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《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2015,(17)
为了研究小鼠心源性肺水肿肺脏组织超微结构的病理变化,试验以昆明小鼠为模型动物,通过腹腔注射不同剂量的肾上腺素导致小鼠产生心脏和呼吸系统血液循环障碍,然后采用病理解剖学、病理组织学和超微病理学的检测方法对试验小鼠的肺脏组织结构进行观察,以确定心源性肺水肿肺脏组织结构的变化。结果表明:病理组织学检查可见,小鼠支气管管壁间隙增宽,血管扩张,红细胞积聚;肺泡管腔狭窄,炎性细胞浸润,肺泡扩张、气肿等缺氧变化。电镜观察可见,小鼠支气管上皮肿胀,气管内有红细胞和浆液产生;支气管黏膜肿胀增厚,气管黏膜表面纤毛断裂、脱落;病变肺泡中隔断裂,肺泡融合扩张,肺泡体积增大。说明将剂量为0.01~0.03 m L/g的肾上腺素注射到小鼠体内均可导致小鼠死亡。 相似文献
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猪传染性胸膜肺炎(PCP)是由猪胸膜肺炎放线杆菌(APP)引起的一种高度接触性、致死性呼吸道传染病。2012年12月以来,光泽县鸾凤乡2户养猪专业户猪先后发生以高热、高度呼吸困难,肺脏、胸膜有特征性纤维素性渗出和出血性肺炎为特征的病变,并陆续出现死亡。经流行病学调查、剖检病理和 相似文献
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为阐明运输应激对小鼠肺脏的病理损伤及热休克蛋白表达的影响,本实验运用HE染色、醋酸铀-枸橼酸铅染色、免疫组织化学染色和图像分析等方法,分析运输应激小鼠显微结构、超微结构以及HSP27、HSP70和HSP90表达的变化情况。结果表明:运输应激小鼠肺泡腔塌陷或发生融合,肺泡腔中可见脱落的细胞及胞质内容物,肺泡隔增厚,毛细血管明显扩张,炎性细胞浸润,肺泡Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型上皮细胞均发生明显的超微病理损伤,部分细支气管上皮脱落;与对照组相比,运输应激小鼠肺脏HSP27蛋白表达未见明显变化,HSP70蛋白表达量是对照组的10倍(P0.01),HSP90蛋白表达量下降。综上可知,运输应激对小鼠肺脏组织结构造成较大损伤,细胞病变较明显,HSP70和HSP90蛋白与肺脏应激损伤的发生发展存在一定的关联。 相似文献
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为了解泰安及其周边地区中小规模猪场屠宰生猪肺脏及胸膜病变情况,对来自该区域屠宰生猪的肺脏进行图像采集和眼观病变评估打分,结合组织病理学检查,对屠宰生猪肺脏及胸膜病变进行系统的分类和统计分析,同时比较了不同规模及不同饲养模式下(外购仔猪肥育场以及低于100头母猪和100头母猪以上自繁自养场)出栏750头生猪的肺脏健康状况。结果表明:调查区域屠宰生猪肺脏病变严重,病变发生率高达68.4%,其中两种及两种以上病变的肺脏占73.3%,以各种类型的肺炎(53%)病变最为常见,间质性肺炎尤其严重。另外,肺脏病变兼有胸膜炎的比例高达48.7%;外购仔猪肥育场肺脏病变较自繁自养场严重,不同规模的自繁自养场的肺脏病变程度稍有差异,但无质的差别。 相似文献
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通过对2只自然感染绵羊肺腺瘤病毒的病羊进行剖检及病理组织学观察,了解此病毒对绵羊机体的主要侵害器官及其他各器官所发生的一系列变化。试验结果表明:剖检可见肺脏膨隆,体积增大、充满胸腔;肺的表面和切面上见到大小不一、质度较实的黄白色小结节;有些病例肺胸膜的脏层与壁层发生黏连;在支气管、细支气管内可见白色泡沫状的黏液。组织学检查可见肺泡壁上皮细胞和细支气管上皮细胞增生,呈乳头状向肺泡腔内或细支气管腔内生长;邻近部位的肺泡腔内有大量的巨噬细胞增生。从观察结果中可以看出,绵羊肺腺瘤病毒主要侵害肺脏和机体的免疫器官,可为绵羊肺腺瘤病的进一步研究提供参考。 相似文献
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目的研究血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）在绵羊肺脏中的表达分布特征。方法取成年绵羊肺脏组织,制备石蜡切片,利用HE染色法观察绵羊肺脏组织的形态结构,采用免疫组织化学方法检测VEGF在绵羊肺脏组织中的分布。结果肺脏的各类型细胞均可见VEGF表达,在绵羊肺脏导气部的细支气管和终末细支气管的上皮细胞,呼吸部的肺泡管和呼吸性细支气管的上皮细胞,以及肺的血管内皮细胞均可检测到VEGF的强阳性表达信号。结论VEGF广泛分布于绵羊肺脏组织中,对其形态结构和功能的维持具有重要作用。 相似文献
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Paraffin blocks and mineral oil were used as a model to determine the effect of dependency versus nondependency on radiographic visualization of lung lesions in lateral thoracic radiographs. It was concluded that the increased opacity of the material surrounding the lesion, not contact between the heart and the lesion, was responsible for the inability to detect lung disease in the dependent lung. The results were tested in dogs with pneumonia in the right middle lung lobe. When the dog was in right lateral recumbency, the dependent right lung was increased in opacity and decreased in volume and the pulmonary lesion was difficult to detect. When the dog was in left lateral recumbency, the nondependent right lung was increased in volume and decreased in opacity and the pulmonary disease was clearly visible. A single recumbent lateral radiograph must not be used to assess a dog with suspected lung disease because lesions in the dependent lung lobes may not be detected. 相似文献
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【目的】 研究穿王消炎粉对脂多糖(LPS)诱导大鼠急性肺损伤(ALI)的治疗作用。【方法】 将60只SD雄性大鼠随机分入空白组、左氧氟沙星阳性药物对照组、LPS模型组及穿王消炎粉低(1 g/kg体重)、中(2 g/kg体重)、高(4 g/kg体重)剂量组,每组10只。模型组和给药组大鼠经滴鼻法给予LPS(3 mg/kg体重)制备大鼠ALI模型,24 h后,给药组分别灌胃相应浓度的穿王消炎粉,模型组和空白组灌胃相同体积的生理盐水。治疗4 d后处死大鼠,分离血清、固定并冻存肺脏组织。测定各组大鼠肺脏组织湿/干重比;HE染色观察大鼠肺脏组织病理学变化;ELISA法检测血清中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-6含量;采用实时荧光定量PCR和Western blotting法检测肺脏组织中IL-1β、IL-6 mRNA表达水平和蛋白表达量。【结果】 与空白组相比,LPS模型组大鼠出现肺间质壁增厚,肺泡腔内炎性细胞浸润、出血,肺泡结构破坏等肺损伤症状,肺组织的湿/干重比极显著升高(P<0.01),血清中IL-1β、IL-6含量和肺脏组织中IL-1β、IL-6 mRNA表达水平及蛋白表达量均显著增加(P<0.05)。与LPS模型组相比,各给药组大鼠肺间质增宽现象有所改善,肺组织的湿/干重比、血清和肺脏组织中炎性因子IL-1β、IL-6 mRNA表达水平及蛋白表达量均显著降低(P<0.05)。【结论】 穿王消炎粉可有效抑制LPS诱导的急性肺部损伤和炎症程度。 相似文献
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本试验旨在探讨N-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）在镉（Cd）致去卵巢大鼠肺细胞凋亡和肺组织损伤的缓解作用。40只雌性SD大鼠随机分为假手术对照（Control）组、Cd组、NAC组和NAC+Cd组，每组10只。18个月后，取大鼠肺组织，镜检观察组织HE染色与Masson染色后的病理学变化，应用火焰原子吸收光谱法检测组织中Cd的含量，应用qRT-PCR法检测组织纤维化关键蛋白Col-I和Col-III mRNA水平，并应用Western blot检测凋亡关键蛋白（Bcl-2、Bax及cleaved caspase-3）及p53的表达与Akt磷酸化。结果显示，与Control组相比，Cd组肺组织中肺泡结构消失和纤维组织增生，Cd的含量极显著增加（P<0.01），Col-I和Col-III mRNA水平、Bax/Bcl-2比值、cleaved caspase-3与p53的表达极显著上调（P<0.01），Akt磷酸化受抑制。与Cd组相比，NAC+Cd组减轻了肺组织病理变化，显著（P<0.01）降低了肺组织中Cd的含量，下调了Col-I和Col-III mRNA水平和Bax/Bcl-2比值、cleaved caspase-3与p53的表达，提高了Akt磷酸化水平。综上表明，NAC对Cd致大鼠肺组织损伤和肺细胞凋亡具有较好的缓解作用。 相似文献
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CrispinP. Spencer DVM Norman Ackerman DVM JamesK. Burt DVM 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1981,22(6):262-266
Selected structures seen on right and left lateral thoracic radiographs of 12 dogs were evaluated for differences in position, size, and shape. The size and position of the cardiac silhouette were different when thoracic radiographs made in left and right lateral recumbency were compared. These changes were, however, considered insignificant. The position of the right cranial lobe bronchus relative to the left varied in right lateral recumbency and left lateral recumbency. The right cranial lung lobe was better aerated when dogs were positioned in left lateral recumbency.
Lesions seen in the caudal portion of the left cranial lung lobe or the right middle lobe were masked when the affected lobe was dependent, and enhanced when the affected lung lobe was non-dependent. It is believed that this difference occurred due to compression of the dependent lung with greater aeration of the non-dependent lung. 相似文献
Lesions seen in the caudal portion of the left cranial lung lobe or the right middle lobe were masked when the affected lobe was dependent, and enhanced when the affected lung lobe was non-dependent. It is believed that this difference occurred due to compression of the dependent lung with greater aeration of the non-dependent lung. 相似文献
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Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected postmortem from the lungs of 113 sheep, and total and differential cell counts were analysed in relation to the presence of gross and microscopic lung pathology. The diffuse lung diseases, maedi and adenomatosis, were both characterised by an increase in overall cellularity and by increases in the percentages of lymphocytes and neutrophils, respectively. Focal parasitic lung disease was characterised by an increase in the percentage of eosinophils and mast cells. Consolidated lung lesions were characterised by a slight increase in cellularity but no change in the differential cell profile. In regions of parasitised and consolidated lungs without lesions the differential cell profile was consistent with focal lung pathology, although the slight increase in cellularity observed in the consolidated regions was not observed in the regions without lesions. A decision tree was developed to facilitate the interpretation and indicate the likely predictive capacity of the differential cytology of the fluid. 相似文献
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MICHAEL PEES INGMAR KIEFER JENS THIELEBEIN GERHARD OECHTERING MARIA-ELISABETH KRAUTWALD-JUNGHANNS 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》2009,50(5):487-491
Thirty-nine healthy boid snakes representing six different species ( Python regius, Boa constrictor, Python reticulatus, Morelia viridis, Epicrates cenchria , and Morelia spilota ) were examined using computed tomography (CT) to characterize the normal appearance of the respiratory tissue. Assessment was done subjectively and densitometry was performed using a defined protocol. The length of the right lung was calculated to be 11.1% of the body length, without a significant difference between species. The length of the left lung in proportion to the right was dependent on the species examined. The most developed left lung was in P. regius (81.2%), whereas in B. constrictor , the left lung was vestigial or absent (24.7%). A median attenuation of −814.6 HU and a variability of 45.9 HU were calculated for all species with no significant difference between species. Within the species, a significantly higher attenuation was found for P. regius in the dorsal and cranial aspect of the lung compared with the ventral and caudal part. In B. constrictor , the reduced left lung was significantly hyperattenuating compared with the right lung. Results of this study emphasize the value of CT and provide basic reference data for assessment of the snake lung in these species. 相似文献
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R. F. Slocombe N. E. Robinson F. J. Derksen C. B. Carrig 《Veterinary research communications》1988,12(2-3):259-272
The effect of lung inflation on thoracic radiographic anatomy was determined in seven anesthetized calves less than one week of age. Radiographs were taken with the calves in dorsoventral (DV), ventrodorsal (VD), left and right lateral recumbency at functional residual capacity (FRC), at half inflation of the lung and at total lung capacity (TLC). Lung volumes were maintained by positive pressure ventilation. Increases in areas and linear dimensions during lung inflation were not uniform, being greatest in the caudal and especially the caudal ventral regions of the thorax. With inflation, heart size decreased and the heart shadow moved cauded as the diaphragm flattened. When the calf was shifted from the DV to the VD position, the heart displaced toward the left thoracic wall. Lung areas were larger on VD than on DV projections with the right lung being larger than the left. On lateral radiographs the most reliable, easily observed indication of the stage of lung inflation was the area bounded by the vena cava, the caudal heart border and the diaphragm. On the DV or VD radiographs the transthoracic width at the diaphragm was the best indicator of the degree of lung inflation. 相似文献
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F J Derksen R F Slocombe P R Gray N E Robinson 《American journal of veterinary research》1992,53(1):15-21
The lungs of sensitized horses were exposed to aerosolized ovalbumin. Some horses (n = 4) were given ovalbumin in 1 lung only, whereas in others (n = 7), ovalbumin or vehicle were inoculated in the cranial, ventral, and caudal regions of the caudal lung lobe. Horses were exercised 5 hours after ovalbumin exposure. Immediately before exercise, endoscopy failed to reveal any abnormality. After exercise, endoscopic examination of horses subjected to unilateral ovalbumin exposure revealed extensive blood in airways leading to the exposed lung in all horses. Blood was not observed in the airways leading to the control lung. Mean (+/- SEM) minimum volume of the exposed and control lungs was 9.5 +/- 1.5 and 5.5 +/- 1.6 L, respectively; this difference was statistically significant (P less than 0.05). Bronchoscopy of horses subjected to regional ovalbumin or vehicle exposure and exercise revealed a small amount of blood-tinged fluid in the bronchi serving the regions of the lung inoculated with ovalbumin. Minimum volumes of such regions were not significantly different from one another. However, their minimum volume was significantly (P less than 0.05) larger than that of vehicle-inoculated regions. Gross and histologic examination confirmed inflammation and hemorrhage in the ovalbumin-exposed, but not the control lungs or lung regions. Thus, exercise can cause blood from an injured region of lung to appear in the larger airways. Regional differences in lung structure and function do not influence the appearance of blood in the airways. 相似文献
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Andrew N. Makanya Boniface M. Kavoi David O. Kihurani 《Anatomia, histologia, embryologia》2021,50(1):169-174
Slight changes in lung volume have previously been reported in ducks. We studied the functional structure of the lung of the domestic duck using classical anatomical techniques as well as ultrasound monitoring to unravel the causes of such changes. Later dorsal and medioventral secondary bronchi were superficially positioned and covered with a thin transparent and collapsible membrane, internally lined with a cuboidal to squamous epithelium. The lung parenchyma was rigid, with atria well supported by septa containing smooth muscles, interparabronchial septa reinforced by collagen fibres, and blood capillaries supported by epithelial plates. On ultrasound monitoring, an outward and inward movement of the lung surface during inspiration and expiration, respectively, was evident at the region where the airways were covered by the thin membranes. The movements plausibly facilitated air movement in the lung just like the air sacs. We conclude that volume changes in the duck lung occur due to a slight morphological adaptation rather than a change in the archetypical design of the avian lung parenchyma. 相似文献