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1.
Previously, we reported that phyllochron of rice greatly fluctuated in the course of development under natural conditions. The present study was carried out to examine the phyllochron dynamics using the five near-isogenic lines (NILs) for heading time and the recurrent parent. The change of phyllochron was investigated under four different controlled conditions regarding daylength and temperature. Growth duration (days to heading) showed a large variation among different growth regimes as well as genotypes. Changes of phyllochron were evaluated in the genotypes by using a quartic polynomial regression that was well fitted to the change of phyllochron in the present controlled environments as previously observed under natural conditions. Phyllochron began to drastically increase after around the 5th phytomer order and decreased with the progress of reproductive development in similar manners under different environments. The pattern of phyllochron change varied from a flat to non-flat shape. The shape of the equation was affected by genotypes as well as daylengths and temperatures. In addition, the shape was closely related to the growth duration (days to heading) of the genotype, suggesting that the phyllochron might internally increase depending on the genotype controlling the heading date. Therefore, the present results showed that the sufficient examination of phyllochron dynamics is necessary for understanding a variation in the heading date of rice. 相似文献
2.
不同光温条件谷子光温互作模式研究及SiCCT基因表达分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
JIA Xiao-Ping YUAN Xi-Lei LI Jian-Feng WANG Yong-Fang ZHANG Xiao-Mei ZHANG Bo QUAN Jian-Zhang DONG Zhi-Ping 《作物学报》2020,46(7):1052-1062
光周期和温度是影响作物生长发育、生态适应性和产量的2个重要环境因素,揭示光温互作对作物生长发育的效应及其分子机制对育种实践和理论研究具有重要意义。本研究设置长日照高温、长日照低温、短日照高温、短日照低温4个光温处理,调查‘黄毛谷’抽穗期、株高、叶片数和穗长。结果表明,光周期对谷子的发育起关键作用,温度的改变不影响长日照比短日照延迟谷子生殖生长的效应,温度的作用随光周期的不同而异,短日照条件下,高温缩短谷子营养生长期而低温延长营养生长期,长日照条件下则相反;对谷子生殖生长的促迚作用是短日照高温短日照低温长日照低温长日照高温。利用RT-PCR技术从‘黄毛谷’叶片兊隆了一个CCT结构域基因(SiCCT),该基因编码286个氨基酸,属于CMF亚家族成员,基于CCT域基因氨基酸序列的系统迚化分析,谷子与高粱、玉米亲缘关系较近。实时荧光定量PCR分析发现, SiCCT基因在‘黄毛谷’叶片中高表达,其次为幼穗和叶鞘;长日照、短日照处理SiCCT基因均表现24h昼夜节律性特点,短日照七叶期表达水平最高,八叶期(抽穗)及穗后表达迅速降低,长日照七叶至十叶期‘黄毛谷’处于营养生长期,SiCCT基因维持较高表达水平;无论高温低温,长日照条件下SiCCT基因在各叶期表达量整体高于短日照处理,长日照条件下低温处理SiCCT基因的相对表达量明显低于高温处理, SiCCT基因的总体表达量与‘黄毛谷’营养生长期存在正相关。总之SiCCT基因受光周期调控,同时也受温度调控,因而推测SiCCT基因参与了光周期途径和感温性途径,并通过二者互作调控谷子营养生长和生殖生长的全过程。 相似文献
3.
Genetic analyses of low photoperiod sensitivity of rice cultivars from the northernmost regions of Japan 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
The genetic factors controlling the extremely low photoperiod sensitivity (PS) of rice culyibstd from the northernmost regions of Japan were studied using 26 cultivars from the Hokkaido district (42 N 45 N). They were grown under 10-h and 24-h daylengths, and their PS. expressed by the difference between the days to heading under these daylengths, was estimated. The genetic factors responsible for the intervarietal difference in PS were then analysed under 10-h, 14-h and 24-h daylengths using the progenies from crosses between Hokkaido cultivars. These results showed that a recessive gene, se-9(t), drastically reduced PS under a 24-h daylength and that several genes, including se9(t), determined the extremely low PS of the cultivars from the northernmost regions. 相似文献
4.
The repeated elements called phytomers, which consist of leaf, node, internode and axillary bud, play an important role in
the development of modular organization in plants. Rice has the striking feature that the rate of the phytomer production
is closely synchronized with the rate of leaf emergence (phyllochron). We examined developmental changes of phyllochron by
using 10 near-isogenic lines (NILs) showing diversified growth durations in rice. The NILs were established by backcrosses
with a strain practically insensitive to photoperiod, and they consisted of early- or late-flowering NILs whose differences
of growth duration were caused by the combinations of alleles at 6 loci. The developmental patterns of phyllochron were evaluated
by means of a quartic polynomial, which fitted well in most cases. The results indicated that phyllochron greatly changed
during development, especially in late-flowering NILs as well as the recurrent parents, although the fluctuation of phyllochron
was not so marked in the early-flowering NILs. Thus, the developmental change of phyllochron was highly dependent upon the
genotypes and/or growth duration; however, it was associated with neither floral initiation nor temperature, indicating that
the change of phyllochron might reflect internal or physiological changes which occur during the life cycle of rice.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
广谱稻瘟病抗性基因Pigm和Pi2的抗谱差异及与Pi1的互作效应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Pigm是Pi2基因簇的等位或紧密连锁基因。本研究构建了4个不同遗传背景下Pigm和Pi2的系列近等基因系,204个菌株苗期接种结果显示其抗性频率均超过70%,但Pigm和Pi2的抗谱重叠度仅为54.4%~65.7%,聚合Pi1/Pigm和Pi1/Pi2杂种的抗性频率均超过90%。穗瘟人工接种及病圃自然诱发鉴定表现与苗期接种一致的发病趋势。农艺性状调查结果显示获得的近等基因系与其轮回亲本基本相似,存在较少的累赘连锁。表明Pigm是一个与Pi2抗谱差异明显的广谱抗性基因,对稻瘟病抗性育种具有重要应用价值。 相似文献
6.
水稻不同基因型品种养分吸收特性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为选出适合南方稻区种植的高产、高效水稻品种,采用大田试验,以南方稻区8种水稻类别的56个水稻品种为材料,研究在相同施肥条件下不同基因型水稻品种生育过程中氮、磷、钾吸收特性,及其产量的差异。结果表明:水稻干物质和磷、钾的累积主要集中在分蘖盛期—齐穗期阶段,氮素累积集中在苗期—分蘖盛期、分蘖盛期—齐穗期这2个阶段;两系晚熟的稻谷、稻草产量和氮、磷累积总量最高,两系早熟的钾累积总量最高,分别比最低的常规早熟增加101.2%、40.9%、85.0%、48.1%、47.5%。随着生育期延长,同一系列水稻的稻谷产量和氮素累积量呈逐渐增加的趋势。稻谷产量和各个生育阶段的氮、磷、钾累积量的相关性以分蘖盛期—齐穗期最强。两系早熟的养分利用效率最低,每生产100 kg稻谷需要N、P2O5、K2O分别为2.15、0.53、3.61 kg,三系中熟的氮、磷养分利用效率最高,钾以三系晚熟最高。综上所述,适合在南方稻区种植的高产、高效品种为两系晚熟和三系中熟,同时在水稻生育过程中保证分蘖盛期—齐穗期的养分供应,就能提高水稻产量。 相似文献
7.
The inheritance of heading time of spring barley was studied in three extremely early genotypes IB, RL and ‘Mona’ (M), which is homozygous recessive for the early maturity ea8 (=eak) gene conferring extreme earliness under short daylengths and is relatively photoperiod insensitive, and five (GP, MA, PS, NU and BA) spring genotypes that are early to intermediate for heading time. Frequency distributions of F2 generations grown at Ouled Gnaou, Morocco (32°15′ N), an environment which maximizes differences between photoperiod‐insensitive and photoperiod‐sensitive genotypes, indicated that across populations many loci were segregating in a complex Mendelian manner. IB and RL were both homozygous recessive for the ea8 gene, which conferred an early heading time. RL had partially dominant alleles at second locus (Enea8), which enhanced its earliness. Recovery of only progeny within the parental range of genotypes for heading time from the crosses of RL/M and IB/M suggests that numerous loci remained suppressed, perhaps latent, given their diverse parentage. The ea8 recessive homozygote in RL suppressed another unidentified locus which, when homozygous recessive in the absence of the ea8 recessive homozygote, conferred extreme earliness in one short daylength environment (Ouled Gnaou, Morocco) but was undetected in another environment (Davis, CA, USA). Epistatic gene action and genotype × environment effects strongly influenced heading time. In addition to a genetic system consisting of single‐locus recessive homozygotes conferring photoperiod insensitivity, a second genetic system, based on dominant alleles at one or a few loci, derived from the early heading Finnish landrace ‘Olli’, also confers extremely early heading time under short daylengths and relative photoperiod insensitivity in the genotype GP. 相似文献
8.
水稻显性早熟基因Ef-cd的基因效应分析及育种应用潜力的初步评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用近等基因系,比较系统地分析了水稻Ef-cd基因的感光效应、早熟效应以及对其他主要农艺性状的影响,并对该基因的育种应用潜力进行了初步评价。结果表明Ef-cd基因是一个非感光的显性早熟基因,它能使水稻提早抽穗13~21 d,并能显著降低水稻的株高,但对有效穗、穗长、每穗总粒数、结实率和千粒重等主要农艺性状无显著影响。同时,该基因可使迟熟杂交稻的抽穗期提早13~17 d,并且通过导入该基因育成的早熟杂交稻新组合比同熟期对照显著增产,因而该基因在早熟杂交稻育种中具有较大的应用潜力。 相似文献
9.
Kenji Fujino 《Euphytica》2003,131(1):97-103
Rice is grown in diverse environments at latitudes ranging from 53°N to 40°S. In Japan, Hokkaido is the northernmost rice cultivation region(42–45°N latitude). Only extremely early maturing (heading) varieties that have extremely low photoperiod sensitivity are adapted
to this area. Heading date is the most important trait in adaptation to this particular environment. Also, the efficient manipulation
of heading date is a crucial component of rice improvement. To determine the genetic basis for heading date among cultivars
grown in Hokkaido, the heading behaviour was analyzed. Clear segregations were observed. To estimate the photoperiod sensitivity
of the genes involved, the cultivars and F1 plants from crosses between the cultivars were grown under different daylength conditions. The results indicated that the
genes controlling heading date are photoperiod sensitive, suggesting they play important roles in the northernmost rice cultivation
regions in Japan, to which only cultivars with extremely low photoperiod sensitivity are adapted.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
江苏主栽粳稻品种的遗传与食味结构分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用SSR分子标记和主要食味性状分析江苏主栽粳稻品种的食味结构。50对SSR引物中有41对存在多态性,41对多态性标记在86个品种间共扩增出113个等位基因,每个标记的等位基因数目为2~6个,平均2.76个;多态信息含量(PIC值)变异范围为0.02~0.84,平均为0.48;Nei基因多样性指数变幅在0.02~0.68之间,平均为0.37;遗传聚类分析可将86个品种分为3个类群。在正季长日照情况下,品种间直链淀粉及蛋白质含量在遗传聚类的I、II、III类中呈现出递减的趋势,食味分值则反之;而在短日照条件下,第II、第III大类型品种的直链淀粉及蛋白质含量较正季显著升高,食味值显著下降,而第I类型品种降幅不大;总体而言,江苏主栽粳稻品种的食味一般且遗传背景相近,拓宽遗传基础是培育环境钝感型优质食味粳稻的重要途径。 相似文献
11.
12.
田间低钾对不同穗型水稻钾的吸收和利用效率的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选用典型直立穗型水稻品种沈农265和半直立穗型品种辽粳294为试材,研究两品种干物质积累、钾素吸收和利用效率的差异。结果表明:田间低钾条件两品种的产量和生物量都减少,其中半直立穗型品种辽粳294减少的较多。分蘖-抽穗期是两品种钾素积累高峰期,积累钾量达到全生育期积累量的2/3左右,抽穗前半直立穗型品种辽粳294积累的多,抽穗后相反,表明直立穗型品种沈农265生育后期吸收养分数量多,根系活力强。直立穗型品种钾效率高,耐低钾能力强,耐低钾能力达到一级指标。 相似文献
13.
Sabitri is a rice variety grown in a large part of the rainfed areas of Nepal. It was originally developed for irrigated condition; hence, this variety suffers high yield decline under drought. Two QTLs, qDTY 3.2 and qDTY 12.1 , with large effects on grain yield under drought were identified in the Sabitri background in separate QTL mapping studies. The present study reports the development of Sabitri near isogenic lines (NILs) with combinations of these two QTLs and their characterization under drought. To do so, marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB) was combined with phenotypic selection to develop high-yielding drought-tolerant NILs with Sabitri grain type. Apart from this, drought-tolerant variants for grain type with high yield under non-stress were identified among the developed NILs. Early days to flowering of up to 13 days and reduction in plant height of up to 13 cm as compared to Sabitri were observed in the developed NILs. Some of these NILs showed higher yield compared to Sabitri and relatively higher tolerance to drought, indicating the capture of positive alleles and interactions during the course of selection. The developed NILs possessed high yield potential which make them suitable materials for the testing of water-saving technologies in irrigated areas. Based on their performance, these NILs can be deployed in rainfed areas in Nepal and other countries of South Asia to increase yield stability. 相似文献
14.
光、氮及其互作对超级粳稻产量和氮、磷、钾吸收的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
大田条件下以超级粳稻南粳44和宁粳3号为材料, 设置2种氮肥水平(N10: 150 kg hm-2, N20: 300 kg hm-2)和3种遮光处理(L1: 不遮光, L2: 抽穗前遮光20 d, L3: 抽穗后遮光20 d), 研究光、氮及其互作对超级粳稻产量和氮、磷、钾吸收的影响。结果表明, 同一氮肥水平下产量呈现L1>L3>L2。其中, L2使植株在拔节至抽穗阶段及抽穗期的氮、磷、钾积累量显著下降, 主要由于L2显著降低了抽穗前期的根系α-NA氧化量及根干重, 导致根系吸收养分能力下降, 最终产量显著低于L1, 达30.58%~35.26%。L3使植株在抽穗至成熟阶段及成熟期的氮、磷、钾积累量显著下降, 主要由于L3显著降低了抽穗后期的根系α-NA氧化量及根干重。尽管在抽穗后随着植株根系逐渐衰老及机能下降, L3对根系、养分吸收及最终产量的影响要小于L2, 但最终产量依然显著低于L1, 达10.91%~18.47%。L2和L3条件下, 随着氮肥水平增加, 植株根系α-NA氧化量及根干重显著增加, 导致拔节至成熟期各阶段的氮、磷、钾积累量显著增加, 最终产量及氮肥利用率显著提高。由此可见氮肥施用能部分弥补弱光逆境对超级粳稻氮、磷、钾吸收及产量的影响。 相似文献
15.
光周期对水稻源库关系的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
以4个不同类型的水稻品种,研究穗分化期间进行不同的光周期处理对源库关系的影响。结果表明,在长日照条件下,库器官发育延缓,抽穗延迟;源器官干物质生产量下降,分配至库器官中的比例减少,大量的非结构碳水化合物滞留在源器官中;库器官发育畸形,库容量下降,库器官充实受阻。不同品种间表现有异。 相似文献
16.
Global heading time data collected by the International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT) during the International Barley Yield Trials were used to assess similarity of environments, variation among cultivars, and genotype × environment interactions. Data for 29 spring barley cultivars grown in 89 environments over three years were analyzed by cluster analysis. The deviation m days to heading of the mean of 28 photoperiod sensitive cultivars from the cultivar ‘Mona’ and the mean of ‘Mona’, homozygous recessive for the eak gene conferring photoperiod insensitivity and thermal stability, were used as environmental coordinates. In addition, diversity of heading time responses among genotypes was illustrated by differences among overall means and patterns of deviation for days to heading from ‘Mona’ in selected environments. Three main clusters were identified. Mexican environments were similar to warmer Mediterranean, eastern and southern African, West Asian, and Latin American environments. Heading time responses in Syria were similar to those observed m other cool Mediterranean environments. Early heading cultivars exhibited greater variation for heading response, especially in extremely warm-and equaiorial- short daylength environments, com-pared to late heading cultivars, presumably because of larger photothermal × genotype interactions. Photoperiod flux about the winter solstice appeared to be a major environmental cue for heading time in photoperiod sensitive spring barleys. 相似文献
17.
为探讨全球气候变暖情况下,水稻高产稳产栽培技术及耐热新品种选育,以13个杂交水稻品种为材料,在田间自然条件下,研究了抽穗期高温对水稻产量的影响及其品种差异。结果表明,抽穗期温度升高会显著降低水稻产量,该时期平均温度每升高1℃会造成水稻减产15.3%。不同水稻品种对抽穗期高温的响应表现出显著的差异,父本丰新占所配组合对抽穗期高温的耐热能力较差,表现为结实率较低(40.5%～59.3%),而父本GR560所配组合对抽穗期高温有一定的耐热能力,结实率较高(64.9%～75.6%)。水稻抽穗期高温胁迫问题的解决,应侧重于培育生育期与当地栽培环境相适宜的新品种或通过种植制度调整和栽培技术创新,使其避开抽穗期高温。 相似文献
18.
以标记辅助选择改良江苏主栽粳稻品种“淮稻5号”黑条矮缩病抗性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水稻黑条矮缩病是由灰飞虱传播的一种病毒病,最近在江苏、浙江等省暴发给水稻生产造成严重威胁。本研究在前期对水稻黑条矮缩病抗性基因初步定位的基础上,针对第6染色体短臂上紧密连锁的两个抗性QTL,以抗性亲本“明恢63”为供体,感病亲本“淮稻5号”为轮回亲本,通过标记辅助选择,构建了携带目标抗性QTL的系列近等基因系。自然接种和人工接种鉴定表明新培育的近等基因系其发病率较对照轮回亲本下降25%左右,抗性得到显著改良。农艺性状调查结果显示大多数近等基因系其生育期、株高及产量构成性状等与轮回亲本相似,表明目标区段存在较少的累赘连锁。此外,对有关如何实现目标QTL的精细定位,以及利用标记辅助选择聚合多个抗性QTL培育抗病品种的策略也进行了探讨。 相似文献
19.
水稻Ef7基因控制抽穗期。本研究从我国籼稻品种龙特甫中克隆了Ef7的等位基因Ef7-l;序列比对表明,Ef7-l编码序列与日本晴Ef7相比存在5个氨基酸的差异。利用两个等位基因的序列差异,以日本晴为受体构建了含有Ef7-l的近等基因系CL63。CL63在长日照条件下比轮回亲本日本晴延迟抽穗约6 d,但在短日照条件下两者抽穗期无显著差异。田间性状分析显示Ef7-l等位基因在长日照条件下能够使植株茎秆变粗、粒重显著增加,这可能是通过上调OsPHYB的表达水平而延迟水稻抽穗期实现的。 相似文献
20.
基于季节性降雨的双季稻生育后期干湿交替灌溉对稻谷产量及品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确依靠季节性降雨实现干湿交替灌溉对双季稻生育后期的影响,研究了双季稻齐穗后0、7、14和21d（对照）停止灌溉对叶绿素含量、干物质转化、产量及品质的影响。结果显示,早稻灌浆期降雨多且雨量大,齐穗后早停止灌溉延长干湿交替灌溉时间,可显著提高叶片、茎鞘干物质转化、穗粒数和结实率,叶绿素含量降低,无效分蘖成穗减少;与对照相比,齐穗后0d停止灌溉,实收产量提高16.0%,整精米率提高8.2%。晚稻灌浆期间降雨相对偏少,适期延迟停止灌溉,可提高叶片、茎鞘干物质转化、穗粒数、结实率、千粒重及整精米率;与对照相比,齐穗后7d停止灌溉,实收产量提高11.0%,整精米率提高6.1%;垩白度、垩白粒率及透明度随停止灌溉时间提前和干湿交替灌溉时间延长而增加,胶稠度以早稻齐穗后7d和14d、晚稻齐穗后14d停止灌溉最高,所有处理对双季稻米整体品质指标等级无影响。 相似文献