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1.
实用饲料对养殖草鱼体组织脂肪酸组成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究生产一线所使用的实用饲料对养殖草鱼体组织脂肪酸组成的影响，试验对两种草鱼育成期商品饲料（CY1和CY2）及该饲料饲喂草鱼的肝胰脏、腹腔脂肪组织、肾脏、肠道、脾脏、肌肉、鳃、眼、脑9种组织的脂肪酸组成进行了检测和分析。结果显示，CY1和CY2饲料亚油酸（LA）含量分别为35.13%和35.07%，亚麻酸（LNA）含量分别为4.93%和9.01%，花生四烯酸（ARA）含量分别为1.10%和10.88%，n-3高不饱和脂肪酸（HUFA）含量分别为2.12%和0.80%。饲料与组织脂肪酸组成相关性分析显示，腹腔脂肪组织和肠道组织的脂肪酸组成与饲料脂肪酸组成相关系数最高，脑组织最低。为了判明脂肪酸的组织沉积特征，对组织重要脂肪酸含量与饲料相应脂肪酸含量的比值进行散点分析，发现脂肪酸离散程度由高到低依次为HU-FA、LA和LNA、饱和脂肪酸（SFA）和单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）。组织及饲料SFA、MUFA、HUFA比值大于1，LA、LNA比值小于1。不同组织器官相比较，腹腔脂肪组织的SFA、HUFA比值最低， MUFA、LA、LNA比值较高；相反，在脑组织中，HUFA比值较高，而LA、LNA比值最低。研究表明，两种商品饲料LNA的添加水平较低，LA的添加水平较高。鱼体组织的脂肪酸组成基本反映了饲料脂肪酸组成，但脂肪酸的组织沉积模式存在差异，分析可能与不同类型脂肪酸的利用与转化特点不同有关。建议生产中有针对性地选择饲料油脂，以满足草鱼生长及维护健康状态的脂肪酸需求。 相似文献
2.
高其栋 《青海畜牧兽医杂志》1990,(3)
野吕明弘等用气相色谱法研究了奶牛高能量饲料饲喂群(50头)、低能量饲料饲喂群(20头)、正常饲料饲喂群(50头)、放牧青草育成牛群(20头)和皱胃变位牛(10头)的瘤胃内高级脂肪酸组成。结果表明:采食后饱和脂肪酸(硬脂酸)含量减少,非饱和脂肪酸(油酸、亚油酸)含量增加;但到采食后3小时,饱和脂肪酸含量增加,恢复到采食前的状态。这时采样分析瘤胃内高级脂肪酸的结果不会受采食的影响。不同饲喂条件牛的瘤胃内高级脂肪酸的组成如表。高能量饲料饲喂群、低能量饲料饲喂群的亚 相似文献
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4.
《饲料研究》2016,(6)
研究不同饲料脂肪水平对芙蓉鲤鲫的形体指标、组织脂肪含量及脂肪酸组成的影响。试验以鱼油为主要脂肪源配制饲料,脂肪水平分别为2.50%、4.39%、6.61%、8.42%和10.81%的5种饲料,饲养初始均质量为2.04 g的芙蓉鲤鲫60 d。试验在室内循环水养殖系统中进行,每种饲料3个重复,每重复随机放养30尾芙蓉鲤鲫。结果表明:饲料脂肪水平最低组试验鱼肥满度最低,差异显著(P0.05);芙蓉鲤鲫脏体比和肝体比均随着饲料脂肪水平的上升呈现先降低后升高的趋势,差异显著(P0.05);随着饲料脂肪含量的增加,芙蓉鲤鲫全鱼和肌肉脂肪含量显著升高(P0.05);饲料脂肪水平越高,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)和∑n-3 PUFA在总脂肪酸中的比例越高,∑n-3/∑n-6系数越高。鱼体肌肉脂肪酸组成与饲料的脂肪酸组成显著相关。 相似文献
5.
不同脂肪源对红罗非鱼稚鱼生长及肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《饲料工业》2017,(4):29-35
为研究不同脂肪源对红罗非鱼稚鱼生长及肌肉脂肪酸组成的影响,在基础饲料中分别添加4%的猪油(1组)、豆油(2组)、豆油-鱼油混合物(3组)及鱼油(4组),配制成软颗粒饲料,饲喂红罗非鱼稚鱼60 d,不设对照组。结果表明:12组、3组红罗非鱼稚鱼的末均体重和增重率显著高于1组(P0.05),1组饲料系数显著高于其他三组(P0.05),肥满度显著低于其他三组(P0.05),2组鱼体的生长性能最好;2各组红罗非鱼稚鱼肌肉组织中的脂肪酸组成分别与相应组饲料的脂肪酸组成有明显的相关性,其中1组鱼体与饲料之间脂肪酸组成的相关性最大;3红罗非鱼稚鱼肌肉脂肪酸组成和饲料脂肪酸组成之间也有一定的差异性,鱼体肌肉中的大类脂肪酸(如SFA、MUFA等)的相对含量高于相应饲料,而C182n6、C183n3及EPA的相对含量均比饲料中的低很多,肌肉DHA的含量比饲料高很多;42、3组鱼体肌肉中富含C182n6和C183n3,尤其是C182n6相对含量高达14.49%~21.75%,显著高于1、4组(P0.05),3、4组红罗非鱼稚鱼肌肉中则富含EPA及DHA,生长性能较好的2、3组鱼其n-3/n-6为0.19~0.74。试验表明,豆油组红罗非鱼稚鱼生长性能最好,3、4组红罗非鱼稚鱼肌肉中富含HUFA。 相似文献
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选择15日龄公番鸭180只,随机分为试验和对照组2组,每组6个重复,每个重复15只。对照组饲喂常规饲料,试验组饲喂添加10%发酵花生秧的常规饲料。试验期结束后取番鸭胸肌肉,测定其氨基酸和脂肪酸含量。结果显示:对照组和花生秧组的氨基酸和脂肪酸的含量差异不显著(P0.05)。由此可见,在饲料中添加10%的发酵花生秧,不影响肌肉氨基酸和脂肪酸,实现了花生秧的资源化利用,节省了养殖成本。 相似文献
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脂肪酸作为饲料脂肪的主要营养成分,其不仅影响着动物对饲料的利用效率,同时影响着动物产品中的脂肪酸组成。当动物采食一定量的多不饱和脂肪酸时,其产出的肉、蛋、奶中多不饱和脂肪酸含量随之提高。该文综述了饲料中多不饱和脂肪酸在猪生产中的应用研究。 相似文献
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蛋白质和脂肪是机体代谢过程中重要的能量物质,也是人类食物重要的风味前体物质。机体通过酶、激素和信号分子的表达水平来调节物质代谢。不同性别动物肝组织脂肪酸含量和组成有所不同。肝和肌肉脂肪酸组成反映饲料脂肪酸组成。脂肪酸合成酶和激素敏感性脂肪酶是脂肪合成和分解的关键酶,生长激素/胰岛素样生长因子-I生长轴是动物体内重要的合成代谢调节系统,机体在细胞水平上通过雷帕霉素靶蛋白和氨基酸应答信号通路感知食物中的氨基酸含量、丰度和平衡性。核酸、蛋白质和脂肪的代谢产物肌苷酸、游离氨基酸和挥发性物质是肉品代表性风味物质。动物性别、饲料和饲喂模式等通过一系列生理途径影响营养物质的沉积和代谢,也影响肉品的滋味和风味。 相似文献
9.
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2017,(16)
为研究复合微生物配合饲料对鱼肉中氨基酸与脂肪酸组成及含量的影响,试验选择健康、平均体重100 g的鲢鱼60尾,随机分为3组,每组设2个重复,每个重复10尾,分别采用3种鱼饲料在相同环境下进行饲养试验。1组饲喂复合微生物配合饲料,2组、3组分别饲喂鲢鱼育成配合饲料、鲢鱼专用粮。利用氨基酸分析仪和气相色谱法对肉样中的氨基酸和脂肪酸的组成及含量进行测定。结果表明:3种不同饲料对鲢鱼鱼肉中的氨基酸组成未产生显著性的影响(P0.05),但对其必需氨基酸(EAA)及非必需氨基酸(NEAA)含量影响显著(P0.05);1组鱼肉的氨基酸总量(TAA)最高,与2组之间差异极显著(P0.01),与3组之间差异显著(P0.05);3种不同饲料对鱼肉中脂肪酸的组成无显著影响(P0.05),但对其含量影响极显著(P0.01)。说明饲喂复合微生物配合饲料的鲢鱼营养价值高,肉质更优良。 相似文献
10.
《中国畜牧杂志》2017,(6)
本试验旨在研究育肥鸭饲料脂肪酸组成,采集8个企业的育肥鸭料,每个企业随机采集6个样品,测定粗脂肪和脂肪酸。结果表明:8个企业的育肥鸭饲料使用种类不同的油脂,饲料中粗脂肪和脂肪酸含量差异显著(P0.05),粗脂肪含量在3.54%~6.84%;亚油酸和亚麻酸含量差异显著(P0.05),分别为41.22%~54.37%、1.29%~4.07%;ω-6/ω-3在12.07~36.19(P0.05);各样品的不饱和脂肪酸(UFA,U)和饱和脂肪酸(SFA,S)含量差异显著(P0.05),分别为71.48%~82.59%、17.55%~28.29%;U/S(2.52~4.68)差异显著;育肥鸭耗料增重比差异显著(P0.05)。由此可见,企业育肥鸭饲料中含有较多的ω-6 PUFA,ω-3 PUFA含量较少,且ω-6/ω-3 PUFA比例差异极显著,UFA是SFA的2~5倍,显然饲料中脂肪酸组成有明显的差异。 相似文献
11.
共轭亚油酸(CLA)是一类重要的营养物质,具有多种生物学功能。大量研究表明,动物饲粮中添加共轭亚油酸可改善饲料利用率,提高动物产品品质,并可调节动物的免疫机能。本文综述了近年来CLA在分子水平作用机制的研究进展,主要阐述了CLA对动物脂类代谢有关基因表达的调节作用及相关转录因子、信号传导和细胞凋亡的影响,并探讨了未来CLA在动物营养学上的研究和发展方向。 相似文献
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To gain insights into the regulation of fat synthesis, we have investigated the effect of cold environmental exposure and feed restriction of sheep on activity and immunodetectable protein content of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase in adipose tissue. Subcutaneous and mesenteric adipose tissues were collected at slaughter from sheep exposed to either cold (0+/-2 degrees C) or warm (23+/-2 degrees C) environment, and given either ad libitum or restricted access to feed for three 5-wk periods. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase was isolated from frozen adipose tissue samples and activity determined as the rate of incorporation of H14CO3- into acid stable malonyl-CoA. Cold exposure and feed restriction reduced (P < .05) ACC activity in the two adipose tissue depots. Western blot analysis with peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin showed that both adipose tissue depots express a single isoform of ACC. In s.c. adipose tissue, cold exposure increased (P < .05) ACC protein abundance, which is opposite to the change in activity. However, feed restriction reduced immunodetectable ACC protein. There was no significant effect of environment or feeding level on ACC protein abundance in mesenteric tissue. Fatty acid synthase activity determined in ammonium sulfate extract by measuring the malonyl-CoA- and acetyl-CoA-dependent oxidation of NADPH was decreased (P < .05) by feed restriction in both s.c. and mesenteric tissues. Cold exposure reduced fatty acid synthase activity in s.c. but not in mesenteric tissue. There was no effect of environment on fatty acid synthase protein abundance in either adipose tissue depot. However, feed restriction significantly reduced fatty acid synthase protein abundance in the two depots. The data suggest that feed restriction and exposure of ruminants to cold environmental conditions may significantly down-regulate the activity of key lipogenic enzymes. 相似文献
13.
Martin R. Weisbjerg Christian F. Børsting Torben Hvelplund 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Sciences》2013,63(2):106-114
Abstract Long-chain fatty acid metabolism in the digestive tract was studied in lactating cows fed at two levels of dry matter intake (L, 8.6 kg DM and H, 12.6 kg DM), with 0, 4 and 6% added tallow at low feed level (L0, L4 and L6), and 0, 2, 4 and 6% fat at high feed level (H0, H2, H4 and H6). Mean fatty acid balance from mouth to duodenum was about zero when corrected for endogenous fatty acids from bile. However, regression analysis showed a microbial synthesis of 68 g at zero fatty acid intake, and a trend which indicated declining de novo synthesis of fatty acids with increasing fat level in the diet. As a mean 68% of the unsaturated C18 fatty acids were hydrogenated in the rumen. Fatty acid and crude fat true digestibilities decreased with increasing fat intakes owing to a decrease in stearic acid (C18:0) digestibility. 相似文献
14.
Junfeng Lu Qichun Han Shaoying Wang Zhaolu Wang Xiao Li Jianhong Hu Gongshe Yang Lei Wang Xin’e Shi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(4):693-698
The fermented feed has been identified as a potential alternative to antibiotics in feeds that markedly affects gut health and growth performance of pigs. Two recent studies performed in our laboratory investigated that the fermented corn–soybean meal (fermented feed, FF) improved the gut health of pigs. This study was conducted to determine the effect of a FF on the carcass, meat quality, muscle fatty acids profile, muscle amino acid and antioxidant ability of grower-finisher pigs. In this study, a total of 48 crossbred barrows (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) were randomly divided into 2 treatments with unfermented corn–soybean diet (Ctrl) and FF diet. Compared with control pigs fed a standard diet, the results showed that FF significantly increased the muscle colour of redness and significantly reduced muscle moisture loss rate. Furthermore, FF significantly increased the content of aromatic amino acids such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid and alanine. More importantly, FF increased monounsaturated fatty acid and polyunsaturated fatty acid content. Collectively, FF could be a promising feed strategy in improving meat quality and nutritional value in grower-finisher pig. 相似文献
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In an experiment with wethers we investigated the effect of complete pelleted feed ration on the concentration of volatile fatty acids in the rumen and intestinal tract. The animals consumed daily 1,300 g of dry matter of a diet which contained 41.81% of meadow hay, 25.28% of barley, 15.37% of sawdust, 14.98% of molasses, 1.32% of urea and 1.24% of a vitamin-mineral supplement for a period of six months. The pelleted diet increased the total amount of volatile fatty acids, the content of propionic acid and especially the content of butyric acid. There appeared a decrease in the ratio of acetate: propionate. On the basis of the greater energy efficiency of the volatile fatty acid production the animals fed pelleted feed showed a better energy balance. A higher VFA concentration was determined also in the large intestine and the cecum, which proves the importance of fermentation porcesses in these organs. 相似文献
17.
试验旨在研究基础日粮中添加胡麻油和苹果酸对延边黄牛瘤胃脂肪酸代谢及日粮养分降解率的影响。选用4头平均体重为（350±15）kg、安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的延边黄牛,釆用4×4拉丁方设计,设1个对照组、3个试验组：对照组（CON组）饲喂基础日粮,LO组饲喂基础日粮+475 g/d胡麻油;LOM组饲喂基础日粮+475 g/d胡麻油+160 g/d苹果酸;LOMS组饲喂基础日粮+475 g/d胡麻油+160 g/d苹果酸+47.5 g/d小苏打（NaHCO3）。在正试期第3、4天采集瘤胃液测定其脂肪酸含量,在正试期第5、6天采用尼龙袋法测定饲料在瘤胃内的降解率。结果显示：除了饲喂后6 h瘤胃t11-C18：1含量外,3个试验组在各个时间点的瘤胃各脂肪酸含量均显著高于CON组（P<0.05）,且3个试验组间无显著差异（P>0.05）;与CON组相比,LO组瘤胃DM、OM、CP及NDF的降解率均有所降低,但LOM和LOMS组瘤胃DM、OM、CP及NDF的降解率均有一定程度提高。综合以上结果,日粮中单独或同时添加胡麻油、苹果酸均有利于提高延边黄牛瘤胃液中的脂肪酸含量;日粮中单独添加胡麻油会降低日粮养分在瘤胃中的降解率,而同时添加胡麻油和苹果酸在一定程度上可提高日粮养分在瘤胃中的降解率。 相似文献
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This experiment was conducted to study the impact of adding linseed oil and malic acid on rumen fatty acid metabolism and feed degradation rate in Yanbian Yellow cattle. 4 Yanbian Yellow cattle weighted (350±15) kg, and fitted with permanent rumen fistula were used as 4×4 Latin square design. The cattle in control group (CON group) were fed basal diet, in LO group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 475 g/d linseed oil, in LOM group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 475 g/d linseed oil and 160 g/d malic acid, in LOMS group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 475 g/d sesame oil, 160 g/d malic acid and 47.5 g/d NaHCO3. In the third and fourth day during the test period, rumen fluid was collected and measured for fatty acids. In the fifth and sixth day, nylon bag method was adopted to determine the feed degradation rate in the rumen. The results showed that the contents of the rumen fatty acids in three experimental groups were significantly higher than those in the CON group (P<0.05), excepted the contents of t11-C18:1 at 6 h. Compared with CON group, the rumen degradation rates of DM, OM, CP and NDF in LO group were all reduced. Compared with LO group, degradation rates of DM, OM, CP and NDF in LOM and LOMS groups were improved in a certain extent. The results showed that dietary linseed oil and malic acid would increase the rumen fluid fatty acids in Yanbian Yellow cattle. Linseed Oil had a trend to decline the feed degradation rate in the rumen, but the trend was opposite when combined with malic acid. 相似文献
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试验采用正已烷处理法(S2)和水煮处理法(S3)两种工艺对蚕蛹粉(silkworm pupae meal,SM)进行脱脂处理,以未经任何处理的蚕蛹粉(S1)为对照,通过比较三种蚕蛹粉物理性状、常规营养成分、氨基酸组成及必需氨基酸评分和脂肪酸组成,评价两种处理工艺对蚕蛹品质的影响。结果表明,正己烷处理的蚕蛹粉无臭,无色,容重、粗蛋白、粗灰分含量显著提高(P<0.05),粗脂肪含量显著降低(P<0.05),水煮处理法对蚕蛹粉脱脂和脱色效果甚微(P> 0.05),但有除臭效果。正己烷处理后显著提高了蚕蛹粉氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量(P<0.05),且处理后的蚕蛹粉更接近FAO/ WHO 规定的理想蛋白源标准。正己烷处理显著影响蚕蛹粉脂肪酸组成,其中C18∶0、C18∶2n-6水平较其他两组显著提高(P<0.05),C18∶3n-3水平显著降低(P<0.05),C18∶1n-9水平显著低于对照组(S1),但与水煮法组(S3)差异不显著。综上所述,正已烷脱脂不但操作简便,费用低廉,且可以达到除臭、脱色、脱脂、生产优质蚕蛹蛋白粉应用于饲料工业中的目的。 相似文献