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1.
Pairs of heifers were inoculated IV with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus on postbreeding days (PBD) 7, 14, 21, or 28, and were euthanatized 13 to 15 days after inoculation. Reproductive tracts were examined for cytopathologic changes (light microscopy), virus (cell culture), and viral antigen (immunohistochemical evaluation). Heifers inoculated on PBD 7 or 14 had mild oophoritis characterized by foci of necrosis and mononuclear cell accumulations in the corpus luteum. Most of these heifers also had a few necrotic follicles in at least one ovary. Heifers inoculated on PBD 21 or 28 did not have corpus luteum lesions, but necrotic follicles were numerous in both ovaries. Viral antigen was observed in all ovarian lesions, and infectious virus was isolated from a few of the affected tissues. The uteri of all heifers inoculated on PBD 21 or 28 and 1 heifer inoculated on PBD 7 contained normal-appearing concepti. The uterus of the other PBD 7 heifer contained a degenerating conceptus that was infected with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, as determined by viral isolation, immunohistochemical evaluation, and electron microscopy. Heifers inoculated on PBD 14 were not pregnant at necropsy, but histologic evidence was found that the postbreeding estrous cycle had been longer than normal, indicating that early embryonic death had occurred.  相似文献   

2.
Twelve heifers were exposed to either a Colorado infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus isolate or an Iowa IBR isolate obtained from a bovine respiratory disease outbreak. All inoculations were made on the day after the heifers had been in estrus and bred by an IBR virus-negative bull. Pairs of heifers were inoculated with each virus isolate intravenously, intramuscularly or exposed by aerosol. The heifers were killed 11-15 days after inoculation and their reproductive tracts and ovaries subjected to virological and pathological study. Virus was isolated from the ovaries of all 4 heifers inoculated intravenously and from 3 of the 4 heifers inoculated intramuscularly, but not from the ovaries of heifers exposed by aerosol. Virus isolations and lesions were, with only 1 exception, confined to the ovary containing the corpus luteum. In ovaries from which IBR virus was isolated, lesions in the corpus luteum ranged from focal necrosis and infiltration of mononuclear cells to diffuse hemorrhage and necrosis. Most of these ovaries also had necrotic follicles and a diffuse mononuclear cell accumulation in the stroma. Lesions were not found in ovaries from which IBR virus was not isolated. It was concluded that lesions are readily induced in the ovaries of post-estrus heifers as a result of hematogenous spread of IBR virus and suggest that the differences in lesion development observed with the 3 routes are related to whether or not a viremia occurred.  相似文献   

3.
Four commercially available vaccine strains of modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus were passaged once in embryonic bovine kidney cells. Heifers were inoculated IV on the day after breeding with 5.0 ml of nondiluted cell culture fluid of each of the 4 strains. Virus was reisolated from nasal swabs and blood collected during the week after inoculation. The heifers were killed 9 to 14 days after inoculation. Mild-to-marked inflammatory and necrotic lesions were seen in the corpora lutea and ovaries of the heifers. The lesions were similar to, and almost as severe as, those resulting from the inoculation of virulent strains of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. Adrenal lesions were also found in all heifers examined. Virus was reisolated from the ovaries of only 4 of the 8 heifers. However, virus was confirmed in the ovaries of all 8 heifers, using immunofluorescent or ultrastructural studies. Heifers with severe luteal damage had abnormally low plasma progesterone concentrations.  相似文献   

4.
Twenty-two Hereford heifers were injected IM with prostaglandin F2 alpha a, 11 days apart to synchronize estrous cycles. Twelve of 14 heifers that had signs of estrus were inoculated IV with 1 of 3 modified-live infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus vaccines, and 2 were assigned to a nonvaccinated control group. Also, 6 of the 8 anestrous heifers were inoculated IV with 1 of the 3 vaccines on the fourth day after the last prostaglandin injection and the other 2 were assigned to the nonvaccinated group. Vaccine virus was isolated from the blood and nasal and vaginal secretions from the vaccinated heifers on postvaccination days 4, 7, and 9. On postvaccination day 9, all heifers were ovariectomized and ovarian tissues were processed for virus isolation and histologic examination. Vaccine virus was isolation and histologic examination. Vaccine virus was isolated from ovarian tissues of some heifers in each of the vaccine groups. Necrotic oophoritis characterized by multifocal areas of ovarian tissue necrosis, hemorrhage, and mononuclear lymphocytic infiltration was observed. The corpora lutea and surrounding ovarian tissues taken from vaccinated heifers in each group had varying amounts of necrotic and inflammatory change, but the changes appeared to be more severe in 1 group than in the other 2. Virus also was isolated from 2 of the controls; these heifers apparently became infected with vaccine virus that had been excreted from the vaccinated animals.  相似文献   

5.
Nine pregnant heifers were inoculated intravenously with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV) in the sixth month of pregnancy. Tissues were collected from the fetus of a heifer killed 13 days postinoculation (PI), from fetuses of 6 heifers that aborted 16-27 days PI, and from mummified fetuses of 2 heifers that aborted 53 and 85 days PI, respectively. Control tissues were obtained from the fetus of a non-inoculated heifer that was killed in the seventh month of gestation. Tissues were fixed in 10% formalin, embedded in paraffin, and examined for viral antigen by immunohistochemistry, using biotinylated second antibody and alkaline phosphatase-labeled avidin-biotin complex. Antigen was detected in at least 1 tissue from the fetus of each inoculated heifer. Positive tissues included lung, liver, spleen, kidney, adrenal, and placenta. In several fetuses, antigen was identified in tissues from which virus was not isolated in cell culture. This appeared to occur when tissues had only a few small foci of infection or when tissues were severely autolyzed. The observation of viral antigen in tissues from mummified fetuses indicates that this technique may be useful in diagnostic laboratories to detect IBRV infection in tissues that are not suitable for virus isolation or for examination by the cryostat tissue section-fluorescent antibody technique.  相似文献   

6.
Twenty-three virgin Holstein heifers received uterine inoculations with ureaplasma and were necropsied one to thirteen days later. Three heifers inoculated intracervically were necropsied on days 3, 5 and 11.

Granular vulvitis was produced on average by 3.6 days in fourteen of sixteen uterine inoculated heifers monitored for four or more days. Two cervically inoculated heifers monitored for over four days also developed granular vulvitis by the fourth day.

At necropsy, ureaplasma was recovered from 94% of uterine horn cultures for the first four days postinoculation and 50% during days 5 to 7. Thereafter all uterine cultures were negative. The percentage of positive ureaplasma recoveries from uterine tube flushings was lower than for uterine horns but remained positive for a longer period. By day 7, three of four uterine tube flushings were still positive. No bacterial pathogens were isolated from the uterine horns or uterine tube flushings.

On histopathology 50% of uterine inoculated heifers had endometritis up to six days postinoculation and a slightly higher percentage (58%) had salpingitis. Endometritis was not found in any heifers after day 6. Residual salpingitis was present in one heifer on day 7. Endometritis was present in cervically inoculated heifers necropsied on days 3 and 5 but not on day 11. Salpingitis was not found in any of the three cervically inoculated animals.

The study concluded that some strains of ureaplasma are pathogenic for the upper reproductive tract of the cow and should be considered significant when isolated from cases of granular vulvitis, endometritis or salpingitis.

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7.
Mastitis was produced in three first calf heifers by inoculation of the udder with the virus of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis. These animals were killed at different times during the course of the disease and tissues were harvested and examined histologically. The basic lesion resulted from the necrotizing effect of the virus upon the epithelial cells of the alveoli and ducts. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were demonstrated in tissues from animals killed at three and six days postinoculation, but not at nine days. Of interest was the presence of a large Reed-Sternberglike cell in tissues of the last two animals killed.  相似文献   

8.
Experimental infection of eastern cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus floridanus) with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus caused acute keratoconjunctivitis and a fatal systemic infection. The clinical syndrome was characterized initially by blepharospasm and ocular discharge. The rabbits were markedly depressed on post-exposure day (PED) 5 and were dead or moribund on PED 6. The virus was readily recovered from liver and adrenal gland tissue on PED 6 and from conjunctival swabs on PED 1 to 6. Histopathologic studies revealed a few necrotic foci in the liver and multiple focal to diffuse necrosis of the adrenal glands. Viral isolation and immunofluorescence tests were used to demonstrate a direct association between infectious bovine rhinotracheitis viral antigens and the lesions.  相似文献   

9.
Six heifers were inoculated IV at estrus with the Iowa or Colorado isolates of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV). Subsequent measurements of plasma progesterone indicated that corpus luteum function was depressed in all heifers. In the 1st estrous cycle after inoculation, progesterone values did not exceed 2 ng/ml in 3 heifers given the Iowa isolate. Although maximal progesterone values were greater than or equal to 2 ng/ml in 3 heifers given the Colorado isolate, values were lower than those in later cycles. Five heifers had maximal diestrual progesterone values greater than or equal to 5 ng/ml within 5 weeks after inoculation, but in the 6th heifer, this amount of progesterone was not present until 8 weeks after inoculation. Three to 5 months after inoculation, all heifers were given 5 daily injections of dexamethasone, 2 heifers each during metestrus, diestrus, or proestrus. Subsequent recrudescence of IBRV was demonstrated in all heifers by the isolation of virus from vaginal or nasal swab samples. The heifers were killed 10 to 17 days after initiation of dexamethasone treatment and their reproductive organs were examined for lesions and IBRV. Lesions were not seen, and IBRV was isolated only from the corpus luteum of a heifer given dexamethasone during diestrus.  相似文献   

10.
Heifers were inoculated IV with 1 of 4 modified-live bovine herpesvirus-1 vaccinal strains against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (2 heifers/strain) on postbreeding day (PBD) 14. The effect of infection on fertility was monitored by plasma progesterone assay at 1- to 3-day intervals from the time of virus exposure until PBD 60. Infertility was detected in 4 of 8 inoculated heifers. In 2 heifers, progesterone concentrations decreased to values indicative of estrus within 10 days after inoculation (PBD 24). The 2 other heifers had evidence of embryonic death on PBD 40 and 42. Two control heifers inoculated with culture medium from noninfected cells maintained their pregnancies.  相似文献   

11.
A 3-year-old, 920 g intact female guinea pig presented with a 4-month history of nonpruritic hair loss on the ventral abdomen. The physical examination revealed flank and ventral abdominal alopecia, mucoid vulvar discharge, and abdominal distension. Bilateral rounded masses just caudal to the kidneys and structures consistent with enlarged uterine horns were detected on abdominal palpation. Abdominal ultrasound revealed bilateral ovarian cysts, thickened uterine horns, and multiple circular hypoechoic and anechoic structures in the uterine wall. The patient underwent ovariohysterectomy. Gross examination of the uterus revealed a piece of hay in the left uterine horn. A final diagnosis was hormonally active ovarian follicular cysts, cystic endometrial hyperplasia, and purulent bacterial endometritis caused by Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Arthrobacter spp. Cystic endometrial hyperplasia is infrequently reported in guinea pigs, and this report describes an associated bacterial endometritis and uterine foreign body with concurrent ovarian cysts.  相似文献   

12.
A slot blot hybridization technique was applied for detection of bluetongue virus (BTV) in blood mononuclear cells (BMNC) obtained from cattle with experimentally induced infection. This technique lacked sensitivity to detect the viral nucleic acid directly in clinical specimens. When aliquots of mononuclear cells from these cattle were cultivated in vitro for 10 days to amplify virus titer, only 33.3% of the samples collected during viremia gave a positive signal in the slot blot hybridization format. By contrast, results for 34.3% of noncultured and 63.3% of cultured mononuclear cell samples collected during viremia were positive by immunofluorescence. The average number of infected cells, as detected by immunofluorescence in the noncultured mononuclear cell samples, was 1 to 5/300,000, and was usually > 10/300,000 in the cultured cell samples. Virus was isolated from all postinoculation blood samples obtained from 4 heifers that were seronegative at the time of inoculation, but was not isolated from any of the preinoculation samples, or from any of the postinoculation samples obtained from 2 heifers that were seropositive at the time of inoculation. When virus isolation was attempted from separated mononuclear cells in 2 heifers, 43.7% of the noncultured and 87.5% of the cultured samples had positive results.  相似文献   

13.
Sixteen pregnant cows were challenged with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus intranasally. One had a mummified fetus, four aborted, one calf was stillborn, two live fetuses were taken at the abattoir and eight calves were born alive. Of the eight born alive, five were dead by 12 days of age. Four of these had the usual lesions of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis as well as lesions in the intestine and peritoneum and two of the four had a fibrinous pneumonia thought to be caused by aspiration of milk. The lesions, results of virus isolation and fluorescent antibody testing are recorded in these four calves. Attention is drawn to the intestinal lesions, the peritonitis and fibrinous pneumonia and the ease with which the underlying infectious bovine rhinotracheitis infection may be overlooked.  相似文献   

14.
Eighteen ewes were experimentally infected with ovine progressive pneumonia virus and their mammary glands were examined for lesions and virus at 2.5 to 10 years postinoculation. Lesions were seen in 14 of 18 sheep; virus was isolated from 4 of 8 sheep. Lesion consisted of an interstitial accumulation of lymphocytes with periductal lymphoid nodules, and epithelial vacuolation and necrosis at the site of the lymphoid nodules.  相似文献   

15.
The pathogenesis of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus (bovine herpesvirus-1) was studied in porcine fetuses after in utero inoculation. Laparotomies were performed on 8 seronegative pregnant sows at 34 to 86 days of gestation, and all fetuses in 1 uterine horn of each sow were exposed to IBR virus via inoculation into the amniotic sacs. Fetuses in the other horn served as controls. Clinical signs of infection were not observed in the sows, except for 2 sows that aborted at postinoculation days (PID) 11 and 15. Fetuses of the remaining 6 sows were collected at slaughter on PID 15 to 28. Fetuses were examined for gross abnormalities, presence of IBR virus in tissues, and the formation of neutralizing antibodies to IBR virus. Of 33 inoculated fetuses from 6 sows, 10 were mummified, 11 were hemorrhagic and/or edematous, and 12 were alive. Necrotic lesions were observed on the skin and in the liver of dead and live fetuses. Virus was recovered from 29 of 33 inoculated fetuses. Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus was isolated from fetal skin, liver, lungs, kidney, spleen, stomach contents, brain, amniotic fluid, and placenta. Virus was isolated from 4 of 11 fetuses recovered from 1 aborting sow. Antibodies to IBR virus were not detected in sera from the sows. However, antibodies were detected in 6 of 15 fetuses inoculated at 63 to 86 days of gestation and collected at slaughter at 86 to 112 days of gestation. The youngest fetus with detectable IBR antibody was estimated to be 74 days of gestation by measuring crown-rump length of the fetus.  相似文献   

16.
One or both eyes of 20 calves were inoculated one or more time with variou(s combinations of microorganism (live oor killed Moraxella bovis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine adenovirus, bovine parainfluenza-3 virus and Mycoplasma bovoculi) by conjunctival instillation or direct inoculation of the conjunctivea or cornea. The eyes of all the calves received natural or artificial ultraviolet irradiation. Neither the adenovirus nor parainfluenza-3 virus became established in the eye or produced keratoconjunctivitis. Both M. bovis and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus became established in the bovine eye and produced disease. Subconjunctival or intracorneal inoculation of M. bovis caused a severe disease, simulating natural infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. Only the intracorneal inoculation of mycoplasma produced severe keratoconjunctivits. Eyes that on initial exposure to M. bovis became severly inflamed were more resistant to a second or third exposure to M. bovis, presumably by enhanced local defence mechanisms.  相似文献   

17.
Concurrent bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) and systemic infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) are reported from two neonatal (11 and 15 days old) calves. The diseases occurred sporadically in a large-scale herd which may have been due to the calves' heterogeneous immunobiological status. Gross pathological and histopathological examinations revealed focal interstitial pneumonia with acidophilic intranuclear inclusions in the alveolar epithelial cells and necrotic foci in the liver with a few intranuclear inclusions in the hepatocytes. There were subserous haemorrhages in the forestomachs and intestine, necrotic changes in the rumen, enteritis, lymphocytic necrosis in the Peyer's patches, and fibrinoid necrosis in the wall of some of the neighbouring blood vessels. BVD virus was demonstrated by immunofluorescence (IF), whereas IBR virus by electron microscopy, immunofluorescence and virus isolation.  相似文献   

18.
The DB2 calf strain of bovine coronavirus (BCV) was used to inoculate 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) turkey poults in three trials. In all trials, the birds developed clinical signs of enteritis at 48-72 hr postinoculation. Birds euthanatized at 3, 5, and 7 days postinoculation (DPI) had flaccid, pale intestines with watery contents, and the ceca were markedly enlarged with frothy contents. Coronavirus particles were detected by immune electron microscopy with BCV antibodies from the intestinal contents of birds killed at 3, 5, 7, and 12 DPI. Body weights of inoculated poults killed at 3, 5, and 7 DPI were significantly reduced as compared with controls. Hemagglutinating antibodies were detected in sera of convalescent birds at 12 DPI. However, experimental inoculation of 1-day-old SPF chicks in two trials with the same virus resulted in no clinical signs or macroscopic or microscopic lesions. No coronaviruses were detected from intestinal contents, and there were no significant differences in body weights of inoculated and noninoculated control chicks.  相似文献   

19.
Reactivation of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus by transport   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Transport was studied as a cause of reactivation of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (Bovine herpesvirus-1; BHV-1) in heifers vaccinated 2-6 months before transport, using a double dose of the thermosensitive (ts) vaccine strain (Tracherine). Eight out of 19 animals showed ts strain re-excretion over a period of 1-3 days, beginning, in 5 out of the 8 heifers, the day after transport. In 14 other heifers, only sera were examined by sero-neutralisation: only 1 out of these 14 animals showed a rise in BHV-1 neutralising antibodies. Transport can therefore be considered as a stimulus of BHV-1 reactivation.  相似文献   

20.
Replacement heifers (N=799; 10 to 13 months of age) were vaccinated with Vista 5 L5 SQ (Intervet; a reconstituted vaccine-bacterin product containing modified-live cultures of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis [IBR] virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus [BVDV; types 1 and 2], parainfluenza-3 virus, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus and inactivated cultures of Leptospira serovars canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae, and pomona with a proprietary adjuvant) at either 40 plus/minus 5 days (control; n=399) or 3 days (test; n=400) before peak breeding day. By 40 plus/minus 5 days before peak breeding day, heifers in both groups had greater average titers to IBR, BVDV types 1 and 2, and four of the five Leptospira antigens assessed as compared with prevaccination titers on day -90 plus/minus 25 days. Conception rates were not affected by treatment. This study suggests that conception rates will not differ between heifers vaccinated with Vista 5 L5 SQ 3 days before breeding and those vaccinated approximately 40 days before breeding.  相似文献   

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