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1.
纳滤技术对干酪乳清脱盐性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了开发经济可行的乳清脱盐技术,提高乳清产品品质及其附加值,该研究采用截留液全循环连续错流纳滤操作装置对干酪甜乳清进行纳滤脱盐处理。考察了不补水纳滤浓缩及不同补水透析方式对乳清脱盐率的影响,以脱盐率为指标进行工艺优化,选取适宜的脱盐操作工艺。结果表明,在1.1 MPa的操作压力下,控制溶液温度为30℃,系统流量为4.5 L/min,纳滤至体积浓缩比（VCR）为1.5时,以渗透速率向截留液中补充等同于浓缩液体积的去离子水,在相同的纳滤时间内,脱盐效果较好。纳滤乳清经喷雾干燥后,相对原料乳清粉脱除了45%的盐分,乳清蛋白和乳糖基本完全截流。 相似文献
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为获取纳滤膜法处理阿斯巴甜高含盐有机废水的最佳操作工艺参数,建立了阿斯巴甜高含盐有机废水纳滤膜处理试验平台。对不同操作压力（1.6、2.0、2.4、2.8、3.2 MPa）、不同pH值（2、3、6、8、10）、不同温度（30、35、40、45、50 ℃）和不同进液流速（0.02、0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20 m/s）条件下,纳滤膜处理阿斯巴甜高含盐废水的膜通量、体积浓缩比、氯化钠去除率、氨基酸截留率和氨基酸回收率特性进行了试验研究。研究表明：采用纳滤膜处理阿斯巴甜高含盐有机废水,操作压力,温度、pH值和进液流速对纳滤膜的分离性能有不同程度的影响,试验得出的最佳操作压力为2.4 MPa,pH值为6,进液温度为40 ℃,进液流速为0.1 m/s,在该操作参数下,纳滤膜运行3 h,平均膜通量为21.5 L/（m2·h）,体积浓缩比为5.9,氯化钠去除率为96%,有机物L-苯丙氨酸和L-天冬氨酸截留率分别为89%和77%,L-苯丙氨酸和L-天冬氨酸回收率分别为90.6%和80.3%。试验研究为高含盐有机废水处理的工业应用提供了基础。 相似文献
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该研究以鸡骨素为原料,中试条件下对比分析了真空浓缩与2种膜组合偶联真空浓缩工艺的优劣。通过测定真空浓缩工艺的浓缩速率和水分去除率,微滤-反渗透和超滤-反渗透组合膜的膜通量、物料损失率、干物质损失率和蛋白损失率,研发了梯度膜分离与真空浓缩偶联的新型骨素浓缩工艺并进行了中试研究。结果显示:真空浓缩前期60 min内可溶性固形物含量升高缓慢,浓缩速率低,耗能大;微滤、超滤、纳滤和反渗透膜分离的物料损失率为0.5%、6.25%、4%、7.1%,干物质损失率为1.6%、19.4%、22.4%、20%,蛋白质损失率分别为35.8%、25.7%、22%、16%,膜通量衰减速率与膜孔径呈现负相关;膜组合结果表明超滤-反渗透膜组合能够提高反渗透膜通量,显著减少物料损失和干物质损失(P0.01)。中试结果表明,超滤-反渗透-真空浓缩工艺耗时110 min,耗资27.85元,耗煤11.018 8 kg,污染气体SO2和NOx的排放量分别为0.010 1 kg和0.014 6 kg。超滤-反渗透-真空浓缩新型工艺缩短了浓缩时间,降低了生产成本,污染气体的排放显著(P0.01)减少,一定程度上实现了节能减排,可以作为一种新型工艺用于鸡骨素浓缩生产。 相似文献
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大球盖菇漂烫液喷雾干燥制营养精粉工艺优化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了充分利用大球盖菇漂烫液的营养成分,对其进行喷雾干燥,并优化其工艺参数,选取热风温度、雾化压力和总固形物质量分数3个因素进行响应面法组合设计,对大球盖菇漂烫液喷雾干燥工艺参数进行优化。结果显示:大球盖菇漂烫液喷雾干燥的较佳工艺条件为β-环糊精添加量15%、进料流量10mL/min、进料温度70℃、热风温度172℃、雾化压力92MPa、总固形物质量分数15%,该条件下大球盖菇漂烫液营养精粉得率为60.26%、抗氧化保留率83.92%、含水率3.2%、溶解时间65s。研究为实现大球盖菇漂烫液的资源化利用提供参考。 相似文献
6.
秸秆低聚木糖溶液纳滤分离特性和渗滤工艺 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
该文研究了截留相对分子质量为250的纳滤膜分离以秸秆为原料生产的低聚木糖溶液的分离特性,并优化了渗滤纯化工艺。通过检测透过液和截留液中各糖组分的浓度,计算并得到了该膜对阿拉伯糖、木糖和聚合度（Degree of Polymerization）DP2到DP4的低聚木糖的截留率随膜通量变化的关系曲线;应用不可逆热力学模型对阿拉伯糖、木糖和DP2到DP4的低聚木糖中性溶质体系的截留率试验数据进行回归计算,求得了反射系数、溶质透过系数和水透过系数等膜分离特性参数,并根据立体位阻模型估算出膜的细孔结构参数。当糖液浓度为8.4%（总糖/糖浆）,膜系统温度控制在(30.1±2.1)℃,跨膜压差控制在(1.58±0.02)×106 Pa的恒定体积渗滤操作模式下,膜通量无衰减,稳定在(29.4±1.8) L/(m2·h),经3倍体积纳滤渗滤操作后,低聚木糖纯度由原料的83.33%（DP2到DP6低聚木糖/总糖）上升至92.54%,木二糖损失率为12.45%（对原料中的木二糖）,总糖回收率为88.39%（对原料中的总糖）。纳滤分离模型的研究为低聚木糖溶液的渗滤纯化和浓缩模拟并精确优化工艺提供了参数基础,使用纳滤膜在渗滤操作模式下,可以高效脱除单分子糖,同时低聚木糖损失较小。 相似文献
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介绍了新鲜柚子花中芳香性成分超临界CO2萃取分离工艺和分析检测方法，重点探讨了压力、温度、时间对萃取率的影响。应用正交试验优化得出：影响萃取的主次因素依次为为萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间；较佳工艺参数为：压力18 MPa，温度50℃，时间90 min，流量25 L/min，得到超临界柚子花芳香油的萃取率高达2.7‰。应用气相色谱-质谱联用仪共鉴定出39个组分，占总芳香油的91.281%。通过对柚子花的深度加工研究，为开发高附加值的柚子花香精提供科学依据。 相似文献
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超临界CO2连续浓缩鱼油EPA和DHA的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了克服鱼油有效组分超临界CO2间歇萃取方法的缺点,设计建造了超临界CO2在内径14 mm、填料高1.8 m的填料塔中连续萃取浓缩鱼油有效组分的流程.根据单因素试验的结果,对工艺参数进行优化.设计了4因素3水平并考虑部分交互作用的正交试验方案,以综合指标进行评价,得到了优化工艺参数为:填料塔压为12.5 MPa;CO2流量为5 L/min;鱼油进料流量为0.8 mL/min;塔的温度分布为40～85℃.经方差分析得知,温度分布的影响对综合指标高度显著,鱼油进料流量对综合指标的影响显著,试验范围内的压力、CO2流量、压力和温度分布交互作用、温度分布和CO2流量交互作用以及压力和CO2流量交互作用对综合指标没有显著影响. 相似文献
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超临界CO2萃取毛竹笋油的工艺及产品成分 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：3
为优化超临界CO2萃取毛竹笋油的工艺参数,该研究通过单因素试验和正交试验考察了萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间和CO2流量等因素对毛竹笋油得率的影响,并利用气质联用（GC-MS）对毛竹笋油进行成分分析。研究确定超临界CO2萃取毛竹笋油的较佳工艺为：萃取压力25 MPa、萃取温度55℃、萃取时间2.5 h和CO2流量15 L/h,较佳工艺条件下笋油得率为5.74%;GC-MS分析毛竹笋油,共鉴定出17种组分,其中β-谷甾醇、9,12-十八碳二烯酸和9,12,15-十八碳三烯酸的相对含量分别为26.00%、10.50%和9.83%。 相似文献
11.
Meng L Lozano Y Bombarda I Gaydou E Li B 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(12):4297-4303
Extraction and concentration at a pilot plant scale of anthocyanins and flavonoids from Perilla frutescens var. frutescens harvested in the Guangzhou area of China were investigated. The study of extraction efficiency using mineral acids and organic acids showed that 0.01 mol/L nitric acid was the most suitable to extract flavonoids from this slightly red leaf cultivar. The red extract contained 12 mg/L (as cyanidin equivalent) anthocyanins and other flavones. The multistep process included cross-flow microfiltration (CFM) with a ceramic type membrane, reverse osmosis (RO), and rotating evaporation (RE). The filtration fluxes were high and constant for CFM (150 L/h/m2 at 0.6 b) and for RO (22 L/h/m2 at 40 b). The red extract was concentrated 9.4 times by RO and then 5.4 times by RE. It contained 422 mg/L anthocyanins, representing 77% of the total extracted anthocyanin. The proportion of flavonoids was found unchanged during processing. The concentrated extract showed a pH of 2.7, and its free acidity was found to be 46% of the acidity added for extraction, because of the buffering capacity of the extract. At the concentration level reached, a crystallized deposit occurred and was identified as tartrate. 相似文献
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Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) was used to extract anthocyanins from the freeze-dried skin of a highly pigmented red wine grape with six solvents at 50 degrees C, 10.1 MPa, and 3 x 5 min extraction cycles. Temperature (from 20 to 140 degrees C in 20 degrees C increments) effects on anthocyanin recovery by acidified water and acidified 60% methanol were also studied. Acidified methanol extracted the highest levels of total monoglucosides and total anthocyanins, whereas the solvent mixture (40:40:20:0.1 methanol/acetone/water HCl) extracted the highest levels of total phenolics and total acylated anthocyanins. Acidified water extracts obtained by PLE at 80-100 degrees C had the highest levels of total monoglucosides, total acylated anthocyanins, total anthocyanins, total phenolics, and ORAC values. Acidified methanol extracts obtained by PLE at 60 degrees C had the highest levels of total monoglucosides and total anthocyanins, whereas extracts obtained at 120 degrees C had the highest levels of total phenolics. High-temperature PLE (80-100 degrees C) using acidified water, an environmentally friendly solvent, was as effective as acidified 60% methanol in extracting anthocyanins from grape skins. 相似文献
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超滤（ultrafiltration，UF）能有效浓缩沼液，但透过液中仍含有大量养分，可进一步采用纳滤（nanofiltration，NF）等精密膜浓缩利用。NF膜的孔径会直接影响膜的截留特性和通量，从而影响浓缩性能。为了探究NF膜孔径对沼液浓缩过程养分富集效果和膜污染行为的影响，该研究以鸡粪沼液的UF透过液为研究对象，分别采用800 D、500 D、100 D的NF膜（平均膜孔径分别为2.0、1.0、0.5 nm）进行浓缩，重点分析养分截留效果和膜污染特征。结果表明：不同孔径的NF膜均能高效截留化学需氧量（chemical oxygen demand，COD）和总磷（total phosphorus，TP），截留率可达68%以上，但对总氮（total nitrogen，TN）和总钾（total potassium，TK）的截留较低，仅为19%～35%。随着膜孔径降低，NF对COD、TN、TP、TK的截留效果略有提高，但整体差异不明显。不同孔径NF膜在沼液浓缩过程均出现了明显的水通量降低。与1.0 nm的NF膜相比，0.5 nm膜较小的孔径和2.0 nm膜较大的初始通量均会导致膜表面有机-无机致密污染层的形成，从而造成水通量快速降低；而1.0 nm膜表面形成的以无机晶体为主的污染层较为疏松，通量下降较为缓慢。综合养分截留效果和水通量变化规律，确定孔径为1.0 nm的NF膜更适用于浓缩沼液的UF透过液，研究结果可为推动沼液膜浓缩的发展与工程应用提供理论与技术支撑。 相似文献
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Ichiyanagi T Shida Y Rahman MM Hatano Y Konishi T 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2006,54(18):6578-6587
To clarify how structural diversity of anthocyanins relates to their in vivo function, bioavailability was precisely studied in rats using bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) extract (Bilberon 25) as an anthocyanin source that contains 15 different anthocyanins. The bilberry extract was orally or intravenously administered to rats, and the plasma levels of each anthocyanin were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. As the result, all anthocyanins except peonidin 3-O-alpha-L-arabinoside were detectable in the blood plasma. The plasma concentration of anthocyanins as a whole reached the maximum level of 1.2 microM at 15 min after oral administration of 400 mg/kg bilberry extract (153.2 mg/kg as anthocyanins) and then decreased with time. Uptake and decay profiles of each anthocyanin in the plasma were almost the same for all anthocyanins except a few with their maximum after 30 min. Among the anthocyanins carrying the same aglycone, the plasma level after 15 min of oral administration was as follows: galactoside > glucoside > arabinoside. Plasma clearance of anthocyanins after intravenous administration clearly showed that arabinoside disappeared more rapidly than glucoside and galactoside. On the other hand, when anthocyanins carrying the same sugar moiety were compared, the half disappearance time of plasma anthocyanins was in the following order: delphinidin > cyanidin > petunidin = peonidin > malvidin. The bioavailability of anthocyanins was in the range of 0.61-1.82% and was 0.93% as the anthocyanin mixture. The bioavailability of anthocyanins carrying the same aglycone was in the following order: Galactoside showed the highest followed by glucoside and arabinoside for cyanidin and delphinidin, but arabinoside and galactoside showed a higher bioavailability than glucoside for petunidin and malvidin. Anthocyanins recovered in urine and bile during the first 4 h after intravenous administration were only 30.8 and 13.4%, respectively. Anthocyanin profiles in tissues were quite different from those in blood plasma. The major anthocyanins distributed in liver and kidney were the O-methyl anthocyanins such as peonidin, malvidin, and other O-methyl anthocyanins derived from delphinidin, cyanidin, and petunidin-glycosides. 相似文献
15.
Jinwook Chung Bruce E. Rittmann Namguk Her Seung-Hyun Lee Yeomin Yoon 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2010,207(1-4):29-37
A new hybrid process has been proposed and evaluated the feasibility for complete removal of chromate and selenate at high level. The process consists of a H2-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) and reverse osmosis (RO)/nanofiltration (NF) stages. The essential feature of the process is the recycling of the RO and NF concentrate into the membrane biofilm reactor. First, two different H2-based denitrifying MBfR initially reduced selenate (Se (VI)) or chromate (Cr (III)) stably to Se° or Cr (III) to limited levels (approximately 70–85% removal for selenate and approximately 40–65% removal for chromate). In order to achieve more stable and lower levels, two different membrane (NF and RO) filtration technologies as sequential process were combined. Two wastewaters produced from two MBfRs having similar amounts of target toxic ions (C o?=?366 μg-Cr L?1 and C o?=?326 μg-Se L?1), pH, and conductivity were tested to determine the solute rejection and the membrane flux for one RO and one NF membranes at varying recovery conditions (10–90%). The results show that the rejection of solutes decreases with increasing the recovery due to the increase in osmotic pressure. The rejections by the RO membrane were >99–98% for chromate and 99–94% for selenate, while slightly lower rejections (<20%) were observed for the NF membrane at the recovery conditions. 相似文献
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The effects of two different vinification techniques, traditional fermentation and carbonic maceration, on the anthocyanin composition and color of young red wines, made with Syrah grapes grown in a warm climate, were compared. Tristimulus colorimetry was applied to study the color of wines during the vinification, and a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure was used for the analysis of anthocyanins. Carbonic maceration led to wines with lower anthocyanin content, mainly monoglucosides, and total phenols. This was related to lighter wines, less saturated, but more colorful (higher chroma C*ab values), and hues hab similar to those of the Syrah wines made by traditional vinification. Thus, the lightness L* had much more influence on the saturation s*uv of the wines obtained by carbonic maceration than the chroma (s*uv = C*uv/L*). From a study of the color-composition relationships using linear and multiple regression, better relationships were found for the wines from traditional vinification, where the chromatic parameters L*, hab, and s*uv could be predicted from the 3-monoglucosides of delphinidin, petunidin, peonidin, and malvidin concentrations (R > 0.9). However, a good prediction of the chroma C*ab from the anthocyanin composition was not possible. On the contrary, C*ab was the best predicted parameter from the anthocyanins monoglucosides (R > 0.9) in the carbonic maceration wines. 相似文献
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Suda I Oki T Masuda M Nishiba Y Furuta S Matsugano K Sugita K Terahara N 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(6):1672-1676
Absorption of acylated anthocyanins in purple-fleshed sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas cv. Ayamurasaki) in rats was studied to obtain evidence that the acylated anthocyanins themselves could exert a physiological function in vivo. Peonidin 3-caffeoylsophoroside-5-glucoside (Pn 3-Caf*sop-5-glc) in purple-fleshed sweet potato was directly absorbed into rat and present as an intact acylated form in plasma. After oral administration of the purple-fleshed sweet potato anthocyanin (PSA) concentrate containing 38.9 micromol of Pn 3-Caf*sop-5-glc/kg of body weight, Pn 3-Caf*sop-5-glc was detected in the plasma, and the C(max) value and t(max) were estimated as 50.0 +/- 6.8 nmol/Lof plasma and 30 min, respectively. Furthermore, the plasma antioxidant capacity was significantly elevated from 58.0 +/- 12.0 to 89.2 +/- 6.8 micromol of Trolox equivalent/L of plasma 30 min after the administration of the PSA concentrate. 相似文献
18.
Oidtmann J Schantz M Mäder K Baum M Berg S Betz M Kulozik U Leick S Rehage H Schwarz K Richling E 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2012,60(3):844-851
Bilberries (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) and their major polyphenolic constituents, anthocyanins, have preventive activities inter alia against colon cancer and inflammatory bowel diseases. However, anthocyanins are sensitive to environmental conditions; thus their bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract is an important determinant of their in vivo activity. In the study reported here, the potential benefits of encapsulating an anthocyanin rich bilberry extract (BE) on anthocyanin stability were investigated. Nonencapsulated BE and three different BE loaded microcapsule systems were incubated in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) and fed state simulated intestinal fluid (FeSSIF). After exposure to these media, released anthocyanins were identified and quantified by HPLC with UV/Vis detection. Although a rapid release of anthocyanins was observed within the first 20 min, encapsulation of anthocyanins doubled the amount of available anthocyanins after 150 min of incubation. These results illustrate the ability of encapsulation to inhibit early degradation of anthocyanins in the intestinal system. 相似文献
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以红富士和冰糖心2种苹果为试材,研究0、200、300、400和500MPa超高压处理对鲜切苹果片的色变动态特性。结果表明,超高压处理能显著抑制鲜切苹果片在空气中的色变速率。采用4种三色值组合(ΔL*a*/b* 、ΔL*a*b*、Δ(ΔE)和ΔW.I.)作为色变指标研究鲜切苹果片的色变动态特性,结果表明,超高压处理和未处理的鲜切苹果片的各色变指标均随时间呈线性变化,鲜切苹果片的色变符合零级动力学反应。通过对三色值组合的优选,色变指标ΔL*a*/b*被选作反应压力对色变影响的最佳指标,并在此基础上建立了色变指标(ΔL*a*/b*)与压力(P)的关系模型。模型表明,400MPa为超高压加工鲜切水果片的较优压力。 相似文献