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1.
以干海乡一生态鸡鸡苗场中分离得到的鸡致病性大肠杆菌病原菌为试验对象,采用细菌形态学观察以及生化试验、动物试验和血清学试验等方法,表明所分离到的5个菌株为致病性大肠杆菌。用氨苄青霉素、庆大霉素、四环素、磷霉素、新霉素、土霉素、链霉素、红霉素、氟苯尼考、氧氟沙星、头孢曲松、阿莫西林等12种药物对5个不同菌株进行药敏试验比较。结果表明:5个菌株均对新霉素、阿莫西林、头孢曲松和磷霉素高度敏感。对庆大霉素、四环素、土霉素等抗菌药物耐药性极强。 相似文献
2.
本文研究了卤虫（Ａｒｔｅｍｉａｐａｒｔｈｅｎｏｇｅｎｅｔｉｃａ）对下述３种药物的摄入与排出：磺胺嘧啶（ＳＤ）、土霉素（ＯＴＣ）及无味红霉素（ＥＲＹ－Ｅｓ）。当摄取药物１小时（药物用海水配制成混悬液）时，卤虫（幼体或成体）消化道充满了白色的药物颗粒；经测定此时初孵无节幼体内药物含量为１７μｇ／１０只，成体内为２０３μｇ／只（体长６５ｍｍ）及３６２μｇ／只（体长９２ｍｍ）。药物颗粒大小、摄取时间及卤虫体长对药物摄入量有明显影响。但卤虫对３种药物的摄取量无明显差异。当将载药卤虫放入海水中３小时时，仅有５０％的药物被排出。 相似文献
3.
通过测定斑点气单胞菌单药和双药抗生素最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、防突变浓度(MPC)和耐药突变选择窗(MSW),探索合理使用抗菌药物,防止细菌耐药性产生的用药方案。利用药物敏感性实验测定斑点气单胞菌对10种抗生素的抗性,筛选出6种不同机制的敏感性抗菌药物,应用琼脂平板稀释法对斑点气单胞菌测定单药以及双药的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和防突变浓度(MPC),计算选择指数(SI)和联合指数(CI),测定联合用药对耐药突变选择窗(MSW)的影响。结果显示:6种药物氯霉素、土霉素、利福平、红霉素、盐酸四环素、头孢霉素的MIC分别为0.512、0.416、6.272、2.048、0.386和0.512μg/m L;MPC分别为524.288、1 277.952、802.816、1 024.000、1 185.792和10.880μg/m L;SI值分别为1 024.000、3 072.000、128.000、500.000、3 072.000和21.250。土霉素与红霉素、盐酸四环素与红霉素、盐酸四环素与头孢霉素、土霉素与头孢霉素、盐酸四环素与土霉素、氯霉素与土霉素、氯霉素与盐酸四环素、利福平与氯霉素、利福平与头孢霉素、利福平与盐酸四环素、利福平与土霉素、红霉素与头孢霉素双药联合后的联合指数分别为1.000、1.000、1.000、1.000、0.834、1.500、1.500、0.834、2.000、2.000、1.000和2.000。双药联合明显降低了药物SI值,有效缩小了斑点气单胞菌耐药突变选择窗,其中利福平与盐酸四环素双药联合后SI值由128.000,3 072.000均降低至1.000,完全关闭了耐药突变选择窗,有效抑制斑点气单胞菌的耐药生长。 相似文献
4.
随着我国海水养殖业以及盐碱水域养殖业的蓬勃发展,鱼类病害问题已相当严重,而且抗菌药物的使用与淡水养殖中同样普遍。然而,有关海水、半咸水对抗菌药物药效的影响我们所知甚少,相关的研究报道鲜见,给这类药物在海水或盐碱水域的合理使用带来困难,因此开展这课题的研究显得十分必要。 相似文献
5.
（6）喹诺酮类抗菌药物这是一类化学合成的抗菌药品,具有抗菌谱广（尤其对革兰氏阴性菌）、杀菌力强的特点,对耐抗生素的细菌也有杀菌作用。细菌对这类药不容易产生耐药性。本类药物口服吸收快,半衰期较长。近年来在我国使用较多。国外使用最多的有以下几个品种：茶咬酸、供喷酸、此咯咯灾酸（或称吮咯酸）、氟嚷酸、氯甲喷、恩诺沙星（国外的商品名为百病消）、沙拉氟诺沙星等。它们之间有交叉耐药性,与土霉素之间也有交叉耐药性的可能。本类药物受水的硬度、pH以及二价阳离子影响较大,所以在海水中使用时需加大剂量。喷酸：为白色粉… 相似文献
6.
7.
长江口及邻近海域凤鲚生境履历重建 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用 X-射线电子探针微区技术(EPMA)对长江口崇明和邻近吕四凤鲚(Coilia mystus)耳石 Sr 和 Ca 的微化学进行了分析。定量线分析和 Sr 含量面分布图谱显示,凤鲚耳石核区的 Sr/Ca 比值存在 Sr/Ca<3、37 这 3 种类型,分别对应的耳石核心面分布同心环区域颜色为蓝色、绿色和黄-红色,据此推断长江口及邻近海域凤鲚孵化场存在 3 种,即淡水孵化场、河口半咸水孵化场及海水孵化场。凤鲚个体耳石从核心到边缘的 Sr/Ca比值变化波动极为显著,有对应淡水生活的低值阶段(Sr/Ca<3,最小为 2.04±0.87),也有对应海水生活的高值阶段(Sr/Ca >7,最大为 7.81±0.91),可将凤鲚的生境履历类型分为 4 种类型:淡水河口半咸水型、河口半咸水定居型、河口半咸水海水型和淡水河口半咸水海水型。长江口邻近海域吕四凤鲚有淡水和河口半咸水孵化个体,其生境履历类型包括淡水河口半咸水型、河口半咸水海水型和淡水河口半咸水海水型,而长江口崇明岛海域有海水及河口半咸水孵化个体,其生境履历类型包括淡水河口半咸水型、河口定居型及淡水河口半咸水海水型,这反映了长江口崇明岛及邻近海域吕四 2 个海域凤鲚个体间的共性以及差异性。通过本次研究,首次证明了长江口及邻近海域凤鲚存在 3 种孵化场及 4 种生境履历类型,准确反映了凤鲚个体组成及其生活史的多样性和复杂性。 相似文献
8.
9.
嗜水气单胞菌欧洲鳗皮肤溃疡分离株的耐药性 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
1996年6～8月自福建省霞浦县某养鳗场患狂游症的欧洲鳗(AnguillaanguillaL.)下颏溃疡处分离到15株细菌,经鉴定为嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonashydrophila)。用药敏纸片法对其进行常用抗菌药物敏感试验,结果表明耐药菌株率分别为:痢特灵,73.3%;复方新诺明(SMZ TMP),73.3%;四环素,86.7%;土霉素,53.3%;红霉素,53.3%;氯霉素,73.3%;氟哌酸(诺氟沙星),60.0%;环丙沙星,60.0%。测定其最小抑菌浓度(MIC)平均值分别为:痢特灵,28.0μg/ml;复方新诺明1424.0μg/ml;四环素,112.0μg/ml;土霉素,992.0μg/ml;红霉素,103.5μg/ml;氯霉素,136.3μg/ml;氟哌酸,98.0μg/ml和环丙沙星,45.0μg/ml,均远远高于药物使用浓度。被测菌株一般对4种以上抗菌药物耐药,个别菌株对全部测试药物耐药。说明在养殖过程中频繁使用抗菌素,已产生了广泛的耐药菌株。 相似文献
10.
《南方水产科学》2018,(6)
为了给哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)疾病防治新手段的开发提供基础实验数据,筛选了协同抗哈维氏弧菌的乌梅(Fructus mume)水提液与抗生素复合物。首先绘制药物浓度对数对抑菌圈直径标准曲线,采用全组合法筛选与乌梅水提液具有协同抗菌活性的抗生素,然后采用中心组合设计法(CCD)结合响应面法(RSM)分析乌梅水提液与筛出抗生素复合后两两药物间的交互作用,并确定最佳复合配比。全组合法筛出的四环素、土霉素、金霉素和强力霉素分别与乌梅水提液具有协同抗菌作用,RSM分析显示将这4种药物复合后,乌梅水提液与土霉素对哈维氏弧菌存在显著协同抗菌作用;土霉素分别与金霉素和强力霉素存在交互抑制作用;乌梅水提液、土霉素、金霉素和强力霉素最佳复合配比为45∶0.12∶0.00∶0.00 (mg·mL~(–1))。模型预测最优复合物对哈维氏弧菌的抑菌圈直径为18.54 mm,琼脂扩散法平行3次测得该复合物的抑菌圈直径为(19.03±0.07) mm,相对误差为2.6%,表明该方法结果可靠,为考察药物间的交互作用提供了新思路。 相似文献
11.
Hervé Pouliquen Michaëlle Larhantec-Verdier Marie-Line Morvan Hervé Le Bris 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2007,262(1):23-28
A large fraction of antibacterial agents administered to farmed fish is released into the environment, either in leaching from uneaten medicated pelleted feed, or through urinary, branchial and faecal excretions. Processes such as hydrolysis and photolysis might be important for the elimination of antibacterial agents from water. The aim of the present study was to compare hydrolysis and photolysis of oxytetracycline (OTC), oxolinic acid (OXA), flumequine (FLU) and florfenicol (FLO) in three types of water (deionised water, freshwater and seawater) under abiotic conditions. For each antibacterial agent, a 7-day factorial experiment was designed in order to study the effect of light, pH and dissolved oxygen on hydrolysis and photolysis in deionised water. Furthermore, 14-day kinetics experiments were performed for each antibacterial agent and each type of water. FLO was not degraded by hydrolysis or photolysis phenomena. Hydrolysis phenomena only concerned OTC and were responsible for about 20% of its degradation following a 14-day exposure at a temperature of + 8 °C. Photolysis was responsible for about 70% of the OTC degradation in freshwater and seawater and 10% of the OXA and FLU degradation in seawater following the same exposure. Water pH played a role in OTC hydrolysis and photolysis. There was no close connection between OTC hydrolysis and photolysis and OTC binding to cations and organic matter, but it would be suggested that there was a connection between absence of OXA and FLU photolysis and OXA and FLU binding to organic matter. 相似文献
12.
Abstract. Two-hundred-and-fifty-nine strains of Vibrio anguillarum isolated from diseased cultured ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis in various districts of Japan from 1974 to 1977 were studied for their sensitivity to 12 different chemotherapeutic agents: chloramphenicol (CM), tetracycline (TC), streptomycin (SM), kanamycin (KM), aminobenzyl penicillin (ABP), colistin (CL), nalidixic acid (NA), oxolinic acid (OA), piromidic acid (PA), furazolidone (NF), sulpharaonomethoxine (SA) and trimethoprim (TMP). One-hundred-and-thirty-four of the strains were additionally tested for sensitivity to O/129(2,4-diamino-6,7-diisopropyl pteridine) and ormethoprim (OMP). All strains were susceptible to SM, KM and ABP and also highly sensitive to CL. A correlation of resistance was found among the chemically-related drugs NA, OA and PA, and TMP, OMP and O/129, Nine strains were sensitive to all the drugs tested. The remaining 250 strains were resistant to various combinations of six drugs (CM, TC, NA, NF, SA and TMP). In particular, strains resistant to NA and NF (20.1%), to CM, TC, SA, NA and NF (29.7%) and to all six drugs (28.2%) were frequently detected. NA- or NF-resistant strains have increased since 1974 and TMP-resistant strains have increased since 1976. Transferable R plasmids were detected in 165 out of 250 resistant strains. The most common type of R plasmid determined resistance to CM, TC and SA. These multiple drug-resistant strains with transferable R plasmids were isolated from many different districts. 相似文献
13.
在海水和半咸水中,用高锰酸钾(KMnO4)对黑鲷幼鱼进行急性毒性试验。结果表明:在海水盐度27.3和半咸水盐度10.4条件下,高锰酸钾对黑鲷幼鱼24h的LC50分别为3.41mg/L和4.78mg/L;最高安全使用剂量分别为1.12mg/L和1.68mg/L。半咸水条件下,高锰酸钾对黑鲷幼鱼的急性毒性相对较低,因此,高锰酸钾对黑鲷幼鱼进行药物处理比在海水条件下更安全。高锰酸钾引起鱼体组织发生病理变化是暂时的,一旦受试鱼转到无高锰酸钾的清水环境中,鱼体就会恢复正常。 相似文献
14.
Abstract. Sixty strains of Pasteurella piscicida were collected from cultured yellow–tail, Seriola quinqueradiata Temminck & Schlegel, in various districts of Japan. These strains were tested for their sensitivity to 14 different chemotherapeutic agents and the detected drug resistant strains were investigated to determine whether or not they possessed R plasmids. All strains were most susceptible to ampicillin of the tested drugs. All except five strains were found to be susceptible to chloramphenicol (CM) and doxycycline (DOTC). However, the strains were only moderately susceptible to cephazolin, cephalexin, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim and ormethoprim, and their MIC values were under 3–lμg/ml. Twenty–one strains showed resistance to furazolidone (NF). Five out of the 60 strains were resistant to CM, tetracycline (TC), kanamycin (KM), NF and sulphamonomethoxine (SA). Transferable R plasmids were detected in these drug–resistant strains. These R plasmids had markers for resistance to CM, TC, KM and SA. 相似文献
15.
Oxytetracycline (OTC), a broad-spectrum antibiotic, is used widely to treat bacterial diseases in farmed fish. In the present study, the time course of OTC concentrations in freshwater rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), and seawater chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), were compared, tissue by tissue, after receiving a bolus dose of the antibiotic (5 mg kg–1 or 50 mg kg–1) intra-arterially (i.a.). The OTC concentration–time profiles of rainbow trout tissues were found to be very similar to those of the corresponding tissues in chinook salmon. Therefore, neither water salinity nor fish species seemed to play an important role in the disposition and elimination of OTC in these salmonids. In a separate experiment, rainbow trout were implanted surgically with a urinary cannula and received a single dose of OTC (50 mg kg–1) i.a. Urine was collected from the cannula daily for 13 days. The amount of OTC excreted into the bile was found to be larger than that eliminated by the urine. These results show the similarity of OTC pharmacokinetics in freshwater rainbow trout and seawater chinook salmon and render support in using a single fish species to study the pharmacokinetics of a drug for other species in the same taxon. 相似文献
16.
Antibacterial activity of immobilized silver nanoparticles on TEPA‐Den‐SiO2 against shrimp pathogen,Vibrio sp. Persian1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Mehrdad Sarkheil Iman Sourinejad Maryam Mirbakhsh Davood Kordestani Seyed Ali Johari 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(5):2120-2132
In this study, we prepared silver nanoparticles immobilized onto silica sand beads as an antibacterial material against pathogenic luminous Vibrio sp. Persian1. Silica beads were modified with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), cyanuric chlorid and tetraethylene pentamine, and silver nanoparticles were generated in various concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2 mM g?1 of silica beads) of AgNO3 on the surface using chemical reduction. Ag/TEPA‐Den‐SiO2 samples were characterized by TEM, FE‐SEM/EDS, FT‐IR and ICP OES and their antibacterial activity assayed by zone of inhibition and test tube tests against pathogenic Vibrio sp. The results of the zone inhibitory test revealed that all the Ag/TEPA‐Den‐SiO2 samples had an antibacterial effect against luminous Vibrio sp. Persian1. In addition, the tube test results showed 100% killing of bacteria in 2 h contact period. Ag/TEPA‐Den‐SiO2 samples maintained their antibacterial activity after 14‐day immersion in seawater by slow release of silver ions. These results suggest that Ag/TEPA‐Den‐SiO2 substrates could be effective antibacterial materials for disinfection of seawater used to culture Penaeid shrimp larvae. 相似文献
17.
Clyde S. Tamaru Cheng-Sheng Lee Christopher D. Kelley Garret Miyamoto Aaron Moriwake 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1994,25(1):109-115
Profiles of oocyte growth were obtained from female striped mullet Mugil cephalus L. held in salinities ranging from fresh water to seawater during two consecutive spawning seasons (1988–1990) in Hawaii. Females underwent vitellogenesis at all salinities (i.e., 32–35, 13–20, and 0%‰) tested. Females maturing in fresh water exhibited a slower rate of oocyte growth, and a significantly lower number completed vitellogenesis. All females were induced to spawn in full seawater. The number of fertilized eggs per spawning was highest from females maturing in brackish water. More females were able to be induced to spawn twice in brackish water during the 1989–1990 season than in fresh or seawater. The results from the current investigation suggest that salinities ranging from 13–35 ppt are adequate for ovarian maturation in captive striped mullet females. 相似文献
18.
Arne M. Arnesen Even H. Jørgensen Malcolm Jobling 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,12(4):281-292
The purpose of the current study was to examine seasonal changes in seawater tolerance and growth performance of anadromous
Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus L.) held at the same temperature (8°C) during winter and summer. Charr (20–27 cm), previously reared in freshwater under
natural photoperiod, were transferred either directly (DT) from freshwater to seawater (35 ppt), from freshwater to brackish
water (20 ppt), or were gradually adapted (GT) to seawater over a period of 10 days. Control fish were held in freshwater.
Feed intake and osmoregulatory ability were then monitored on three occasions during the following 59 days. Two experiments
were carried out, one during winter (December–January) and the other during summer (June–July). In both experiments fish mortality
was low. Plasma osmolalities recorded in fish transferred to seawater were within normal ranges, but osmolalities on day 10,
were significantly lower in summer (313 mOsm/kg (DT), 328 mOsm/kg (GT)) than in winter (323 mOsm/kg (DT), 352 mOsm/kg (GT)).
In winter, feed intake and growth rates were high in fish kept in fresh and brackish water, but charr transferred directly
to seawater ate little and lost weight. Fish that were gradually adapted to seawater occupied an intermediate position. During
summer the observed differences in feed intake were small and all fish had relatively high growth rates. These results suggest
that Arctic charr display seasonal changes in feed intake and growth performance that parallel seasonal changes in hypoosmoregulatory
capacity. The ability to survive and hypoosmoregulate in full strength seawater does not, however, seem to be a particularly
good indicator of successful seawater adaptation with respect to the ability to display high rates of feed intake and growth.
During winter, a gradual transfer to seawater appeared to lead to improved feeding and growth compared to direct transfer. 相似文献
19.
Pharmacodynamics of amoxicillin against field isolates of Streptococcus parauberis from olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Ji‐Yong Park Biruk Tesfaye Birhanu Seung‐Jin Lee Na‐Hye Park Jin‐Yoon Kim Abraham Fikru Mechesso Naila Boby Seung‐Chun Park 《Aquaculture Research》2018,49(2):1060-1071
Olive flounder is the most important species for the Northeast Asian fish farming industry. However, this species is substantially affected by multiple infectious agents, including Streptococcus parauberis. Evaluation of antibiotics before their application is critical to treat infections and prevent drug resistance. Therefore, in this study, the pharmacodynamics of amoxicillin (AMX) and other antimicrobials against the planktonic‐ and biofilm‐forming bacteria were assessed. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and Time–kill curve assay were analysed using micro‐dilution method. The minimum biofilm eradicating concentration (MBEC) was determined using the Calgary Biofilm device. The effects of temperature, pH, hardness and salinity were detected for both planktonic‐ and biofilm‐forming bacteria. The MIC of AMX ranged from 0.015 to 2 μg/ml, whereas that of cephalexin (CEP), enrofloxacin (ENR) and oxytetracycline (OTC) ranged from 0.125 to 256, 0.125 to >512 and 0.25 to >512 μg/ml respectively. No bacteria were resistant against AMX, while the percentage of resistance to CEP, OTC and ENR were 68.7%, 52.6% and 11.1% respectively. The IC50 of AMX, CEP, ENR and OTC was 0.03, 0.091, 0.015 and 0.213 μg/ml respectively. The MBEC of amoxicillin against S. parauberis ranged from 0.5 to 16 μg/ml. Higher rates of bacterial growth were obtained at 30°C, pH = 8 and salinity of 7.5–10 ppt. The hardness of the media suppressed the bacterial growth. In conclusion, AMX was found to be effective against both the planktonic and the biofilm forms of the prominent fish pathogen, S. parauberis. 相似文献
20.
J. Gutiérrez J. Fernández M. Carrillo S. Zanuy J. Planas 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1987,4(3):137-141
Annual plasma insulin and glucose cycles were studied inDicentrarchus labrax maintained in either seawater (37.8) or brackish water (3.5). In both media, the highest insulin levels were found during the prespawning period (August–November) coincident to increases in weight and a decrease in plasma glucose. During spawning (December–April) and postspawning (May–July) periods, the decrease in insulin occurred at the same time as a reduction in growth and an increase of plasma glucose. Temperature and salinity conditions impeded spawning in the brackish water group, in which a minor weight loss was regained more quickly than in the sea water group; insulin levels were also higher. 相似文献