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1.
Objectives : The objectives of the study were (1) to report the incidence of Chiari‐like malformation and syringomyelia in a normal French cavalier King Charles spaniel breeding population; (2) to precise the standard computed tomography dimensions of the caudal fossa and (3) to investigate the use of ultrasonography in diagnosis of this syndrome. Methods : Clinically normal adult cavalier King Charles spaniel underwent ultrasonographic examination of the spinal cord and caudal fossa. Computed tomography was used to measure the caudal fossa and magnetic resonance imaging allowed syringomyelia and cerebellar herniation identification. Results : Of the 16 dogs in the study, seven had syringomyelia (43·7 per cent). All dogs had cerebellar herniation, suggesting Chiari‐like malformation and also a tendency to occipital dysplasia. Computed tomography measurements of the caudal fossa are reported. In one dog, a syrinx was identified by ultrasonography. The only difference between dogs with or without syringomyelia was that dogs with Chiari‐like malformation/syringomyelia were statistically older. Clinical Significance : The incidence of Chiari‐like malformation and syringomyelia may be high in an asymptomatic population of cavalier King Charles spaniel . Computed tomography measurements reported in this study should now be compared with those of a symptomatic population to evaluate the hypothesis that dogs with Chiari‐like malformation/syringomyelia syndrome have a smaller caudal fossa. This study did not identify a smaller caudal fossa in an asymptomatic cavalier King Charles spaniel population with syringomyelia. Ultrasonography probably has a low sensitivity for diagnosis of Chiari‐like malformation/syringomyelia.  相似文献   

2.
Objectives : To evaluate the results of hemilaminectomy and vertebral stabilisation (+/? annulectomy) for the treatment of thoracolumbar disc protrusion. Methods : The medical records of dogs with thoracolumbar annular protrusions treated by hemilaminectomy and vertebral stabilisation were reviewed. Neurological function was assessed 24 hours following surgery. Long‐term follow‐up was by clinical examination or telephone questionnaire. Results : Twenty‐eight dogs fulfilled the criteria. Age ranged from 4 to 12·5 years (median 8 years, mean 7·7 years), bodyweight from 5·1 to 51·5 kg (median 28 kg, mean 27·1 kg), and duration of neurological signs before presentation from 48 hours to 104 weeks (median 5 weeks, mean 9·3 weeks). At presentation 22 dogs were ambulatory and six were non‐ambulatory. Myelography and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified 31 thoracolumbar protrusions causing spinal cord compression. Unilateral hemilaminectomy was performed in 27 dogs and bilateral hemilaminectomy in one dog. Partial annulectomy was performed in 24 of 31 protrusions. Stabilisation was performed using vertebral body bone plates in 26 dogs and vertebral body screws and bone cement in two dogs. Internal vertebral venous plexus haemorrhage was recorded in nine dogs. A screw was inadvertently placed into an intervertebral disc in two dogs. Neurological examination 24 hours postoperatively revealed deterioration in pelvic limb motor function in 17 dogs. One dog was euthanatised at the owner’s request 6 days after surgery. Long‐term evaluation of 24 cases was performed 3 to 52 months following surgery (median 21 months, mean 23·9 months). Six dogs had improved from their preoperative status and one had deteriorated as assessed by the authors. Fifteen dogs had improved from their preoperative status and two were unchanged as assessed by owners. Clinical Significance : Hemilaminectomy and vertebral stabilisation are an effective treatment for chronic spinal cord compression due to thoracolumbar annular protrusion in dogs. A temporary deterioration in neurological function is not uncommon following surgery. Internal vertebral plexus haemorrhage and inappropriate vertebral body screw placement are potential complications.  相似文献   

3.
A twenty-month-old Chihuahua male dog was presented to us suffering with ataxia. Based on the physical examination, X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations, we diagnosed the dog with hydrocephalus, Chiari I malformation and syringomyelia. Treatment consisted of internal medical treatment and the placement of a ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt. The ventricular dilatation was relieved and the dog improved neurologically; however, the Chiari I malformation and syringomyelia remained after surgically positioning the VP shunt.  相似文献   

4.
Objective– To evaluate long-term success of cranial cervical decompression for management of canine Chiari-like malformation with syringomyelia (CM/SM).
Study Design– Retrospective clinical study.
Animals– Cavalier King Charles spaniels (n=15).
Methods– After diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) dogs had cranial cervical decompression with durotomy. Seven dogs had the durotomy patched with biocompatible collagen matrix. Clinical outcome was monitored for >12 months.
Results– All dogs either improved (80%) or were unchanged (20%) postoperatively. Postoperative MRI in 6 dogs revealed persistence of syringomyelia. Seven dogs (47%) subsequently deteriorated, 0.2–2.3 years after surgery (mean, 1.3 years) and 2 dogs were eventually euthanatized as a consequence. Twelve dogs were still alive, 1–6.5 years after surgery (mean, 2.5 years).
Conclusion– Cranial cervical decompression surgery is associated with low mortality and morbidity, and results in clinical improvement in most dogs. The procedure seemingly does not result in syrinx collapse and resolution. Clinical improvement may not be sustained and some dogs can be expected to deteriorate.
Clinical Relevance– Cranial cervical decompression surgery may have a role in management of CM/SM. In dogs with severe pain, it can improve quality of life for several years; however, it does not appear to adequately address the primary cause of syringomyelia. Further prospective study is needed to better understand the pathogenesis and treatment of this disorder. Because this condition causes neuropathic pain but does not necessarily result in euthanasia more information is needed on appropriate pain management for these patients.  相似文献   

5.
Objectives : To evaluate the long‐term results of subtotal colectomy for acquired hypertrophic megacolon in the dog. Methods : Eight dogs with acquired hypertrophic megacolon underwent subtotal colectomy with preservation of the ileocolic junction. Long‐term follow‐up was obtained by clinical records and telephone interviews with the owners. Results : Eight large‐breed dogs (age range: 6 to 12 years; mean age: 10·75 years) were enrolled. The use of bone meal, low levels of exercise, chronic constipation with dyschesia and tenesmus refractory to medical management were factors predisposing dogs to acquired hypertrophic megacolon. The diagnosis was confirmed in all animals by abdominal palpation, plain radiography and postoperative histopathological findings. There were no intraoperative complications. One dog died as a result of septic peritonitis. The clinical conditions (that is, resolution of obstipation and stool consistency) of the remaining seven dogs were improved at discharge; all animals returned to normal defecation in five to 10 weeks (mean: 7·3 weeks) and were alive 11 to 48 months (mean: 40·5 months) after surgery. Clinical Significance : Predominantly bony diet and/or low levels of physical activity may predispose dogs to acquired hypertrophic megacolon. Our results emphasise the long‐term effectiveness of subtotal colectomy with preservation of the ileocolic junction in this condition.  相似文献   

6.
Objective— To describe a technique of decompressive craniotomy with cystoperitoneal shunt (CPS) placement for treatment of canine intracranial arachnoid cyst (IAC), and to evaluate outcome in 4 dogs. Study Design— Retrospective study. Animals— Dogs (n=4) with IAC. Methods— Medical records of dogs diagnosed with IAC by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; 3 dogs) or computed tomography (CT; 1 dog) were evaluated. All dogs had varying degrees of neurologic dysfunction before surgery. A combined lateral (rostrotentorial)/suboccipital craniotomy was performed sacrificing the transverse sinus on the operated side. The rostral (ventricular) end of a low‐pressure valve shunt (3.0 mm outer diameter, 7.0 cm length) was placed transversely into the cyst cavity; the distal end was placed in the peritoneal cavity. All dogs were rechecked at various intervals by ≥1 of the authors either directly, by telephone consultation with owners, or both. Three dogs were imaged postoperatively (CT–1 dog; MRI–1; ultrasonography–1). Results— Intraoperative complications were limited to excessive transverse sinus hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion in 1 dog. There were no postoperative complications. Clinical signs of neurologic dysfunction resolved in 3 dogs and improved substantially in 1 dog. The latter dog required long‐term, low‐dose corticosteroid therapy. No dogs required repeat surgery. Mean follow‐up time was 23.8 months (range, 12–43 months). Collapse of the intracranial cyst was verified in 3 dogs with repeat imaging. In 2 dogs, there was no evidence of the cyst on CT or MRI; in the third dog, a small amount of fluid was demonstrated rostral to the cerebellum on ultrasonography, but there was no identifiable cyst. In 1 dog, the rostral aspect of the shunt had shifted; however, this was not associated with any clinical deterioration. Conclusion— Craniotomy with CPS placement was well tolerated and resulted in sustained improvement or resolution of dysfunction. Cyst decompression was verified in 3 dogs that were re‐imaged. None of the patients required re‐operation. Excessive transverse sinus hemorrhage is a potential danger that may necessitate blood transfusion. Other IAC patients treated with this method will need to be evaluated to fully evaluate its effectiveness. Clinical Significance— Craniotomy with CPS placement may be an effective treatment method for dogs clinically affected with IAC.  相似文献   

7.
Two dogs had right divisional intrahepatic portacaval shunts within the right lateral lobe of the liver. In both dogs, an extrahepatic portacaval vascular anastomosis was created, using an autologous right external jugular vein graft. The intrahepatic shunts were completely attenuated using a prehepatic intravascular caval approach. The creation of the vascular graft allowed postattenuation rises in portal pressure to be controlled, preventing the development of life threatening portal hypertension. Both dogs recovered from the procedure. One dog is clinically normal and does not require medication (8 months postoperatively); the other dog was euthanatized 5 months after surgery because of renal failure. Scintigraphy studies, performed before surgery, showed significant shunting of portal blood away from the liver (shunt indices 65% and 59%), whereas, similar studies done 4 weeks afterwards showed almost normal portal blood flow (shunt indices 16% and 18%, respectively).  相似文献   

8.
Objectives : To review the histological findings in the intestine from dogs and cats with intussusception. Methods : Medical records and histopathology reports of dogs and cats with intussusception were reviewed retrospectively. Results : Fourty‐nine animals (31 dogs and 18 cats) were identified for inclusion. Tissues examined com‐prised the intussusception alone in 29 animals (16 dogs and 13 cats), and the intussusception with additional intestinal biopsies in 20 animals (15 dogs and 5 cats). Twenty‐eight of 49 (57·1%) animals, comprising 19 of 31 (61·3%) dogs and 9 of 18 cats (50%) had abnormalities detected on histological examination of tissue. Eleven of 29 (46·9%) cases where only the intussusception was submitted achieved a histological diagnosis, compared to 17 of 20 (85%) where additional biopsies were submitted (P=0·003). Cats (median age 36 months, range 2 to 174) were significantly older than dogs (median age 7·5 months, range 1 to 125 months, P=0·010) and were significantly more likely to have underlying neoplasia (5 of 9; 55·6%) compared to dogs who were more likely to have inflammatory causes (17 of 19; 89·5%, P=0·020). There was no association between histological diagnosis and location of the intussusception (P=1·000). Clinical Significance : Histological abnormalities were detected in more than half of the animals. Diagnosis of intestinal disease in animals with intussusception may be improved by submission of additional biopsy samples. Cats with intussusception are more likely to be older and have underlying neoplasia than dogs which are more likely to have inflammatory disease.  相似文献   

9.
Objectives— To describe a cranioplasty procedure used in conjunction with foramen magnum decompression (FMD) for the treatment of canine caudal occipital malformation syndrome (COMS), and to evaluate the clinical outcome. Study Design— Prospective clinical study. Animals— Dogs (n=21) with COMS diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods— After FMD, titanium screws were placed around the perimeter of the foramen magnum defect and a skull plate fashioned from titanium mesh and polymethylmethacrylate was attached to the back of the skull, using the titanium screws as anchor posts. Follow‐up was obtained by direct examination by the authors, telephone interviews with owners and referring veterinarians, and a questionnaire sent to owners of surviving dogs designed to assign objective measures of response to surgical intervention. Surgical success was defined as improvement in ≥1 aspects of clinical dysfunction (e.g. scratching, pain) postoperatively. Owner‐assigned pre‐ and postoperative quality‐of‐life (QOL) scores (1–5) for surviving dogs were compared using a Wilcoxon's signed rank test for paired data (P≤.05). Results— No intraoperative complications occurred and postoperative complications were limited to transient worsening of a pre‐existing head tilt and ataxia in 1 dog, and the need for oral pain medication for 1–4 weeks in 3 dogs. Seventeen dogs (81%) had clinical improvement after surgery. Although clinical signs resolved in 1 dog, it died after being hit by a car, 5 months after surgery. One dog had no change in clinical signs; this patient's clinical signs were not severe and the owners had opted for surgery primarily to prevent progression of disease. Two dogs were euthanatized; 1 because of no improvement of severe clinical signs, and 1 because of sustained recurrence of apparent head and neck pain 7 months later. One dog required a dorsal laminectomy at a second site (C1/C2 vertebral level), 2 months later. Four dogs has transient “flare‐ups” of apparent head/neck pain 2–13 months later; all resolved with transient re‐institution of oral analgesic therapy. Further surgery at the FMD was not needed. Based on the returned questionnaires, there was an overall significant improvement in QOL scores. Conclusions— FMD with cranioplasty was well tolerated, with no intraoperative complications, and minor postoperative complications. Most dogs improved clinically, and none required further surgery at the original FMD site. Clinical Relevance— FMD with cranioplasty may be an effective surgical method of treating dogs with COMS and is well tolerated. Based on prior reports of FMD for this disorder, it appears that cranioplasty may reduce the rate of surgical failure caused by formation of compressive scar tissue at the FMD site in the short term. Results of this preliminary study support further evaluation of the cranioplasty procedure in a larger group of dogs over a more extended follow‐up period.  相似文献   

10.
Objectives : To describe a minimally invasive technique for treating urethral obstructions in male dogs and to review the postoperative results. Methods : All dogs (n=9) had urethral obstruction due to calculi. Obstructions were verified by radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations. Dogs with impaired kidney function were not included in the study. A 5‐mm diameter trocar and cannula were placed in the ventral midline, 2 cm cranial to the umbilicus, allowing placement of a 10‐mm diameter cannula under visual guidance, adjacent to the apex of the bladder. The bladder was then partially exteriorised and sutured to the skin. A 5‐mm diameter cystoscopy sheath was introduced into the bladder lumen and advanced into the urethra. Continuous retrograde flushing was used to dislodge the calculi from the site of obstruction and collect them upstream. Results : The nine dogs were followed up for a minimum of 6 months. No major postoperative complications were identified. One dog exhibited transient macroscopic haematuria (for 3 weeks postoperatively). All urethral calculi were removed in the nine dogs. No recurrence was found during the follow‐up period. Clinical Significance : A minimally invasive approach is used to treat urethral obstructions resulting from calculi in the male dogs.  相似文献   

11.
Objective : To describe the use of computed tomography scanning in the management of dogs with chronic signs after oropharyngeal stick injury. Methods : Dogs with a final diagnosis of chronic oropharyngeal stick injury that underwent a computed tomography scan during their investigation were selected retrospectively from case files at the Royal Veterinary College, London. Results : The six dogs were young (median age 3·1 years) and medium to large breed (19·0 to 42·0 kg). By the time of referral the most common clinical sign was cervical swelling (five dogs). Stick foreign bodies were apparent on the plain computed tomography images in all cases and appeared as well‐demarcated, linear abnormalities. A ventral mid‐line approach was used for foreign body retrieval, and the computed tomography findings corresponded well with the surgical findings, with stick foreign body length ranging from 1 to 7 cm. Closed suction drainage was used in five dogs, for two to four days. Clinical signs fully resolved postoperatively in all cases, although cervical swelling recurred three weeks after surgery in one case. This dog had the smallest foreign body, the greatest number of surgical interventions before referral (three) and the longest disease course before referral (eight months). Clinical Significance : Computed tomography scanning is accurate in identifying the presence and location of chronic stick foreign bodies. Recurrence of disease is possible despite successful retrieval of the wood fragments found by computed tomography scan.  相似文献   

12.
Syringobulbia is a pathologic condition characterized by one or more fluid‐filled cavities within the brainstem. This retrospective case series describes observations in eight dogs with syringobulbia diagnosed during MRI. All dogs were adult, small‐breed dogs with concurrent syringomyelia and neurologic deficits localized to sites rostral to the spinal cord, which cannot be explained by syringomyelia (eg, six dogs had vestibular signs). On MRI, the fluid‐filled cavities had signal intensity characteristics like cerebrospinal fluid, were in the medulla oblongata, and were solitary in each dog. Initially, the shape of the cavity was a slit in five dogs and bulbous in two dogs. Magnetic resonance imaging was repeated in five dogs (6‐55 months of age). One dog had progression of syringobulbia from slit‐like to bulbous, and four dogs had unchanged slit‐like syringobulbia. One dog developed slit‐like syringobulbia after cranioplasty. A variety of medical and surgical treatments were performed with improvement of some but not all clinical signs. One dog died following surgery due to cardiopulmonary failure and the other seven dogs were alive at least 1 year after the initial diagnosis, which was the least time of follow‐up. One surviving dog developed a unilateral hypoglossal nerve deficit 2 months after the initial diagnosis and megaesophagus 14 months later. In conclusion, detecting a fluid‐filled cavity in the medulla oblongata consistent with syringobulbia is possible in dogs undergoing MRI. The cavity is likely acquired, slit‐like or bulbous, progressive, or static, and might be associated with breed size and neurologic signs localized to the medulla oblongata.  相似文献   

13.
Objective: To report surgical planning, technique, and outcome of stabilization surgery in an adult dog with occipitoatlantoaxial malformation (OAAM). Study Design: Clinical report. Animal: A 19‐month‐old, 25.5 kg, male castrated, Shiba Inu. Methods: Radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging were used to identify and characterize OAAM. Using a ventral approach to the cranial cervical region 2 cortical bone screws were inserted from the axis into the malformed atlas and occiput. Results: Ambulation was conserved postoperatively. Within 4 weeks, neurologic examination was mostly normal except for decreased proprioception in the right pelvic limb. At 9 months, the dog retained an extended neck posture, but had no neurologic abnormalities. Conclusion: OAAM should be considered as a differential diagnosis in an adult dog with cervical myelopathy. Surgical fixation with cortical bone screws using a ventral approach can be successful.  相似文献   

14.
Objective: To evaluate open heart surgery with deep surface‐induced hypothermia (sHT) and low‐flow cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in small and toy‐breed dogs. Study Design: Case series. Animals: Small breed dogs (n=8) weighing <5.5 kg with naturally occurring cardiac disease. Methods: Deep sHT under isoflurane anesthesia and low‐flow rate CPB with a small‐volume prime circuit were used. Ventricular septal defect was closed directly in 2 dogs and severe mitral regurgitation was corrected with mitral valvuloplasty (MVP) in 5 dogs and mitral valve replacement in 1 dog. Results: All dogs survived surgery; 1 dog died 6 days and 1 died 2 months after MVP. The other 6 dogs lived (mean follow‐up, 32.8 months; range, 12–65 months). Mean body weight at surgery was 3.6 kg (range, 2–5.3 kg). Mean lowest esophageal temperature was 21.4°C (range, 19.8–23.8°C). Mean lowest pump flow volume was 29.2 mL/kg/min (range, 9.4–57.7 mL/kg/min) during aortic cross‐clamping (mean, 53.5 minutes; range, 25–79 minutes). Mean hematocrit before CPB was 38.6% (range, 33–47%) and 20.3% (range, 13–24%) during CPB with a small circuit priming volume of 225–260 mL. Conclusion: Deep sHT with low‐flow rate CPB may be used for open heart surgery in small dogs weighing <5.5 kg. Clinical Relevance: Open heart surgery for selected congenital defects and acquired defects in small and toy‐breed dogs may be successfully performed using deep sHT and CPB.  相似文献   

15.
A method for foramen magnum decompression (FMD) in dogs with caudal occipital malformation syndrome (COMS) and results for 16 dogs are described. In brief, a dorsal approach to the caudal portion of the occiput and arch of the atlas was made, and a high-speed drill was used to remove a portion of the occiput in the region of the foramen magnum and the dorsal aspect of C1. The meninges that were exposed were removed or marsupialized to surrounding tissues. Foramen magnum decompression was performed in 16 dogs. No intraoperative complications occurred, and postoperative complications occurred in only 2 dogs after initial surgery and in 1 of these dogs after follow-up surgery. In both dogs, postoperative complications after the initial surgery resolved without additional treatment. One dog was nonambulatory tetraparetic after follow-up surgery and died of a suspected ruptured viscus 9 days after surgery. Four dogs developed evidence of scar formation at the surgery site and required additional surgery. Overall, 14 dogs survived, 1 died, and 1 was euthanatized. Clinical signs resolved in 7 of the 14 dogs that survived, improved in 6, and did not change in 1. Results suggest that FMD may be an effective treatment for dogs with COMS, especially if performed early in the course of the disease.  相似文献   

16.
Objective: To report frequency and type of complications, and outcome in dogs with severe neurologic signs secondary to internal, suspected obstructive hydrocephalus treated by ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunting. Study Design: Case series. Animals: Dogs (n=14). Methods: Medical records (2001–2006) was reviewed for dogs that had VP shunting. Inclusion criteria were complete medical record, progressive forebrain signs unresponsive to medical treatment, normal metabolic profile, negative antibody titers and/or cerebrospinal PCR for Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and canine distemper virus, magnetic resonance images of the brain, confirmed diagnosis of VP shunting, and follow‐up information. Results: Hydrocephalus was idiopathic in 5 dogs and acquired (interventricular tumors, intraventricular hemorrhage, inflammatory disease) in 9 dogs. Four dogs developed complications 1 week to 18 months postoperatively, including ventricular catheter migration, infection, shunt under‐drainage, kinking of the peritoneal catheter, valve fracture, and abdominal skin necrosis. Three of these dogs had 1 or more successful revision surgeries and 1 dog was successfully treated with antibiotics. All, but 1 dog, were discharged within 1 week of surgery, and had substantial neurologic improvement. Median survival time for all dogs was 320 days (1–2340 days), for dogs with idiopathic hydrocephalus, 274 (60–420) days and for dogs with secondary hydrocephalus, 365 (1–2340) days. Conclusions: VP shunting was successful in relieving neurologic signs in most dogs and postoperative complications occurred in 29%, but were resolved medically or surgically.  相似文献   

17.
Objectives : To identify clinical risk factors for seizures in dogs with intracranial neoplasia. Methods : A cross‐sectional retrospective study of 68 dogs with histopathologically confirmed primary or secondary intracranial neoplasia, complete clinical history and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was conducted. Signalment and clinical history were retrieved from clinical records and magnetic resonance images of the brain were re‐evaluated. Prevalence of findings was compared between dogs with and without seizures. Results : Forty‐two dogs had tumour‐related seizures, the remaining 26 were seizure‐free. Tumour types included meningioma (23 dogs with and 5 without seizures), glioma (9 dogs with and 6 without seizures), choroid plexus tumour (2 dogs without seizures), neuroblastoma (1 dog with seizures) and metastatic/invasive tumours including lymphoma (9 dogs with and 13 without seizures). On the basis of multi‐variable logistic regression analysis, risk factors for seizures associated with intracranial neoplasia were magnetic resonance imaging findings consistent with the presence of neoplastic tissue in frontal lobe [odds ratio (OR) 9·61; 95% confidence interval (CI) 2·59 to 35·61], marked gadolinium enhancement (OR 10·41; 95% CI 2·07 to 52·30) and magnetic resonance imaging findings of subfalcine and/or subtentorial herniation (OR 3·88; 95% CI 1·10 to 13·71). Clinical Significance : Dogs with primary or secondary intracranial neoplasia are at risk of seizures, particularly those with tumours that affect the frontal lobe, enhance markedly with gadolinium, or cause subfalcine and/or subtentorial herniation.  相似文献   

18.
Contrast‐enhanced multiphase magnetic resonance angiography (CE‐MRA) was used in 17 dogs with a suspected congenital portal vascular anomaly. Portal vascular anomalies were identified in 16 of the 17 dogs. Eleven had a single intrahepatic portocaval shunt (two central divisional, three right divisional, and six left divisional), one dog had a double intrahepatic portocaval shunt, one dog had a hepatic arteriovenous malformation, one dog had a complex intrahepatic porto‐caval shunt. Two dogs had an extrahepatic portosystemic shunt and no shunt was identified in one dog. Total imaging time was <10 min and image quality was good to excellent in all dogs. Portal CE‐MRA is a feasible, fast and non invasive technique to diagnose portal vascular anomalies in dogs, with a large field‐of‐view and good anatomic depiction of the abnormal vessels. Based on these results, CE‐MRA is an efficient imaging technique for the diagnosis of portal vascular anomalies in dogs.  相似文献   

19.
Objectives— To describe clinical signs, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and surgical findings using a lateral approach to the lumbosacral intervertebral foramen and to evaluate clinical outcomes in dogs with or without concurrent dorsal decompression and annulectomy.
Study Design— Retrospective study.
Animals— Dogs (n=20) with degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS).
Methods— Medical records (2002–2006) of dogs that had lumbosacral lateral foraminotomy alone or in combination with dorsal decompression were reviewed. Degree of dysfunction was assessed separately for each pelvic limb; dogs with unilateral signs were included in group A, those with bilateral signs in group B. Retrieved data were: signalment, history, neurologic status on admission, 3 days, 6 weeks, and 6 months postoperatively, duration of clinical signs, results of MRI, surgical site(s), intraoperative findings, and outcome.
Results— Based on the clinical and MRI findings unilateral foraminotomy was performed in 8 dogs, bilateral foraminotomy in 1 dog, unilateral foraminotomy with concurrent dorsal decompression in 7 dogs, and bilateral foraminotomy with concomitant dorsal decompression in 4 dogs. Surgery confirmed the presence of foraminal stenosis in all dogs, with osteophyte formation and soft tissue proliferations being the most common lesions. Outcome was good to excellent in 19 dogs and poor in 1 dog. Mean follow-up was 15.2 months (range, 6–42 months).
Conclusion— Lateral foraminotomy addresses compressive lesions within exit and middle zones of the lumbosacral foramen.
Clinical Relevance— Successful surgical management of DLSS is dependent on recognition and correction of each of the compressive lesions within the lumbosacral junction.  相似文献   

20.
Neurological dysfunction is an uncommon complication following extrahepatic portosystemic shunt ligation. Three dogs and one cat are described that developed neurological signs within 21 to 42 hours of attenuation of intrahepatic portosystemic shunts. None of these cases had biochemical evidence of hepatic encephalopathy postoperatively. Two dogs died during management of status epilepticus following aspiration of food. One dog died six months postoperatively. The cat had persistent neurological dysfunction at discharge, but was alive and had recovered most of its neurological function at the time of writing, 37 months after surgery. This report demonstrates the potential for animals with intrahepatic portosystemic shunts to develop postoperative neurological signs and highlights the difficulty of managing such cases. Two dogs had both intrahepatic and extrahepatic portosystemic shunts. Large intestinal malrotation (partial situs inversus) may have been linked to the development of a portosystemic shunt in the remaining dog.  相似文献   

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