonistic bacteria were screened from the rhizospheres of diseased and healthy tomato plants. In total, 110 rhizobacteria were isolated, 18 of which showed antagonism to R. solanacearum in vitro. Among the 18 antagonistic strains, 11 (out of 60) were from the rhizosphere of diseased plants, with inhibition diameter zones ranging from 11.2 to 15.2 mm, whereas 7 (out of 50) were from the rhizosphere of healthy plants, with inhibition diameter zones ranging from 11.5 to 30.5 mm. Strains WR4, WR21, and WR42 from diseased plants rhizosphere, and HR61, HR62, and HR92 from healthy plants rhizosphere, were chosen to investigate their biocontrol efficacies (BCEs) in greenhouse condition. Results showed that WR-isolates performed better in reducing disease incidence (DI) than those HR-isolates. Population densities of R. solanacearum in the rhizosphere soil and crown section of tomato plants were lower in WR-isolate treatments than those in HR-isolate treatments. The best biocontrol effect was achieved by inoculating the strain WR21, followed by WR4, WR42, HR92, HR62, and HR61. Root colonization test showed WR21 had the highest root-colonizing capacity compared with 5 other antagonists. BCEs were positively (r = 0.747) correlated with root-colonizing capacities, but were negatively (r = −0.797) correlated with inhibition zones. In conclusion, the rhizosphere of diseased tomato plants is a good reservoir of biocontrol bacteria. 相似文献