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1.
[Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of Takifugu obscurus and provide the scientific basis for artificially feed research.[Method] The nutrient components and nutritive qualities in the muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus were comparatively analyzed.[Result] The contents of crude protein,crude fat,crude ash,total amino acids,essential amino acids and half essential amino acid in the muscle of wild Takifugu obscurus were all higher than those of the artificially reared.The content of four delicious amino acids in the muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus was 17.59% and 14.44%(percentage of dry weight),respectively.The essential amino acid index(EAAI)was 52 and 40 separately,and the constitutional rate of the essential amino acids met the FAO/WHO standard.Valine was the first limiting amino acid of Takifugu obscurus.[Conclusion] The muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus were all high quality food full of animal protein,while the protein nutritive value of wild Takifugu obscurus was higher than that of the artificially reared.  相似文献   

2.
[Objective] The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritive value of Takifugu obscurus and provide the scientific basis for artificially feed research.[Method] The nutrient components and nutritive qualities in the muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus were comparatively analyzed.[Result] The contents of crude protein,crude fat,crude ash,total amino acids,essential amino acids and half essential amino acid in the muscle of wild Takifugu obscurus were all higher than those of the artificially reared.The content of four delicious amino acids in the muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus was 17.59% and 14.44%(percentage of dry weight),respectively.The essential amino acid index(EAAI)was 52 and 40 separately,and the constitutional rate of the essential amino acids met the FAO/WHO standard.Valine was the first limiting amino acid of Takifugu obscurus.[Conclusion] The muscle of wild and artificially reared Takifugu obscurus were all high quality food full of animal protein,while the protein nutritive value of wild Takifugu obscurus was higher than that of the artificially reared.  相似文献   

3.
[Objective] The ratio of flesh content and biochemical compositions in muscles of Pachyhynobius shangchengensis were researched in this experiment to provide basic referrences for studying nutritive physiological ecology of Pachyhynobius shangchengensis.[Method]The biochemical analytic method was used to detect the ratio of flesh content and biochemical compositions in muscle of Pachyhynobius shangchengensis.[Result]The ratio of flesh contents of female and male Pachyhynobius shangchengensis were 54.93% and 55.84% respectively.The contents of protein,total saccharides and fatty acid of female Pachyhynobius shangchengensis were 15.44%,1.70% and 0.68% respectively,while the same contents of male Pachyhynobius shangchengensis were 15.67%,1.89% and 0.53% respectively.The total content of 18 kinds of amino acids was 12.72%(the proportion in fresh weight),among which the content of 8 kinds of essential amino acids was 4.68%.The essential amino acids index(EAAI)was 72.68 and limiting amino acids was valine.There were 11 kinds of fatty acids in muscles of Pachyhynobius shangchengensis,among which the content of unsaturated fatty acids(80.02%)was higher than that of saturated fatty acids(19.98%).[Conclusion] Pachyhynobius shangchengensis was a kind of valuable natural resource belonging to the nutritious type of low fat content and high protein content.  相似文献   

4.
The protein content and amino acid composition for 17 wheat-related species （WRS） and three common wheats （control） were determined and analyzed, and the essential amino acids （EAAs） in WRS were evaluated according to FAO/WHO amino acid recommendations. The results showed that the mean protein content for WRS was 16.67%, which was 23.21% higher than that for the control. The mean contents （g 100 g^-1 protein） of most amino acids for WRS were lysine 2.74%, threonine 2.83%, phenylalanine 4.17%, isoleucine 3.42%, valine 3.90%, histidine 2.81%, glutamic acid 29.96%, proline 9.12%, glycine 3.59%, alanine 3.37%, and cysteine 1.57%, which were higher than those for the control. The contents of the other 6 amino acids for WRS were lower than those for the control. The materials （Triticum monococcum L., Triticum carthlicum Nevski, and Triticum turgidum L.） contained relatively high concentration of the most deficient EAAs （lysine, threonine, and methionine）. Comparing with FAO/WHO amino acid recommendations, the amino acid scores （AAS） of lysine （49.8%）, threonine （70.7%）, and sulfur-containing amino acids （74.8%） were the lowest, which were considered as the main limiting amino acids in WRS. It was observed that the materials with Triticum urartu Turn. （AA） and Aegilops speltoides Tausch. （SS） genomes had relatively high contents of protein and EAA. The contents of protein （16.91%）, phenylalanine （4.78%）, isoleucine （3.53%）, leucine （6.16%）, and valine （4.09%） for the diploid materials were higher than those for the other materials. These results will provide some information for selecting parents in breeding about nutrient quality and utilization of fine gene in wheat.  相似文献   

5.
Twenty castrated male goats, each of Yun-Ling Black goats （YLB goat）, N × YLB hybrid goats （Nubian ♂ ×Yun-Ling Black goats 9） and B × YLB hybrid goats （Boer ♂× Yun-Ling Black goats ♀）, were used to evaluate the effect of crossbreeding on the meat chemical composition in the YLB goats of China. After weaning of 90 days, all the experimental goats were reared on natural pasture when they were slaughtered at an age of 730 days. The longissimus dorsi （LD） and biceps femoris （BF） muscles were sampled from each carcass to determine chemical compositions. Both hybrid goats had higher protein content （P 〈 0.01） and lower fat content （P 〈 0.05） than the YLB goats in the two types of muscle. The inosinic acid contents of LD muscle for the YLB goats and the B × YLB hybrid goats were significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） than that for the N × YLB hybrid goats. The LD muscle from the YLB goats contained higher essential amino acid （P 〈 0.01）, total amino acid （P 〈 0.01）, and some individual amino acid （P 〈 0.05） than those from the hybrid goats. The concentration of unsaturated fatty acid （USFA） of LD muscle from the N × YLB hybrid goats was significantly higher than the other two goat breeds （P〈0.05） but did not differ between the other two goat breeds （P〉0.05）. The YLB goats had significantly higher （P〈0.05） concentrations of oleic acid （C18：1） and linolenic acid （C18：3） of LD muscle than the hybrid goats, had significantly higher （P 〈 0.05） proportion of mono-unsaturated （Sum for C 16：1 and C 18：1） than the B ×YLB hybrid goats, and tended to be higher than the N × YLB hybrid goats （P 〉 0.05）. In contrast, the proportion of poly-unsaturated in the YLB goats was significantly lower （P 〈 0.05） than that in the hybrid goats.  相似文献   

6.
The six antigens of Cysticercus cellulosae: CFag, CSag, CBWag, CWag, UCWag and TSag were prepared respectively. The amino acids of the antigens were determined quantitative by automatic amino acid analyzer. The relationship of original reaction was confirmed between amino acids and antigens. The results showed that there were 17 amino acids among all of the antigens. There were no significant difference (P >0.05) of Asp, Glu, Lys, His in composition of all antigens by data analysis software SPSS. There are also no significant difference ( P ＞ 0.05) in the composition of all amino acids between CSag and CBWag. The composition of Thr, Ser, Tyr, Ved, Pro in UCWag shows significant difference (P ＜ 0.05) with other antigens.The sensitivity and peculiarity of UCWag are higher than that of the others. Pro and Glu show significant linear correspondence with sensitivity and peculiarity of antigens respectively.  相似文献   

7.
Changes in proximate composition, trypsin inhibitor activity, phytic acid, tannins, in vitro protein digestibility and amino acids content of Pearl millet were investigated after germination for 5 days. Germination significantly increased protein content of pearl millet, with a parallel decrease in lipid and carbohydrates. Trypsin inhibitor activity and the phytic acid content showed significant decrease whereas tannin content increased after 5 days germination. In vitro protein digestibility （IVPD） was significantly decreased with germination, suggesting that tannins may be responsible for enzymes inhibition. Amino acid analysis revealed significant increase in essential amino acids and none essential amino acids.  相似文献   

8.
[Objective] This study to aimed to investigate the effects of Cu stress on root exudates and microbial activities in rhizosphere of grafted and ungrafted cucum-ber seedlings, and therefore to elucidate the microbial mechanism of grafting for in-creasing cucumber plants tolerance to Cu stress [Method] Four treatments： （1） un-grafted seedlings ＋ test soil （U0）; （2） ungrafted seedlings ＋ test soil ＋ CuSO4·5H2O （U1）; （3） grafted seedlings ＋ test soil （G0）; （4） grafted seedlings ＋ test soil ＋ Cu-SO4·5H2O （G1） were set in the pot culture experiment. The contents of free amino acids, organic acids, phenolic acid and sugars, microbial population and enzyme ac-tivity in the four treatment were measured, respectively. [Result] The secretion of amino acids and organic acids were increased under Cu stress. The amino acids secretions of grafted seedlings roots were obviously higher than ungrafted seedlings except for Phe and Val. At the same time, the secretion of oxalic acid, malic acid, acetic acid, citric acid, cinnamic acid, ρ-hydroxybenzoic acid and benzoic acid of grafted seedlings were significantly higher than ungrafted seedlings as wel . There-fore, more Cu2＋ were restricted in soil by chelating, complexing and precipitation with root exudates, and its toxicity was decreased. The soil microbial biomass C and N in grafted cucumber rhizosphere were significantly higher than those in ungrafted cu-cumber rhizosphere, whereas basal respiration and metabolic quotient were signifi-cantly lower. Under Cu stress, the numbers of actinomyces and nitrogen fixing bac-teria decreased and the number of fungi increased significantly, whereas there was no significant difference in amounts of bacteria. The numbers of bacteria, actino-myces, and nitrogen fixing bacteria in grafted cucumber rhizosphere were significant-ly higher than those in ungrafted cucumber rhizosphere, but the number of fungi was opposite. The activities of soil urease, phosphatase, sucrase and catalase in grafted cucumber rhizosphere were significantly higher than those in ungrafted cu-cumber rhizosphere. [Conclusion] These indicated that the soil microbial environment and soil enzymes activities were improved by grafting under Cu stress, and as a re-sult, the adaptability of cucumber to Cu stress was improved.  相似文献   

9.
[Objective]The energy productivity potential of Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasm resources as energy plants was discussed in this paper.[Method]The energy productivity potential of Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasm resources collected from the wild was assessed from the aspects of cellulose,semicellulose,lignin and crude ash contents and caloric value.[Result]The total content of cellulose and semicellulose ranged from 41.75%to 69.13%,the lignin content ranged from 2.16%to 11.75%,the crude ash content ranged from 4.79%to 9.34%and the caloric value ranged from 16.00 to 17.69 MJ/kg among the 30 Saccharum spontaneum L.germplasms.Compared to other plants,Saccharum spontaneum L.had higher contents of cellulose and semicellulose,a higher caloric value but lower contents of lignin and crude ash.[Conclusion]From the perspective of producing fuel ethanol with lignocellulose,Saccharum spontaneum L.has a great potential for development as an energy plant.  相似文献   

10.
The effect of three amino acids on the growth of flue-cured tobacco was studied with water culture. The results showed that the three amino acids improved the growth of flue-cured tobacco and increased the contents of chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b and carotenoid in tobacco. At the same time, the activities of NR (nitrate reductase), INV(invertase) and root growth activity were also significantly enhanced. The exogenous glutamic, aspartate and phenylalanine all increased the amino acid contents of tobacco leaves. Of these three amino acids, glutamic had the greatest effect, the next was aspartate,and phenylalanine had the least effect. These three amino acids all had significantly increased the accumulation of amino acids in the leaves of individual plants of tobacco; and the magnitude of accumulation indicated aspartate＞glutamic＞phenylalanine.  相似文献   

11.
野生及人工养殖暗纹东方肌肉营养成分的比较分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
[目的]为评价暗纹东方的营养学价值,并对其人工配合饲料的研制提供科学依据。[方法]对野生及人工养殖暗纹东方的肌肉营养成分和营养品质进行比较分析。[结果]野生暗纹东方的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗灰分含量及氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸总量、半必需氨基酸总量均高于养殖暗纹东方。野生与养殖暗纹东方4种鲜味氨基酸的总量分别为17.59%和14.44%(干重百分比),必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)分别为52和40,其构成比例均符合FAO/WHO的标准。暗纹东方的第一限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸。[结论]野生及养殖暗纹东方肌肉均为优质的动物蛋白食品,而野生暗纹东方的蛋白质营养价值要高于养殖暗纹东方。  相似文献   

12.
[目的]分析野生云南光唇鱼肌肉营养成分,并评价其品质,为进一步了解野生云南光唇鱼肌肉营养价值及更好地保护和开发利用提供参考依据.[方法]自乌江水系毕节段收集4龄繁殖前期的野生云南光唇鱼,活体取每尾鱼体脊柱两侧肌肉,分析测定其一般营养成分含量及氨基酸、脂肪酸的含量和组成,并进行营养价值评价.[结果]野生云南光唇鱼肌肉中水分含量为(78.46±1.11)%,粗蛋白含量为(17.33±0.13)%,粗脂肪含量为(2.07±0.07)%,粗灰分含量为(1.48±0.25)%;肌肉中共含有18种氨基酸,总量为(73.30±0.36)%,其中含有4种鲜味氨基酸(天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丙氨酸、甘氨酸),总量为(19.81±0.11)%,必需氨基酸总量与氨基酸总量比值(∑EAA/∑TAA)为46.97%,必需氨基酸总量与非必需氨基酸总量比值(∑EAA/∑NEAA)为88.58%;必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为70.63±0.39,苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸和色氨酸是决定和限制野生云南光唇鱼肌肉营养评价的关键氨基酸.肌肉中测出13种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸总量为(34.807±2.464)%,不饱和脂肪酸总量为(65.191±2.735)%.[结论]野生云南光唇鱼肌肉蛋白质含量高,氨基酸平衡效果好,营养价值高,既可食用又可作为功能保健成分予以开发利用.  相似文献   

13.
舒琥  周莹  肖丹  廖育艺  张海发 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(21):12902-12905
[目的]通过对三斑石斑鱼肌肉营养成分和品质的评价来评估其开发与利用价值,为培养优良的石斑鱼品种奠定基础。[方法]对6尾野生三斑石斑鱼肌肉中的水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分、氨基酸和脂肪酸进行分析,并对其营养品质进行了评价。[结果]野生三斑石斑鱼肌肉（鲜样）中水分、粗灰分、粗蛋白和粗脂肪的质量分数分别为77.97%、1.30%、20.07%和0.94%。肌肉中含有18种氨基酸,总量（质量分数,干样）为86.50%,其中8种必需氨基酸（EAA）总量为37.87%,占氨基酸总量的43.76%,其必需氨基酸的构成比例符合联合国粮农组织/世界卫生组织（FAO/WHO）的标准。三斑石斑鱼的第一限制性氨基酸为色氨酸,必需氨基酸指数（EAAI）为82.36,4种鲜味氨基酸（DAA）总量（质量分数,干样）为32.53%。脂肪酸中EPA与DHA质量分数分别为3.17%和4.85%,矿物质含量丰富。[结论]三斑石斑鱼具有较高的食用价值与保健作用。  相似文献   

14.
为了解贵州黔东南棘蛙的肌肉营养价值,采用常规氨基酸分析方法测定黔东南棘胸蛙、棘侧蛙和棘腹蛙3种野生棘蛙肌肉的氨基酸组成与含量,并以鸡蛋蛋白质为标准蛋白,以WHO/FAO氨基酸参考模式为标准对其进行氨基酸营养评价。结果表明:黔东南3种野生棘蛙肌肉的氨基酸组成一致,其中含有苏氨酸、缬氨酸、蛋氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸和赖氨酸7种人体必需氨基酸,非必需氨基酸5种,天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸和丙氨酸4种鲜味氨基酸。棘胸蛙、棘腹蛙和棘侧蛙肌肉中氨基酸总量分别为84.19%、87.43%和86.12%。必需氨基酸含量占总氨基酸含量的比值分别为39.79%、40.07%和39.06%,在蛙科动物中均属于较高水平。3种棘蛙肌肉中,均以谷氨酸的含量最高,天冬氨酸的含量次之,蛋氨酸含量最低。氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)表明,棘蛙肌肉中第一限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸。必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)显示,棘胸蛙为86.72、棘腹蛙为89.79、棘侧蛙为86.22。综合各项指标分析,贵州黔东南3种野生棘蛙具有较高的经济价值。  相似文献   

15.
[目的]为华鳈饲料开发及其鱼肉加工利用提供理论依据。[方法]采用国标规定的生化分析方法测定30尾华鳈的可食部分含量与肌肉的主要营养成分,并对其肌肉品质进行综合评价。[结果]华鳈可食部分含有率为61.38%±2.42%;肌肉中水分、蛋白质、脂肪和灰分的含量分别为77.26%±0.39%、18.47%±0.65%、2.96%±0.32%和1.14%±0.29%。肌肉鲜样中含有18种氨基酸,氨基酸总含量为18.06%,肌肉的第一限制性氨基酸为色氨酸,必需氨基酸指数（EAAI）为57.03,氨基酸的支/芳值（BCAA/AAA）为2.13,4种鲜味氨基酸（DAA）总含量为7.21%;肌肉中主要含有14种脂肪酸,其中多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的含量为21.14%,二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的总含量为5.63%,DHA与花生四烯酸（ARA）的比值为1.00。肌肉中常量和微量元素含量丰富。[结论]华鳈肌肉具有较佳的食用口感、较好的营养价值和保健作用。  相似文献   

16.
[目的]探讨野生和养殖大刺鳅不同生长阶段的营养需求。[方法]采用国标生化分析方法对野生和养殖大刺鳅幼鱼期、性未成熟期和成鱼期的一般营养成分及氨基酸和脂肪酸组成进行比较。[结果]野生和养殖大刺鳅幼鱼和成鱼肌肉中的水分、钙含量呈下降趋势,野生大刺鳅均高于养殖大刺鳅;粗蛋白、粗脂肪和磷含量均呈增加趋势,养殖大刺鳅的粗蛋白和磷含量均高于野生大刺鳅。野生和养殖大刺鳅3个生长阶段肌肉中氨基酸组成基本一致,均含有17种氨基酸,必需氨基酸指数分别为93.19、97.59、96.41和96.25、92.36、95.88,养殖大刺鳅的鲜味氨基酸总量均高于野生群体。脂肪酸含量在不同生长阶段变动较大,野生和养殖大刺鳅的幼鱼期、性未成熟期、成鱼期均含有较高比例的不饱和脂肪酸,其含量分别占脂肪酸总量的52.17%、68.75%、69.23%和75.34%、74.67%、74.25%。[结论]野生与养殖大刺鳅蛋白质含量较高,均含有丰富的氨基酸和不饱和脂肪酸,具有较高的营养与食用价值。养殖大刺鳅的肌肉营养价值优于野生大刺鳅。  相似文献   

17.
花(鱼骨)的肌肉营养成分与品质评价   总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12  
用常规方法对体重(84.34±13.48)g、体长(17.51±0.72)cm的花鱼骨Hem ibarbus maculates的肌肉营养成分进行了分析。结果表明:花鱼骨肌肉鲜样中粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、水分和灰分的含量(均为质量分数)分别为17.5%、2.8%、78.4%和1.2%;新鲜肌肉中18种氨基酸的总量为15.46%,占鱼体粗蛋白质的88.34%,其中8种人体必需氨基酸总量为6.14%,占氨基酸总量的39.69%,其必需氨基酸的构成比例基本符合FAO/WHO的标准。氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)均显示,花鱼骨蛋白质的第一限制性氨基酸为(蛋氨酸 胱氨酸),必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为69.02,脂肪酸中含有高比例(23.6%)的多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),高于鲤科其它名优养殖鱼类。  相似文献   

18.
野生与船养瓦氏黄颡鱼肌肉营养组成与评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
[目的]比较野生和船体网箱养殖(船养)瓦氏黄颡鱼的肌肉营养组成。[方法]对采自同一水域的野生和船养瓦氏黄颡鱼的肌肉营养成分进行了比较。[结果]野生瓦氏黄颡鱼粗蛋白、粗灰分和粗脂肪含量分别为船养瓦氏黄颡鱼的1.16倍、1.69倍和0.90倍。在检测到的17种氨基酸中,野生瓦氏黄颡鱼除酪氨酸和组氨酸含量低于船养瓦氏黄颡鱼外,其余种类氨基酸均高于船养瓦氏黄颡鱼。野生瓦氏黄颡鱼总氨基酸(TAA)、总必需氨基酸(TEAA)、总鲜味氨基酸(TDAA)含量分别是船养瓦氏黄颡鱼的1.18倍、1.51倍和1.13倍。野生瓦氏黄颡鱼必需氨基酸构成比例符合世界粮农组织/世界卫生组织对优质蛋白质的要求,而船养瓦氏黄颡鱼不符合。根据氨基酸评分,野生瓦氏黄颡鱼的第一限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸,除缬氨酸外,其余必需氨基酸的氨基酸评分均大于等于0.90;船养瓦氏黄颡鱼的第一限制性氨基酸为亮氨酸,只有苯丙氨酸+络氨酸的氨基酸评分大于1,3种必需氨基酸的氨基酸评分在0.65以下;野生瓦氏黄颡鱼的必需氨基酸指数为69.62,船养瓦氏黄颡鱼为55.36。[结论]野生和船养瓦氏黄颡鱼的肌肉营养成分存在差异。野生与船养瓦氏黄颡鱼生活在同一水域,水质条件几乎一致,饵料差异可能是影响瓦氏黄颡鱼肌肉营养成分的主要原因。  相似文献   

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