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辽宁花生主栽品种(系)对褐斑病和网斑病抗性鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究旨在明确辽宁花生主栽品种(系)对花生褐斑病和网斑病的抗性,以期为抗病育种及田间病害防治提供理论依据。试验采用田间自然病圃法,对辽宁主栽的16个花生品种(系)进行了褐斑病和网斑病田间抗性鉴定。结果表明,供试花生品种(系)对两种叶部病害抗性存在显著差异,但缺乏免疫和高抗品种。对花生褐斑病抗性鉴定结果表明,‘阜花17’属抗病类型,‘鲁花11’、‘铁引花2号’、‘良青8号’、‘新花2号’和‘锦花15’属中抗类型,其余属高感或感病类型。对花生网斑病抗性鉴定结果显示:‘鲁花11’、‘铁引花2号’和‘白花生’属抗病类型,‘黑花生’、‘新花2号’、‘花育20’、‘锦花14’、‘新花1号’、‘锦花15’和‘良青8号’属中抗类型,其余属高感或感病类型。多数花生品种(系)对花生叶斑病综合抗性较差。 相似文献
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根据93个单病斑中分离的227个单孢菌株样品的分析，研究了来自同一定殖系统(同一病斑)中稻瘟病菌不同单孢菌株(同源菌株)的遗传变异。在致病性分析的样品中，仅有5个病斑分离的10个单孢菌株在所有鉴别品种上表现同源菌株有完全相同的致病反应，并且有完全相同的DNA指纹图谱带型；另有13个病斑上分离的32个单孢菌株的同源菌株不仅属于不同的生理小种，而且在1～3个单基因品种上也有不同的致病反应。用rep—PCR指纹图谱和致病型分析67个病斑的157个单孢样品中的同源菌株具有完全相同的DNA指纹图谱；13个病斑中分离的27个单孢样品中同源菌株具有显著差异的指纹图谱；8个病斑分离的27个单孢菌株样品中同一来源样品中部分样品有相同的指纹图谱带型，部分样品却有不同的指纹图谱。同源菌株之间有完全相同致病性其指纹图谱亦相同或有很小的差异；通常，致病性差异很大的同源菌株其指纹图谱差异也很大。作者认为来自同一定殖系统中的不同单孢菌株存在的遗传变异与病菌的异核现象或自然状态下不同遗传背景菌株同时侵染造成同一病斑有关。 相似文献
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为筛选高抗瓜类细菌性果斑病的西瓜资源,以24份西瓜品种资源为试材,采用苗期喷雾接种法分别接种分离自甜瓜上的瓜类嗜酸菌Acidovorax citrulli菌株pslb96和ZZ-1,鉴定各品种资源对瓜类细菌性果斑病的苗期抗性。结果表明,24份西瓜品种资源中未发现有对2株菌株表现免疫的材料,有7份资源对菌株pslb96表现高抗,12份资源对菌株ZZ-1表现高抗;9份资源对菌株pslb96表现中感或感病,7份资源对菌株ZZ-1表现中感和感病;对2株菌株均表现高抗的品种资源有野生型种质资源A9及商品种华欣、申蜜968、申选958和申抗988,占总品种资源的20.83%。部分品种资源A4、A13和申蜜7号对菌株pslb96和ZZ-1的抗性表现出明显的差异,表明相同寄主来源的2株不同菌株致病力存在差异。 相似文献
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江苏省水稻品种对水稻细菌性条斑病抗性鉴定及评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为明确江苏省水稻条斑病菌致病力分化状况和不同类型水稻品种对条斑病抗感特性,在孕穗期采用针刺接种法对徐淮稻区2007—2009年采集分离获得的45株条斑病菌进行致病力测定,根据病原菌在6个水稻鉴别品种IRBB4、IRBB5、IRBB14、IRBB21、IR24和金刚30上的抗感反应划分致病型,从中选择具有代表性的3种不同致病型条斑病菌,并鉴定了240个不同类型的水稻品种对条斑病的抗感性。根据菌株在鉴别品种上的抗感反应将供试菌株划分为8个致病型,其中优势致病型为C3致病型,所占比例为35.5%;大多数菌株与鉴别品种间表现出弱互作关系,少数菌株表现出强互作关系。粳稻品种对条斑病的抗性明显高于籼稻,但常规粳稻和杂交粳稻对强致病力菌抗性比例仅为59.8%和37.5%。表明水稻细菌性条斑病流行仍具有潜在的威胁。 相似文献
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江苏省水稻品种细菌性条斑病抗性评价与病原菌致病力分化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用针刺接种法,在水稻孕穗期接种3个不同致病型的细菌性条斑病菌,鉴定134个不同类型的水稻品种对细菌性条斑病的抗感性,并使用6个鉴别品种测定江苏徐淮地区82个细菌性条斑病菌的致病力.结果表明:粳稻品种对细菌性条斑病的抗性明显高于籼稻,常规稻和杂交稻对细菌性条斑病的抗性没有明显差异;根据病菌与鉴别品种的互作反应,将供试菌株区分为8个致病型,大多数菌株和鉴别品种表现为弱互作关系,少数菌株与鉴别品种存在强互作关系;第1致病型的菌株致病力强,6个鉴别品种均呈感病反应,并占供试菌株总数的40.2%. 相似文献
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湖南水稻主栽品种对水稻细菌性条斑病的抗性鉴定 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
2008年和2009年选用水稻细菌性条斑病菌3个致病力不同的菌株、采用针刺接种法对湖南省54个水稻主栽品种进行抗性鉴定,结果表明,供试品种对上述3个菌株的抗性存在明显差异。其中,对3个菌株均表现中抗以上水平的品种仅8个,占鉴定总数的14.8%,比例较低。对接种致病力最强菌株RSGD10后各水稻品种产生的病斑长度进行差异显著性分析,表明供试的水稻主栽品种间抗性存在显著差异。选用RSGD10喷雾接种上述品种,结果表明供试品种对条斑病的抗性差异也明显,其中,病级表现1级的品种9个,比例为16.7%。比较针刺和喷雾两种方法的抗性鉴定结果,两种方法对水稻品种抗性的鉴定结果基本一致,揭示水稻品种对条斑病的抗侵入和抗扩展呈显著相关。 相似文献
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运用随机扩增多态性DNA标记检测中国东北大豆灰斑病菌株遗传变异 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
运用致病力和DNA多态性检测中国东北地区的35个大豆灰斑病菌分离物的遗传变异、根据菌株在9个品种(系)上的致病力反应可将其分为7个组。利用13个随机引物扩增供试菌株共计产生105个RAPD标记,其中78.1%具有多态性。通过聚类分析计算了各菌株间的遗传距离,并产生树状图,发现同一地区内及不同地区间的病菌表现遗传变异、致病性和DNA多态性间具有一定相关性。 相似文献
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2013-2014年吉林省、黑龙江省烟区首次大面积发生烟草靶斑病,损失严重。采集吉林省柳河县、黑龙江省林口县和宾县的烟草靶斑病病叶进行分离纯化,得到了12个菌株。将所获菌株分别与立枯丝核菌标准融合群菌株AG-2、AG-3、AG-4进行对峙培养,结果表明:此12个菌株均与立枯丝核菌AG-3标准菌株发生融合反应,不与其他融合群发生融合;随机选取3个县各1个代表性菌株,提取菌丝基因组DNA并对其ITS序列进行分析与比对,菌株HLJ-2、JL-1、HLJ-7的ITS序列与辽宁省烟草靶斑病菌菌株LF-2、LJT-8(AG-3融合群)的同源性达99%~100%,因此推断,吉林省、黑龙江省烟草靶斑病菌与辽宁省烟草靶斑病菌应属于同一个融合群,即立枯丝核菌AG-3融合群(Rhizoctonia solani AG-3)。根据各菌株在鉴别寄主上表现的抗性不同,可将吉林省、黑龙江省所有菌株分为3个致病类型,即致病类型Ⅰ、致病类型Ⅱ和致病类型Ⅲ。同一省份不同菌株间致病力有差异,黑龙江省菌株3种致病类型均有,以致病类型Ⅱ为主;吉林省菌株只有致病类型Ⅰ和致病类型Ⅱ。分别选取3个省的强致病力菌株,用离体叶片接种法鉴定了我国21个主栽烟草品种对靶斑病的室内抗病性,结果表明:没有免疫或抗病品种,‘龙江981’、‘NC297’对供试的3个强致病力菌株均表现中抗,‘中烟202’、‘云烟97’、‘NC55’、‘KRK26’和‘G28’分别对不同菌株表现中抗。 相似文献
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为明确300g/L苯甲·丙环唑乳油对花生网斑病的田间防治效果以及对植株主要农艺性状和产量的影响,本文进行了300g/L苯甲·丙环唑乳油不同施药次数、不同施药浓度以及与生长调节剂混用配施对花生网斑病的田间防效试验。结果表明,300g/L苯甲·丙环唑乳油3 000倍施药3~5次田间防效无显著差异,均可达到67%以上;采用稀释浓度1 500倍和3 000倍从发病初期开始连续施用3次防治效果较好,防效分别为71.19%和67.90%;300g/L苯甲·丙环唑乳油与植物生长调节剂混配试验结果表明,3 000倍液于花生网斑病发生初期配施0.136%赤·吲乙·芸苔8 000倍液1次,随后每隔10d喷施300g/L苯甲·丙环唑EC 1次,连续施药2次,其防治效果高于其他处理,为78.28%;同时具有显著增产作用,较对照增产47.45%。 相似文献
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花生褐斑病和网斑病田间混发流行过程及其产量损失研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过田间小区人工接种试验,分析比较了花生褐斑病和网斑病单独及混合发生的流行过程及对花生产量损失的影响。结果表明,在病害混发初期,病害间无明显的相关性,随着病情加重,病害间的负相关性逐渐增大并达到显著水平,说明病害间有明显的抑制作用。在不同生育期接种发病情况有所差异,在开花初期和盛花期接种,褐斑病和网斑病的病情较重,而在开花末期接种的病情较轻,但都能表现病害间的抑制作用。病害混发时造成的产量损失小于各病害单独造成损失之和,对白沙1016和四粒红接种2种病菌,病害混合发生所造成产量损失约为各病害单独引起损失之和的77.2% ~ 85.7%和76.1% ~ 79.6%。在不同生育期接种2种病菌,2个品种产量的损失均随着侵染时期的推迟而逐渐降低。 相似文献
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棉花黄萎病菌不同致病力类型在江苏省的分布 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
1982—1985年,对江苏省83个棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae Kleb.)菌株进行了致病力的测定,其中致病力强的落叶型菌株13个,占测定菌株数的15.7％,主要分布在南通县恒兴乡和常熟市徐市乡、董浜乡;致病力中等的叶枯型菌株45个、致病力弱的黄斑型菌株25个,分别占测定菌株数的54.2％和30.1％,这两类菌株广泛分布江苏省各主要产棉区。试验表明棉花抗病品种“4278”是一个比较理想的鉴别寄主,对3种致病力类型的菌株的鉴别力都比较强。无论从棉花上或者从其它植物上都可以得到对棉花致病力不同的菌株,只是各类型菌株所占的比例有所不同。 相似文献
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Yunpeng Gai Qiaowen Deng Xinglong Chen Mingfang Guan Xiang Xiao Dagao Xu Mingguang Deng Ruqian Pan 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2017,83(5):273-282
Calonectria ilicicola Boedijin & Reitsma (anamorph: Cylindrocladium parasiticum Crous, Wingfield & Alfennas) is an important pathogen worldwide, which causes Cylindrocladium black rot (CBR) in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) and red crown rot (RCR) in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. We isolated the CBR and RCR pathogens from heavily diseased peanut and soybean fields in southern China and assessed their pathogenicity. Two inoculation methods were applied separately to evaluate the pathogenicity of different C. ilicicola strains on peanut cultivar Yueyou 13. Our results indicate that the Chinese C. ilicicola strains exhibited a range of virulence on peanut, with strains of soybean origin exhibiting a weak virulence relative to strains isolated from peanut. Multilocus sequence type analysis indicates that the C. ilicicola strains partitioned into two distinct clades, which were heavily structured based on geographical origin. Phylogenetic results demonstrated that the origins of C. ilicicola in southern China were multiple. This study also revealed that the backgrounds of CBR pathogens may be different from those of RCR pathogens. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Sixty Ecuadorian isolates of Phytophthora infestans from potato and 60 isolates from tomato were compared for dilocus allozyme genotype, mitochondrial DNA haplotype, mating type, and specific virulence on 11 potato R-gene differential plants and four tomato cultivars, two of which contained different Ph genes. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) fingerprints of subsamples of isolates from each host were compared by using RG57 as the probe. All potato isolates had the allozyme genotype, haplotype, and mating type of the clonal lineage EC-1, which had been previously described in Ecuador. With the same markers, only one isolate from tomato was classified as EC-1; all others belonged to the globally distributed US-1 clonal lineage. RFLP fingerprints of isolate subsets corroborated this clonal lineage classification. Specific virulence on potato differentials was broadest among potato isolates, while specific virulence on tomato cultivars was broadest among tomato isolates. Some tomato isolates infected all tomato differentials but no potato differentials, indicating that specific virulence for the two hosts is probably controlled by different avirulence genes in P. infestans. In two separate experiments, the diameters of lesions caused by nine isolates from potato and 10 from tomato were compared on three tomato and three potato cultivars. All isolates produced larger lesions on the host from which they were isolated. No isolates were found that were highly aggressive on both tomato and potato. We conclude that there are two different populations of P. infestans in Ecuador and that they are separated by host. 相似文献
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Dalphy O. C. Harteveld Olufemi A. Akinsanmi André Drenth 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2014,139(4):789-799
Four Alternaria species groups (A. longipes, A. arborescens, A. alternata/A. tenuissima and A. tenuissima/A. mali) are associated with leaf blotch and fruit spot of apple in Australia. There is no information on the variability of pathogenicity among the species and isolates within each species causing leaf blotch or fruit spot. We used a detached leaf assay and an in planta fruit inoculation assay to determine the pathogenicity and virulence of the four Alternaria species. Our results showed that isolates within the same species were not specific to either leaf or fruit tissue and showed great variability in pathogenicity and virulence, indicating cross-pathogenicity, which may be isolate dependent rather than species dependent. Generally, virulence of A. tenuissima and A. alternata isolates on leaf and fruit was higher than other species. Isolates of all species groups were pathogenic on leaves of different cultivars, but pathogenicity on fruit of different cultivars varied among isolates and species. Implications of our findings on prevalence of the diseases in different apple-producing regions in Australia and the development of targeted disease management of the diseases are discussed. 相似文献
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Soil bacterial communities have significant influence on soilborne plant pathogens and, thus, crop health. The present study focuses on ribotyping soil bacterial communities in different peanut-cropping sequences in Alabama. The objective was to identify changes in microbial assemblages in response to cropping sequences that can play a role in managing soilborne plant pathogens in peanut. Four peanut-cropping sequences were sampled at the Wiregrass Research Station, Headland, AL in 2006 and 2007, including continuous peanut, 4 years of bahiagrass followed by peanut, peanut-cotton, and peanut-corn-cotton. Soil sampling was done at early and mid-season and at harvest. Bacterial community structure was assessed using ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) combined with 16S rRNA cloning and sequencing. RISA results indicated >70% dissimilarities among different cropping sequences. However, 90% similarities were noticed among replicated plots of the same cropping sequences. Cropping sequences and time of soil sampling had considerable effect on soil microbial community structure. Bahiagrass rotation with peanut was found to have the highest bacterial diversity, as indicated by a high Shannon Weaver Diversity index. Overall, higher bacterial diversity was observed with bahiagrass and corn rotations compared with continuous peanut. The bacterial divisions Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinomycetes were the predominant bacterial phyla found in all peanut-cropping sequences. The Proteobacteria taxa in these soils were negatively correlated with the abundance of members of division Firmicutes but, conversely, had a significant positive correlation with Gemmatimonadetes taxa. The prevalence of the division Actinomycetes was negatively correlated with the relative abundance of members of division Verrucomicrobia. These results indicate complex interactions among soil bacteria that are important contributors to crop health. 相似文献
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为了解黑龙江省水稻穗褐变病主要病原菌侵染时期及致病性情况,分别于水稻破口期、扬花期、乳熟初期采用禾谷镰孢Fusarium graminearum、链格孢Alternaria alternata、稻黑孢Nigrospora oryzae、黑附球霉Epicoccum nigrum对水稻穗进行注射和喷雾接种。结果表明,4种病原菌在水稻破口后即可侵染稻穗使谷粒颖壳变褐。注射接种稻穗谷粒褐变重于喷雾接种。4种病原菌的致病力存在明显差异,禾谷镰孢致病力最强,链格孢的致病力弱于禾谷镰孢。 相似文献