共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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草甘膦化学除草在开设森林防火道中的应用及其效益分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过应用草甘膦加柴油开设防火线和修复防火线试验,结果表明,每667m2应用草甘膦250g+柴油300g清除杂草、灌木效果达90%以上。采用中容留喷雾法,可节约大量资金、劳力和水资源。 相似文献
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对威尔柏、草灌净和草甘膦 3种化学药剂灭除苦竹、杂灌的试验研究表明 ,灭除苦竹、杂罐的主导因子均为威尔柏 ,其中灭除苦竹的最佳配方是威尔柏 2 6 7L·hm-2 +草灌净 2 0 0L·hm-2 +草甘膦 8 3L·hm-2 的混合制剂 ;灭除杂灌的最佳配方是威尔柏 2 6 7L·hm-2 +草甘膦 16 7L·hm-2 的混合制剂。生产上应注意 3者的灵活合理使用 ,以提高灭除效果和降低生产成本 相似文献
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以62％草甘膦异丙胺盐水剂为除草剂,65％草甘膦可溶性粉剂及人工除草为对照,对1年生和多年生林地杂草进行的防除试验结果显示:以3 720 g/hm2有效施用剂量处理效果最好,株防效15天达92.64％,30天达99.22％;30天鲜重防效为99.12％. 相似文献
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威尔柏是一种广普性的选摘性化学除草剂,能防除30多科100多种杂灌木及杂草。造林后幼林杂草茂密以前每亩点射75ml威尔柏(商品量)其除草效果最好,达90％以上。经对红松,红皮云杉等常绿树种造林地的使用对比,不仅节省10倍以上的劳力,而且还降低除草成本40％,同时还促进了幼树生长。 相似文献
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两年试验结果表明，在育苗前使用41％农达最宜量为200ml(商品量）兑水50kg喷湿1／15hm^2杂草茎叶，对于出土杂草杀来效果达95％－100％，施药五天后可翻耕作业，对苗木无影响，在马尾松、滇柏苗圃，使用盖草能12．5％，乳油最适宜商品量为750ml/hm^2兑水750kg喷雾，最宜施药时期是禾本科杂草5－6叶期。施药20天后株防效85％以上。鲜重防效62％，两种除草剂对马发愤松、滇柏安全、经济效益显著，可在林业生产上推广应用。 相似文献
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《辽宁林业科技》2017,(5)
松沫蝉是危害多种松树的一种刺吸式害虫,为掌握松沫蝉若虫和成虫的药剂防治技术,通过在林间喷洒和打孔注射不同浓度的药剂防治松沫蝉若虫,飞机喷洒药剂防治松沫蝉成虫。结果显示:林间喷洒5 d后,溴氰菊酯3种浓度防效都在89%以上,溴氰菊酯500倍液的防效最高,为93.6%;吡虫啉3个浓度药剂的防效都在70%~80%,吡虫啉500倍液的防效最高,为78.5%。打孔注药5 d后,氧乐果10倍液、20倍液的防效分别为90.4%和86.9%。飞机喷洒溴氰菊酯24 h内松沫蝉死亡率较高,喷药3 d后,每株死亡数量达到1 234~3 542头,飞防杀虫率90%以上,使松沫蝉得到有效控制。 相似文献
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威尔柏(Velpar)属均三氮苯类除草剂,其主要特点是杀草灭灌谱广,持效期长,施药方法简便,用水量少,毒性低,对环境安全。红松、云杉、樟子松对它有一定抗性。可用于整地、幼林抚育、透光抚育及防火线等,是一种多用途的林用除草剂。 相似文献
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A Critical Overview of Forestry Seedling Production Policies and Practices in Relation to Smallholder Forestry in Developing Countries 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
This paper reviews forestry seedling production systems in South-east and East Asia and identifies problems with respect to seedling quality, seedling distribution and financial sustainability, and measures which have been adopted or advocated to improve performance in this sector. The paper draws in particular on experience in a series of research projects on smallholder forestry in the Philippines. Some observations are also drawn from the following papers in this combined special issue of Small-scale Forestry. It is found that a mix of public and private sector models are adopted for forestry seedling production, between and even within countries. Often nurseries are set up to provide seedlings for a government-directed expansion in tree planting, and have difficulty surviving once the initial planting purpose is completed. Private nurseries often lack resources, and depend on contracts to supply seedlings for financial viability. Demand tends to be highest for fast-growing species (often exotics), fruit trees, and ornamentals in the case of urban nurseries. Government policies typically favour quantity over quality of the seedlings produced. Considerable scope exists for adopting best or at least improved management practice in seedling nurseries. 相似文献
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Survival and growth of rattan intercropped with coffee and cacao in the agroforests of Indonesia 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
S. F. Siebert 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,50(1):95-102
This study investigated the intercropping of rattan, an important non-timber forest product, in coffee and cacao agroforests in Sulawesi, Indonesia. The viability of producing seedlings from seeds and vegetative cuttings with the large-diameter rattan, Calamus zollingeri Beccari, and initial seedling survival, growth and response to light and soil drainage were investigated in village nurseries and perennial farms. Over 96% of seeds and 61% of vegetative cuttings were raised to transplanting size (25 cm with two to three leaves) over 20 months. One hundred C. zollingeri seedlings produced from cuttings were transplanted into each of three coffee or cacao farms and one primary forest site and exhibited an overall survival rate of 96%, 12.7 cm of height growth and the production of 0.8 new leaves per plant after eight months. No significant differences were observed between the four sites with respect to seedling survival, growth, or leaf production and no significant differences were found between seedling survival, growth or leaf production and light intensity (based on multiple PAR measurements). However, poorly drained sites exhibited significantly reduced C. zollingeri seedling survival and growth. The cultivation of C. zollingeri rattan in coffee and cacao agroforests represents a potential means of intensifying and diversifying perennial cash crop farming systems.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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In tests under aseptic conditions, the herbicides hexazinone (PrononeTM5G® and Velpar L.R.®), glyphosate, and triclopyr reduced seedling growth and mycorrhizal development of Pinus contorta var. Litifolia and Picea glanca. Triclopyr was most toxic of the tour herbicide formulations. Under greenhouse condition, only 2 formulations of hexazinone (Pronone TM5G® and Velpar L.®) were tested. At high concentrations (2 and 4 kg/ha) it reduced growth and mycorrhizal infections significantly but showed recovery with time. No adverse effects were observed at low concentration (1 kg/ha). In general, seedlings inoculated with mycorrhizal fungus (Suillus tomentosus), were more sensitive to herbicide than the ones without mycorrhizal inoculation. Under field conditions overall effects of herbicide application were less intense. Only 4 kg/ha rates of hexazinone resulted in reductions in seedling growth and mycorrhizal infections. The nonmycorrhizal seedings planted in the field developed mycorrhizae in over 40% of short roots within 2 months after planting in all herbicide treatments. 相似文献
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Thomas W. McGinnis Jon E. Keeley Scott L. Stephens Gary B. Roller 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010
Typically, after large stand-replacing fires in mid-elevation Sierra Nevada forests, dense shrub fields occupy sites formerly occupied by mature conifers, until eventually conifers overtop and shade out shrubs. Attempting to reduce fuel loads and expedite forest regeneration in these areas, the USDA Forest Service often disrupts this cycle by the logging of fire-killed trees, replanting of conifers and killing of shrubs. We measured the effects of these treatments on live and dead fuel loads and alien species and modeled potential fire behavior and fire effects on regenerating forests. Sampling occurred in untreated, logged and herbicide-treated stands throughout the Sierra Nevada in four large fire areas 4–21 years after stand-replacing fires. Logging fire-killed trees significantly increased total available dead fuel loads in the short term but did not affect shrub cover, grass and forb cover, alien species cover or alien species richness. Despite the greater available dead fuel loads, fire behavior was not modeled to be different between logged and untreated stands, due to abundant shrub fuels in both logged and untreated stands. In contrast, the herbicide treatment directed at shrubs resulted in extremely low shrub cover, significantly greater alien species richness and significantly greater alien grass and forb cover. Grass and forb cover was strongly correlated with solar radiation on the ground, which may be the primary reason that grass and forb cover was higher in herbicide treated stands with low shrub and tree cover. Repeat burning exacerbated the alien grass problem in some stands. Although modeled surface fire flame lengths and rates of spread were found to be greater in stands dominated by shrubs, compared to low shrub cover conifer plantations, surface fire would still be intense enough to kill most trees, given their small size and low crown heights in the first two decades after planting. 相似文献
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Pinus radiata trees were grown on a podzolized sandy soil at a second rotation site under the following treatments: total weed control, total weed control plus ammonium nitrate, strip weed control and no weed control. During the first two summers after planting the differences in needle water potential between trees under no, strip or total weed control were very small. Despite similar rates of net N-mineralization in strip and total weed control treatments, which averaged 64 kg ha–1 yr–1 in the 0–15 cm soil depth, weeds in the strip weed control treatment reduced soil mineral-N concentrations by 50–80%, leaching of N by the end of the first growing season by 45%, foliar-N concentrations by 4–14% and stem biomass at 20 months after planting by 46%. Although N-uptake by above-ground vegetation (trees plus weeds) was 49% higher in the strip weed control treatment, the amount of N apportioned to trees during the first 20 months after planting was reduced from 15.5 to 9.0 kg ha–1. These effects of weeds were even more pronounced in the no weed control treatment. Since weeds had little effect on the needle water potential of trees and the annual rates of N-mineralization, but adversely affected N-uptake by trees, results indicate that weeds directly competed with trees for N, and thereby aggravated N-deficiency in trees. Application of ammonium nitrate after complete weed control increased foliar-N concentrations, and N-uptake and growth of trees, but also induced severe stem deformation. 相似文献