共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 515 毫秒
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对西北地区96种植物的粗提物杀蚊幼活性进行初步筛选,为寻找和开发高效的植物源杀蚊幼剂奠定基础。采用世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐的浸液法测定96种植物样品对淡色库蚊3龄幼虫的毒杀活性。结果表明,花楸、苦马豆的水提取物对淡色库蚊3龄幼虫的毒杀活性最好,处理24 h后,淡色库蚊3龄幼虫的校正死亡率分别为83.33%和73.33%;蛇莓、飞廉的乙醇提取物对淡色库蚊3龄幼虫毒杀效果最好,处理24 h后,对淡色库蚊3龄幼虫的致死中质量浓度（LC50）分别为23.22和76.32 mg/L。因此,花楸、苦马豆、蛇莓、飞廉的杀蚊幼活性具有进一步研究的价值。 相似文献
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用乙醇超声提取法提取茅苍术根茎物质,并进行杀蚊有效活性成分分离,采用幼虫浸渍法测定其对敏感型淡色库蚊、野生型地下家蚊和白纹伊蚊3龄幼虫的活性。结果发现:乙醇粗提物对淡色库蚊、地下家蚊和白纹伊蚊的24h LC_(50)值分别为22.71、36.30、23.51μg/mL。不同溶剂萃取物对白纹伊蚊生物活性测定结果表明,活性成分主要在正己烷相中,其LC_(50)为16.87μg/mL;而乙酸乙酯相和水相成分基本无活性。进一步对正己烷萃取物以硅胶柱层析分离的不同成分进行生物活性测定,活性成分主要为H2和H6;白纹伊蚊3龄幼虫在其25μg/mL质量浓度下24h死亡率均达100%。结果表明茅苍术的杀虫活性成分对敏感型淡色库蚊、野生型地下家蚊和白纹伊蚊的幼虫均具有较强生物活性,具有新型杀蚊剂开发潜力。 相似文献
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42种植物甲醇提取物对白纹伊蚊的杀虫活性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus4龄幼虫为靶标测定了42种植物甲醇提取物(1mg/mL)的杀虫活性.结果表明,蛇足石杉Huperzia serrata、檫木Sassafras tzumu、厚果崖豆藤Millettia pachycarpa及大果邻春木Euptelea pleiospermum处理白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus 4龄幼虫24h后,校正死亡率分别为100%、87.50%、90.00%及86.67%;处理48h后,以上处理校正死亡率几乎达到100%.进一步测定蛇足石杉、檫木、厚果崖豆藤和大果邻春木对白纹伊蚊4龄幼虫24h的毒力,其LC50值分别为48.89、107.59、111.58和118.63μg/mL.可见,蛇足石杉对白纹伊蚊表现出很强的杀虫活性,其杀虫活性成分值得进一步深入研究. 相似文献
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为探明湘西黑藤精油对白纹伊蚊的卵和幼虫、小菜蛾3龄幼虫、菜粉蝶3龄幼虫、斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫、棉蚜和烟蚜无翅成蚜的杀虫活性,通过浸渍法、夹毒叶碟法、点滴法和玻片载蚜法测定了该精油对上述昆虫的生物活性.结果表明,湘西黑藤精油对白纹伊蚊的卵没有毒杀活性,但对其初孵幼虫和4龄幼虫具有较好的毒杀活性,24 h的LC50值分别是11.3 mg/L和38.5 mg/L;在质量浓度为500 mg/L时,精油虽然对3种供试鳞翅目幼虫没有触杀和胃毒活性,但有较弱的拒食活性,24 h的拒食率分别是38.6%,17.1%和6.7%;对棉蚜和桃蚜的毒杀活性也较差,24 h的LC50值分别是213.1 mg/L和235.1 mg/L. 相似文献
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《安徽农业科学》2012,(7)
[目的]筛选博落回根的活性部位.[方法]采用浸渍法,研究了博落回根乙醇粗提取物及其石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水4种萃取物对2、6龄黄粉虫的触杀活性.[结果]随着提取物浓度的升高,黄粉虫的校正死亡率升高,当浓度为100 mg/ml时,乙酸乙酯萃取物对2龄黄粉虫的触杀活性最高,48 h校正死亡率达80.95％,LC50为65.532 9 mg/ml,杀虫活性整体表现为:乙酸乙酯层＞石油醚层=正丁醇层＞总提取物(乙醇)＞水层;乙醇提取物和石油醚萃取物对6龄黄粉虫的触杀活性最高,48 h校正死亡率分别达71.42％和66.67％,LC50分别为83.899 8和86.687 7 mg/ml,杀虫活性整体表现为:总提取物(乙醇)＞石油醚层＞乙酸乙酯层＞正丁醇层＞水层.[结论]博落回根杀虫活性成分主要分布在石油醚和乙酸乙酯所在极性范围内,可对该部位进一步分离、鉴定. 相似文献
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用60%乙醇采用破碎提取法获得苦楝叶、果皮、果肉和夹竹桃叶提取液,用煎煮法获得苦楝根皮提取液;将提取液浓缩成浸膏,并配制成不同浓度对淡色库蚊和棉铃虫幼虫进行生物测试。结果表明各提取液对两种害虫均具有一定的毒杀作用。淡色库蚊的死亡率随处理时间的延长而不断增加,48 h后趋于稳定,苦楝果肉和果皮提取物的毒杀活性最高,LC50分别为0.281 0 mg/mL和0.278 0 mg/mL;苦楝根皮提取物对棉铃虫的毒杀和拒食作用最明显,其LC50为0.187 7 mg/mL。 相似文献
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[目的]筛选博落回根的活性部位。[方法]采用浸渍法,研究了博落回根乙醇粗提取物及其石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水4种萃取物对2、6龄黄粉虫的触杀活性。[结果]随着提取物浓度的升高,黄粉虫的校正死亡率升高,当浓度为100 mg/ml时,乙酸乙酯萃取物对2龄黄粉虫的触杀活性最高,48 h校正死亡率达80.95%,LC50为65.532 9 mg/ml,杀虫活性整体表现为:乙酸乙酯层>石油醚层=正丁醇层>总提取物(乙醇)>水层;乙醇提取物和石油醚萃取物对6龄黄粉虫的触杀活性最高,48 h校正死亡率分别达71.42%和66.67%,LC50分别为83.899 8和86.687 7 mg/ml,杀虫活性整体表现为:总提取物(乙醇)>石油醚层>乙酸乙酯层>正丁醇层>水层。[结论]博落回根杀虫活性成分主要分布在石油醚和乙酸乙酯所在极性范围内,可对该部位进一步分离、鉴定。 相似文献
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[目的]研究链霉菌发酵代谢产物对小瓜虫幼虫和包囊的杀灭活性.[方法]通过不同极性溶剂回流提取链霉菌发酵液,制备粗提物,进行杀灭小瓜虫幼虫和包囊的药效活性试验,并对活性部位进行安全性评价.[结果]链霉菌发酵液的乙酸乙酯和正丁醇提取物体外杀幼虫效果明显高于其他组别,其对小瓜虫幼虫的半数致死浓度分别为48.2和15.5 mg/L,正丁醇提取物浓度为30.0 mg/L时对小瓜虫包囊杀灭率为100％.急性毒性试验结果表明,正丁醇提取物对草鱼的48h半致死浓度为(LC50)为195.0 mg/L,其安全浓度为48.7 mg/L.[结论]链霉菌-XY52代谢产物有望开发为一种比较安全的杀虫候选药物. 相似文献
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采用生物活性跟踪法测定了菌株代号为Km9803的蜡蚧轮枝菌(Verticillium lecanii)在固、液两种培养基代谢产物的不同溶剂提取物及其不同馏分的杀蚜活性.结果表明,Km9803的固体培养基的乙酸乙酯提取物杀虫活性最高,对甘蓝蚜和烟蚜LC50分别达到1349.6和746.4 mg/L.该提取物经硅胶柱层析分离,洗出液合并后收集到12个馏分.测定各馏分对甘蓝蚜的活性,结果表明活性段主要集中在馏分F3,该馏分对甘蓝蚜的毒力LC50为70.57 mg/L. 相似文献
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印楝素对草地贪夜蛾的毒力测定及田间防效 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】评价印楝素对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda的毒力与防效,为草地贪夜蛾的防治提供技术参考。【方法】采用浸叶法与喷雾法测定了印楝素对草地贪夜蛾的室内毒力和田间防治效果。【结果】在室内条件下,0.3%(φ)印楝素乳油处理草地贪夜蛾7 d后,2龄和3龄幼虫的LC50值分别为0.59和0.46 mg/L;40%(w)印楝素干粉处理草地贪夜蛾7 d后,2龄和3龄幼虫的LC_(50)值分别为0.93和0.79 mg/L。0.3%印楝素乳油处理草地贪夜蛾3 d后,2龄和3龄幼虫的AFC50值分别为0.30和0.12 mg/L;40%印楝素干粉处理草地贪夜蛾3 d后,2龄和3龄幼虫的AFC50值分别为0.53和0.30 mg/L。0.3%印楝素乳油稀释500倍喷雾处理后1、3和7 d对草地贪夜蛾的防效分别达到了24.83%、50.34%和75.50%。【结论】印楝素对草地贪夜蛾具有较好的毒杀活性与拒食活性,7 d后的防治效果较好;印楝素对草地贪夜蛾的防治具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
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WANG Xue-gui WEI Xiao-yi HUANG Xing-yan SHEN Li-tao TIAN Yong-qing XU Han-hong 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2011,10(9):1402-1409
Insecticidal activities of the petroleum ether-, chloroform-, ethyl acetate-, and water-soluble fractions of the methanolic extract of Ficus sarmentosa var. henryi were assayed against Musca domestica adults. The chloroform- and ethyl acetate-soluble fractions were the most active with 92.6 and 88.9% mortalities (24 h after treatment) respectively. Therefore, the two fractions were combined and four compounds, isolated from the fractions by activity-guided fractionation, were elucidated as 7-hydroxycoumarin, apigenin, eriodictyol, and quercetin by spectroscopic method and displayed excellent insecticidal activities against adults of M. domestica and 4th instar larva of Aedes albopictus. Among those, 7-hydroxycoumarin showed the strongest insecticidal activities with lethal concentrations (LC50) values of 72.13 μg g−1 sugar and 4.87 μg mL−1 (48 h after treatment) against the test insects respectively. The cytoxicities of these compounds on BTI-Tn-5Bl-4 cell were also investigated for the insecticidal mechanism and found that quercetin represented superior inhibitory activity with MTT assay and reactive oxygen species (ROS) against BTI-Tn-5Bl-4 cell, but slightly weaker than that of the positive control (azadirachtin) and significantly greater than the negative control (DMSO only). Meanwhile, eriodictyol demonstrated the strongest effect on the mitochondrial membrane potentials (MMP). In conclusion, based on their comparative toxicities to commercial insecticides and their cytotoxic effects, some of the compounds from the F. sarmentosa have potential as botanical insecticides. 相似文献
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Study on Active Oxygen Quantum Yield, Insecticidal Activities and Stability of Diphenylthiophene 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
CHEN Xiao-jun XU Han-hong WANG Yu-jian HU Shan ZHANG Zhi-xiang ZHANG Yao-mou 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2007,6(4):458-465
Active oxygen quantum yield, insecticidal activities and stability of diphenylthiophene were studied for the first time. The results showed that maximum diphenylthiophene absorbency variety was 0.438 after irradiation for 280 min and that of α-terthienyl (α-T) was 0.480 after irradiation for 200 min with UV. LC50 values ofdiphenylthiophene and α-T against 3rd instar larvae of Aedes albopictus were 9.18 × 10-3 and 9.69 × 10-4 μg mL-1 when treated for 24 h, respectively. LC50 values of the two chemicals against the 3rd instar larvae of Plutella xylostella were 267.87 and 222.22 μg mL-1 when treated for 24 h, respectively. The half lives of diphenylthiophene and α-T in methanol were 113.62 and 10.65 h. Difference between quantum yield of diphenylthiophene and α-T was not significant and they all possessed high toxicity to Aedes albopictus and Plutella xylostella, but diphenylthiophene was more stable than α-T. It could be concluded that diphenylthiophene has overcome the deficiency of photoactivated insecticides which degraded quickly in the environment and could not be applied on the field. Diphenylthiophene could kill the insects and accelerate the degradation rate of triazophos. The benefits of diphenylthiophene can be further exploited and applied on the field. 相似文献
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【目的】测定印楝素干粉及印楝素A、印楝素B的生物活性,建立印楝素干粉中印楝素含量的检测方法。【方法】采用乙酸乙酯浸提法制备印楝素干粉,HPLC法检测印楝素含量,叶碟法测定生物活性。【结果】处理24 h后,印楝素干粉对斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura 2龄幼虫和大菜粉蝶Pieris brassicae 3龄幼虫的AFC50值分别为0.28和70.71μg·m L~(-1),拒食活性明显高于印楝素A和印楝素B。【结论】该干粉制备方法不仅简单有效,且生物活性良好,具有推广应用价值。 相似文献
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Bing LING Associate Professor Guo-cai WANG Ji YA Mao-xin ZHANG Guang-wen LIANG 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2008,7(12):1466-1473
With the bioguided fractionation of the ethanol extracts from the leaves of Momordica charantia, we obtained two most active compounds against the feeding of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella larvae. The antifeedant activity of momordicine Ⅰ and momordicine Ⅱ against the second and the third instar larvae of Plutella xylostella were tested using leaf discs of cabbage in the laboratory. The results showed that momordicin Ⅰ and momordicin Ⅱ had significant antifeedant activity on the larvae of P. xylostella, and momordicin Ⅱ was more active than momordicin Ⅰ. The concentrations for 50% antifeedant effects （AFC50） of momordicin Ⅱ against the second and the third instar larvae of P. xylostella were 76.69 and 116.24μg mL^-1, whereas that of momordicin I was 144.08 and 168.42μg mL^-1, respectively. In addition, momordicin Ⅰ and momordicin Ⅱ had significant inhibitive effect on the rate of weight gain and survival of P. xylostella larvae. 相似文献
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为研究红蓼(Polygonum orientale L.)的杀虫活性及作用机理,通过萃取、柱层析方法,测定了红蓼提取物对小菜蛾(Plutella xylostella L.)3龄幼虫拒食活性及对其幼虫体内谷胱甘肽S-转移酶、羧酸酯酶、酸性磷酸酯酶、碱性磷酸酯酶系活性的影响.结果表明,乙酸乙酯萃取物比其他4种萃取物具有更高的拒食活性,在5.0 mg/ml的浓度下,24 h和48 h的拒食率分别为68.42%和62.55%.乙酸乙酯萃取物经硅胶柱层析后,得到13个组分,比较13个组分的拒食活性发现,组分8的活性较高,在浓度为2.5 mg/ml时,24 h和48 h的拒食率分别为77.13%和68.53%.同时,组分8对小菜蛾幼虫体内代谢酶存在不同程度的影响:对谷光肝肽-S-转移酶和碱性磷酸酯酶的活性具有明显的抑制作用;对羧酸酯酶和酸性磷酸酯酶的活性有一定激活作用.活性物质主要集中在组分8中,是进一步研究的重点内容. 相似文献
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为明确多孢木霉HZ-31菌株的除草活性物质,对其活性成分进行逐步分离。采用种子萌发法和离体叶片接种法分离最佳活性组分。结果表明,HZ-31菌株发酵滤液活性高于发酵液,发酵滤液对野燕麦和油菜种子萌发抑制率分别为80.00%和91.67%。4种有机溶剂萃取物对7种杂草叶片的致病效果由强到弱表现为:正丁醇相乙酸乙酯相石油醚相氯仿相。4种有机溶剂萃取粗提物在5 mg/mL浓度下对野燕麦和油菜的种子萌发均有强烈的抑制作用,除乙酸乙酯外,其余处理的发芽抑制率为100%。3 mg/mL浓度下正丁醇粗提取物能完全抑制野燕麦和油菜种子的萌发。因此,粗提物活性测定以离体叶片和种子萌发结果为依据,检测HZ-31菌株活性物质最佳有机相,最终确定最佳活性组分在正丁醇相中。 相似文献