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1.
双高产优质抗病红麻新品种福红9913的选育 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
福红9913是福建农林大学1997年以福红951与福红952杂交,应用配合力育种理论用混合系谱法与穿梭育种法相结合的高效聚合育种新技术,2003年育成的双高产优质抗病红麻新品系。该品种2004-2006年参加国家红麻新品种联合区试试验鉴定,平均每公顷原麻产量3867.38千克,比对照中红麻10号增产5.86%,种子产量增产29.4%,纤维强力比对照提高9.4%。该品种主要优点是纤维和种子产量双高,纤维品质优良、高抗红麻炭疽病,综合性状优良,适应性广,具有较好的推广应用价值。 相似文献
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光钝感、高产红麻新品种福红航992的选育 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
福红航992系2003年以高产优质红麻新品种福红992种子为材料,通过宇航搭载进行航天育种,经5年9代连续选择,于2008年育成的光钝感、超高产红麻新品种.福红航992在海南冬季自然短日照条件下,播种后155天不现蕾开花,表现出极端光钝感特性.在安徽省2008年红麻联合区试中,福红航992平均干皮产量为每公顷5362.5公斤,比对照品种红引135增产21.6%,居所有参试品种第一位,于2009年通过了安徽省红麻新品种鉴定.福红航992等光钝感红麻新品种的推广,将从根本上解决我国红麻生产上的早花减产问题,扩大红麻在全球低纬度地区的推广,从而提高我国红麻的生产与综合利用水平. 相似文献
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优质、高产红麻新品种福红991的选育 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
福红991是1985年以"7380"与莱阳红麻杂交,应用配合力育种理论和混合系谱法与穿梭育种法相结合的聚合育种新技术,于1997年育成的红麻优良新品种.1999-2000年,福红991参加国家红麻新品种联合区域试验,纤维产量比对照红引135增产11.59%,差异达极显著水平.经测试福红991纤维强力比对照红引135提高12.8%,表现出丰产性好、纤维品质优良、适应性广、抗红麻炭疽病等特点.具有较好的推广应用前景. 相似文献
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福红15号系福建农林大学以福红2号与福红952为亲本,采用混合系谱法和穿梭育种法相结合的育种新技术,于2002年育成的红麻优良新品种。2003—2004年通过了福建省红麻新品种联合区试鉴定,平均原麻产量为7295kg／hm^2,比对照粤743增产18．1％,而且抗病性及品种稳定性在各参试品种中表现最好。福红15号在生产性示范中表现丰产性高、抗逆性强、稳定性好、适应性广,是综合性状优良的红麻新品种。 相似文献
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红麻花粉植株诱导的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
红麻适应性广、易栽培、产量高，是重要的麻纺工业原料之一。但红麻的纤维品质比黄麻差，品种也很贫泛，不能适应红麻生产和麻纺工业发展的要求。因此，利用花药培养诱导花粉植株，经人工或自然加倍成纯合二倍体，由于是一次纯合，因而育种规模小，速度快、选择效率高，将对加快红麻高产、优质、抗逆性强的新品种选育具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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优质、高产红麻新品种福红991的选育 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
福红991是1985年以“7380”与莱阳红麻杂交，应用配合力育种理论和混合系谱法与穿梭育种法相结合的聚合育种新技术。于1997年育成的红麻优良新品种。1999—2000年，福红991参加国家红麻新品种联合区域试验，纤维产量比对照红引135增产11．59％，差异达极显著水平。经测试福红991纤维强力比对照红引135提高12．8％，表现出丰产性好、纤维品质优良、适应性广、抗红麻炭疽病等特点。具有较好的推广应用前景。 相似文献
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红麻种质资源创新的理论与实践 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
红麻种质资源创新是育成突破性品种的物质基础，本研究采用外源ＤＮＡ直接导入，辐射诱导和轮回选择等技术，在我国首次创新两份茎杆光滑无刺稀有红麻重要种质９０１和９０２，并转育成高产，中偏迟我刺红麻新品种金山无刺。采用双列选择交配和穿梭育种法于１９９２年育成比照青皮３号增产１５％以上，高产高纤维支数的红麻新品种福红７号，１９９５年育成比对照粤７４－３增产１５％左右，丰产性好，稳定性高，适应性广的红麻新品种 相似文献
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The milling potential of hulled barley, hulled oat, triticale, rye and wheat was studied using a long tempering process and a laboratory four-roller mill. Regardless of the investigated cereal, the results indicated a significant influence (p < 0.05) of volume per surface area ratio on the milling yield and ash contents of the flour. The lowest milling yield was obtained in case of hulled oat. Solvent retention capacity profiles were determined for all investigated whole cereals and flours for predicting the contribution of different polymers to the functionality of samples. For all solvents higher values were obtained for the whole cereals compared to the corresponding flour. Thermo-mechanical properties of the whole cereals and refined flours were also investigated. If in case of wheat the gluten proteins play an essential role on dough behaviour during kneading at 30 °C, in case of triticale, rye, hulled barley and hulled oat, the fibers play a major role as well. Thermo-mechanical properties of starch registered a large variation between cereals and/or flours. The lowest torque value corresponding to starch gelatinization (C3) was registered in case of the hulled oat flour, 1.92 Nm, while the highest value in case of rye flour, 2.65 Nm. 相似文献
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Study of antimicrobial activity of aloevera, chitosan, and curcumin on cotton, wool, and rabbit hair 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Aloevera, chitosan, and curcumin were applied in alone and in combination with each others on cotton, wool and rabbit hair
by exhaustion method for the assessment of their antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity of these natural ingredients
was better in peroxide treated cotton, formic acid treated wool/rabbit hair fibrous substrates than their corresponding intact
ones. Aloevera shown better antimicrobial activity than chitosan and curcumin when applied alone and its antimicrobial activity
was enhanced by addition of both chitosan and curcumin. The application of aloevera+chitosan+curcumin combination on peroxide
treated cotton and formic acid treated wool/rabbit hair fibrous substrate was fast up to twenty five washing cycles. 相似文献
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Krishna Kumari S Thayumanavan B 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,53(1):47-56
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) pictures of small millet starch granules showed more large polygonal and few small spherical or polygonal granules. The granules of small millets resembled those of rice starch granules. The size of the starch granules ranged from 0.8–10 m. The size of the granules was larger in barnyard millet and smaller in proso millet. Several granules showed deep indentation caused by protein bodies. SEM of starch isolated from 24 hour-germinated kodo millet showed pitting or pinholes at some points due to the attack of amylases (preferentially on bigger granules). Brabender viscoamylograph studies on small millet starches revealed that the gelatinization temperatures ranged from 75.8 to 84.9 ° C. Barnyard millet possessed lower amylograph viscosity, minimum breakdown, and relative breakdown values when compared to the other small millets. 相似文献
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Phytosterol,Squalene, Tocopherol Content and Fatty Acid Profile of Selected Seeds,Grains, and Legumes 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Ryan E Galvin K O'Connor TP Maguire AR O'Brien NM 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2007,62(3):85-91
The unsaponifiable lipid fraction of plant-based foods is a potential source of bioactive components such as phytosterols,
squalene, and tocopherols. The objective of the present study was to determine the levels of phytosterols, and squalene, as
well as tocopherols (α and β + γ) in selected grains, seeds, and legumes. The method comprised acid hydrolysis and lipid extraction
followed by alkaline saponification, prior to analysis by HPLC. In addition, the fatty acid profile of the foods was determined
via total lipid extraction, fatty acid derivitisation and GC analysis. In general, β-sitosterol was the most prevalent phytosterol,
ranging in concentration from 24.9 mg/100 g in pumpkin seed to 191.4 mg/100 g in peas. Squalene identified in all foods examined
in this study, was particularly abundant in pumpkin seed (89.0 mg/100 g). The sum of α- and β+ γ-tocopherols ranged from 0.1 mg/100 g
in rye to 15.9 mg/100 g in pumpkin seeds. Total oil content ranged from 0.9% (w/w) in butter beans to 42.3% (w/w) in pumpkin seed and the type of fat, in all foods examined, was predominantly unsaturated. In conclusion, seeds, grains,
and legumes are a rich natural source of phytosterols. Additionally, they contain noticeable amounts of squalene and tocopherols,
and in general, their fatty acid profile is favorable. 相似文献
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Sea cucumbers produce numerous compounds with a wide range of chemical structural diversity. Among these, saponins are the most diverse and include sulfated, non-sulfated, acetylated and methylated congeners with different aglycone and sugar moieties. In this study, MALDI and ESI tandem mass spectrometry, in the positive ion mode, were used to elucidate the structure of new saponins extracted from the viscera of H. lessoni. Fragmentation of the aglycone provided structural information on the presence of the acetyl group. The presence of the O-acetyl group was confirmed by observing the mass transition of 60 u corresponding to the loss of a molecule of acetic acid. Ion fingerprints from the glycosidic cleavage provided information on the mass of the aglycone (core), and the sequence and type of monosaccharides that constitute the sugar moiety. The tandem mass spectra of the saponin precursor ions [M + Na]+ provided a wealth of detailed structural information on the glycosidic bond cleavages. As a result, and in conjunction with existing literature, we characterized the structure of five new acetylated saponins, Lessoniosides A–E, along with two non-acetylated saponins Lessoniosides F and G at m/z 1477.7, which are promising candidates for future drug development. The presented strategy allows a rapid, reliable and complete analysis of native saponins. 相似文献
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The possibility that sugar accumulation of potatoes stored at low temperatures may be linked to activation of cyanide-resistant respiration (CRR) was investigated. After a lag period of several days, continuous HCN treatment stimulated CO2 production of tubers stored in 20% O2. At 1°C in 20% O2, HCN treatment increased respiration over that effected by low temperature treatment. After several weeks of treatment, cyanide-stimulated CO2 production was greater at 1°C than at 10°C. Sucrose and malate levels of HCN treated tubers were sometimes higher than those of the 10°C control tubers, but they were always lower than those of the 1°C control tubers. This indicated that CRR alone could not account for the sugar increases at 1°C. Storage in 2% O2 blocked the increase in CO2 production and changes in constituents associated with HCN treatments in 20% O2. HCN treatment had no significant effect on chip color. The level of CRR was measured in freshly cut slices from Monona, Norchip, and Kennebec tubers previously stored at 10°, 5°, or 1°C for several months. Slices from tubers previously stored at 1°C had increased CRR, but there was no difference in CRR between the 5°C and 10°C treatments. Sugars accumulated at 5°C, again indicating that sugar accumulation in potatoes stored at low temperatures was at least partially independent of the activation of CRR. 相似文献
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氮磷钾肥对稻米铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响 总被引：21，自引：2，他引：21
采用田间试验，在四川省西昌市用两个水稻品种研究了氮、磷、钾肥施用量对稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响。结果表明，稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量均随着施氮量增加先上升后下降，滇屯502的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量都以施用90 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高；而合系39的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙的含量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用270 kg/hm2 N最高，说明供试籼型品种滇屯502对氮肥的敏感性较粳型品种合系39强；磷肥明显降低了稻米中铁、铜、锰、钙的含量和产量，适量增施磷肥有利于增加稻米中镁的含量和产量；适量施用钾肥有利于提高稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰含量和产量，两供试品种铁、锌、铜、锰含量均以90 kg/hm2 K2O时最高，而钾肥明显降低了稻米中镁、钙的含量和产量。 相似文献
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Leanne Pearson Troco Mihali Michelle Moffitt Ralf Kellmann Brett Neilan 《Marine drugs》2010,8(5):1650-1680
The cyanobacteria or “blue-green algae”, as they are commonly termed, comprise a diverse group of oxygenic photosynthetic bacteria that inhabit a wide range of aquatic and terrestrial environments, and display incredible morphological diversity. Many aquatic, bloom-forming species of cyanobacteria are capable of producing biologically active secondary metabolites, which are highly toxic to humans and other animals. From a toxicological viewpoint, the cyanotoxins span four major classes: the neurotoxins, hepatotoxins, cytotoxins, and dermatoxins (irritant toxins). However, structurally they are quite diverse. Over the past decade, the biosynthesis pathways of the four major cyanotoxins: microcystin, nodularin, saxitoxin and cylindrospermopsin, have been genetically and biochemically elucidated. This review provides an overview of these biosynthesis pathways and additionally summarizes the chemistry and toxicology of these remarkable secondary metabolites. 相似文献
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Duhan A Khetarpaul N Bishnoi S 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2002,57(3-4):275-284
UPAS-120, a high yielding and early maturing variety of pigeon peas releasedby the Department of Plant Breeding, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar contained a significant amount of phytic acid, i.e. 886 mg/100 g. When it was subjected to various domestic processing and cooking methods viz. soaking (6, 12, 18 h), dehulling, ordinary as well as pressure cooking and germination (24, 36 and 48 h), a drastic decrease in level of phytic acid with a remarkable increase in the HCl-extractability of mono, divalent, andtrivalent ions, like calcium, phosphorus, and iron occurred. Germination (48 h) was found to be the best method for decreasing the phytic acid content, i.e.35 to 39 percent less than the control and significantly (p<0.05) increasingthe non-phytate phosphorus and HCl-extractable phosphorus. Pressure cooking of soaked-dehulled pigeon pea also rendered equally good results. The calcium, phosphorus and iron contents of pigeon pea seeds were 197.3, 473.1, and 9.91 mg/100 g, respectively; some losses varying from 3 to 9 percent were noticed when the legume was subjected to soaking, cooking, and germination but the maximum losses, i.e. 23 percent, occurred when the seeds were dehulled. However, HCl-extractability of Ca, P and Fe improved to a significant extent when the pigeon pea seeds were soaked, soaked-dehulled, cooked and sprouted which may have been due to decrease in the phytate content followed by processing and cooking. The significant negative correlations between the phytic acid and HCl-extractability of minerals of processed pigeon pea strengthens these findings. 相似文献