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马铃薯产业是甘肃省定西市的特色主导产业,在农村经济发展中占有重要比重。为进一步优化品种结构,于2021～2022年在定西市以‘陇薯6号’为对照,对参试的12个马铃薯品种的物候期、田间性状、产量、品质和抗病性进行了2年的测定和评价。参试品种的熟性为中熟、中晚熟、晚熟和极晚熟。各品种出苗率均在84.7%～100%。‘14W-3’‘天薯17号’‘百泉1号’2年综合表现为抗病性强。2021年参试品种产量最高的是‘14W-3’和‘百泉1号’,分别为56 936和56 236 kg/hm2,较对照‘陇薯6号’分别增产42.10%和40.35%;‘F1-1-42’‘京张薯1号‘’天薯18号’产量分别为46 469,46 336和42 869 kg/hm2,较对照‘陇薯6号’分别增产15.98%、15.64%、6.99%。2022年产量最高的是‘百泉1号’,为71 087 kg/hm2,较对照‘陇薯6号’增产72.26%;其次为‘陇薯20号’,产量为57 253 kg/hm2,较对照‘陇薯6号’增产38.73%;‘... 相似文献
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为筛选适应马铃薯主粮化战略需求的高产多抗优质马铃薯新品种,以定西市主栽品种‘新大坪’、‘陇薯6号’为对照,对10个引进品种进行比较试验,综合比较分析了各品种的生物学特性、丰产性、抗逆性、商品性和营养品质等性状。结果表明,‘青薯9号’、‘冀张薯8号’和‘陇薯10号’3个品种产量较高,分别为55774,46904和45982 kg/hm^2,较‘新大坪’分别增产21280,12410和11488 kg/hm^2,增产率分别为61.7%,36.0%和33.3%;较‘陇薯6号’分别增产21042,12172和11250 kg/hm^2,增产率分别为60.6%,35.0%和32.4%。这3个品种抗旱抗病性强,商品性、营养品质较好,符合马铃薯主粮化品种要求,具有良好的主粮化开发前景,可在干旱半干旱地区大面积示范种植。 相似文献
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张掖市高淀粉马铃薯新品种比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国马铃薯》2016,(2)
为筛选出适宜张掖市种植的高产优质高淀粉马铃薯新品种,2014年引进10个马铃薯新品种(系)以‘陇薯3号’为对照进行了品种比较试验。结果表明,‘陇薯9号’、‘青薯10号’田间长势强、商品性好,块茎产量和淀粉产量高。‘陇薯9号’淀粉产量15 328 kg/hm~2,较对照‘陇薯3号’增产49.78%;‘青薯10号’淀粉产量15 188 kg/hm~2,较对照‘陇薯3号’增产48.41%。因此,这2个品种适宜在张掖市推广种植。 相似文献
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干旱半干旱区马铃薯新品种(系)对比试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国马铃薯》2018,(6)
为筛选适宜定西市安定区生产种植的高产、优质、抗病的马铃薯新品种,试验引进了9个马铃薯品种(系),以‘陇薯6号’为对照,进行了对比试验。结果表明,‘青薯9号’产量最高,为42 305 kg/hm~2,较对照‘陇薯6号’高7 162 kg/hm~2,增产20.38%,其次是‘冀张薯8号’,产量为37 394 kg/hm~2,较对照增产6.41%。‘农天2号’产量最低,为24 579 kg/hm~2,较对照减产30.06%。参试的9个马铃薯品种(系)中,‘青薯9号’田间长势、抗病性和产量表现突出,其次是‘冀张薯8号’,可在定西市安定区大面积试种。 相似文献
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《中国马铃薯》2021,(3)
马铃薯是甘肃省旱作区的优势农作物,优良品种的应用是当地马铃薯产业增效的首要因素。引进18个马铃薯新品种在庄浪县旱地梯田进行品种比较试验,采用当地主栽品种‘克新2号’为早熟对照品种、‘庄薯3号’为晚熟对照品种,以筛选适宜甘肃陇东干旱半干旱区推广种植的马铃薯新品种。结果表明,‘华颂7号’‘中薯9号’和‘华颂11号’综合经济性状优良,生育期短,抗晚疫病,在参试早熟品种中产量最高,分别为33 932,29 544和27 638 kg/hm~2,分别较对照‘克新2号’增产9 081,4 693和2 787 kg/hm~2,增产率分别为36.54%,18.88%和11.21%,可作为早熟品种在庄浪县及同类生态区域推广种植;‘DS8’‘中薯19号’和‘陇薯6号’综合性状优良,生育期适中,在参试晚熟品种中产量居前三位,分别为40 499,35 850和35 790 kg/hm~2,分别较对照‘庄薯3号’增产5 400,751和691 kg/hm~2,增产率分别为15.39%,2.14%和1.97%,可作为晚熟品种在庄浪县及同类生态区域推广种植。 相似文献
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旱区马铃薯新品种筛选试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《中国马铃薯》2016,(4)
引进了11个马铃薯新品种,以当地品种‘定薯1号’为对照,对物候期、经济性状、产量及块茎品质进行了评价。各引进品种均较对照增产,其中‘鄂马铃薯5号’、‘宁薯14号’、‘中薯21号’和‘冀张薯8号’产量分别为44 933,39 224,37 501和36 270 kg/hm~2,较对照‘定薯1号’分别增产72.1%、50.3%、43.7%和39.0%,且综合性状表现较好,建议作为主粮化加工薯大面积推广种植;‘鄂马铃薯5号’和‘青薯10号’产量高,淀粉、干物质及粗蛋白含量高,还原糖含量较低,适合全粉加工;其他品种继续评价。 相似文献
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《中国马铃薯》2021,(4)
随着承德地区马铃薯产业不断发展,马铃薯品种混杂、品种退化严重、抗病性弱等问题日益凸显。为解决这些问题,以‘冀张薯12号’为对照选取承德生产上10个主栽品种及从荷兰引进的3个新品种,对植物学特征、生育期、经济性状、抗病性及产量性状进行研究。结果表明,‘V10’‘806’‘F’抗病性好,块茎产量较对照品种‘冀张薯12号’分别增产44.1%、31.4%、18.6%,能满足承德马铃薯产业发展需求。新引进品种‘Challenger’抗病性优良,较对照品种增产13.4%,建议在承德地区继续试验示范。新引进品种‘Tauras’抗病性表现优异,可作为抗病育种的优势亲本材料。 相似文献
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西北旱区马铃薯新品种引进及筛选试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
《中国马铃薯》2017,(5):263-267
马铃薯优良品种缺乏是制约西北马铃薯产业发展的主要因素,为筛选出适宜西北干旱半干旱区气候特点的高产、优质马铃薯新品种,2015年定西市农业科学研究院从全国马铃薯科研院所引进6个新品种,以‘青薯9号’为对照(CK),进行田间比较试验。结果表明,‘中薯20号’表现出较高的适应性和高产性,产量达到2 633 kg/667m2,较对照增产11.95%,商品薯率高,在定西市可作为潜在主推品种。 相似文献
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半干旱区马铃薯品种抗病性和产量田间试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国马铃薯》2016,(2)
为加快抗病性新品种更新换代步伐,通过对引进的5个马铃薯品种及当地对照品种‘新大坪’进行生物学特性、适应性、抗病性和丰产性等综合农艺性状的比较试验,筛选适宜安定区种植的马铃薯抗病新品种。结果表明,‘青薯9号’对马铃薯早疫病及晚疫病的抗病性均表现最好,田间长势表现好,且产量最高(31 432 kg/hm2),适宜在半干旱区大面积推广种植。 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
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Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献