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1.
利用气相色谱-火焰光度检测器 (GC-FPD) 测定了马拉硫磷在西葫芦中的残留量,根据2016年湖南、山东、北京、安徽、山西和黑龙江6地马拉硫磷在西葫芦中的规范性残留试验,对中国各类人群和不同作物中的马拉硫磷进行了膳食风险评估。样品用乙腈提取,丙酮置换乙腈后,GC-FPD检测。结果表明:在0.02~8.0 mg/kg添加水平下,马拉硫磷在西葫芦中的回收率在88%~109%之间,相对标准偏差 (RSD) 为5%,定量限 (LOQ) 为0.02 mg/kg。湖南和山东的消解动态试验结果显示,马拉硫磷的半衰期为2.74~4.65 d,属于易降解农药;6地的最终残留试验结果表明,距最后一次施药3、5、7 d后,西葫芦中马拉硫磷的最终残留量在 < 0.02~0.049 mg/kg之间。针对西葫芦的膳食风险评估结果显示,中国各类人群对马拉硫磷的国家估计每日摄入量 (NEDI) 为0.115~0.207 μg/(kg bw·d),风险商值 (RQ) 为0.000 4~0.000 7;全膳食暴露风险评估结果显示,马拉硫磷在各类食物中的NEDI值为82.251 μg/(kg bw·d),RQ值为0.275 1,表明马拉硫磷在西葫芦中的长期膳食摄入风险较低。推荐中国马拉硫磷在西葫芦上的最大残留限量值 (MRL) 为0.1 mg/kg,可确保中国西葫芦的食用安全性。  相似文献   

2.
叶菌唑在小麦中的残留消解及膳食风险评价   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  
为评价叶菌唑在小麦中的残留行为及其产生的膳食摄入风险,于北京、安徽及黑龙江进行了1年3地田间试验,建立了叶菌唑在小麦中的残留分析方法,并对我国不同人群的膳食暴露风险进行了评价。样品用乙腈提取,经Florisil固相萃取柱净化,气相色谱-氮磷检测器(GC-NPD)检测,外标法定量。结果表明:在0.02~10 mg/kg的添加水平下,叶菌唑在小麦籽粒和植株中的平均回收率在81%~101%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在2.1%~9.1%之间;其在小麦籽粒和植株中的定量限(LOQ)分别为0.02和0.04 mg/kg。叶菌唑在小麦植株中的消解符合一级动力学方程,半衰期为4.9~7.3 d。收获时小麦籽粒中叶菌唑的最大残留量为0.037 mg/kg,低于美国和欧盟设定的最大残留限量(MRL)0.15 mg/kg。针对我国不同人群的膳食摄入及风险评估暴露,风险商值(RQ)在0.001~0.002之间,表明叶菌唑在小麦中的膳食摄入风险较低。  相似文献   

3.
建立了采用高效液相色谱-紫外检测器(HPLC-VWD)检测二氰蒽醌和吡唑醚菌酯在枣中残留量的分析方法,研究了两者在枣中的消解动态、最终残留水平以及膳食摄入风险。样品加盐酸后,用乙腈匀浆提取,Florisil柱净化,HPLC-VWD检测,外标法定量。运用慢性膳食摄入风险(%ADI)和急性膳食摄入风险(%ARf D)对二氰蒽醌和吡唑醚菌酯在不同人群的急(慢)性膳食摄入风险进行了估计。结果表明:在0.1~5 mg/kg添加水平下,二氰蒽醌和吡唑醚菌酯在枣中的平均回收率在76%~112%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.1%~9.6%之间;两种农药在枣中的定量限(LOQ)均为0.1 mg/kg。消解动态试验结果表明:二氰蒽醌和吡唑醚菌酯在枣中的消解动态符合一级动力学方程,其消解半衰期分别为1.5~2.5 d和12.4~18.4 d。最终残留试验结果表明:二氰蒽醌和吡唑醚菌酯在枣中的最终残留量分别为0.1~3.83和0.1~3.07 mg/kg。对2~6、7~14、18~30和60~70岁4类人群进行急(慢)性膳食摄入风险评估结果显示:施药后7 d,枣中吡唑醚菌酯的残留量对2~6岁的幼儿存在不可接受的急性膳食摄入风险,其他人群的急(慢)性膳食摄入风险较低;二氰蒽醌在施药后7、14和21 d,吡唑醚菌酯在14和21 d对4类人群的急(慢)性膳食摄入风险均在可接受范围之内。本研究结果表明:采用16%唑醚·氰蒽醌水分散粒剂防治枣树炭疽病,用药量为2.67 g/kg,施药间隔期7 d,最大施药次数3次,采收间隔期14 d,收获期的枣对各类人群的膳食摄入风险较小。  相似文献   

4.
为评价虫螨腈及其代谢物溴代吡咯腈在芥菜中的残留行为与膳食摄入风险,在山西、北京、吉林、河南、安徽、贵州6地进行了规范残留试验,建立了快速、简便的检测芥菜中虫螨腈残留的气相色谱-串联质谱(GC-MS/MS)方法及检测芥菜中溴代吡咯腈残留的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)方法,研究了虫螨腈及溴代吡咯腈在芥菜中的最终残留和消解动态,并就两种农药对中国不同人群的长期及短期膳食摄入风险进行了评估。结果表明:在0.01~30 mg/kg添加水平范围内,虫螨腈及溴代吡咯腈的平均回收率分别在89%~105%和97%~104%之间,相对标准偏差 (RSD) 分别在2%~4%和1%~3%之间;两种化合物在芥菜叶和根中的检测方法定量限 (LOQ) 均为0.01 mg/kg。虫螨腈在芥菜叶中的消解动态符合一级反应动力学方程,消解半衰期为4.2~5.9 d;溴代吡咯腈的消解动态因拟合曲线符合性太差无法进行一级反应动力学方程拟合。100 g/L虫螨腈悬浮剂以推荐最高剂量(有效成分105 g/hm2)施药2次、施药间隔期5 d、采收间隔期14 d,膳食消费量为97.5%位点处,芥菜叶中虫螨腈残留对3~5岁儿童和普通人群长期膳食摄入风险的贡献率分别为0.49%和2.47%,说明通过芥菜摄入虫螨腈及其代谢物残留对人体产生的长期膳食摄入风险较小;而短期膳食摄入风险评估结果表明,芥菜叶中虫螨腈对中国1~6岁儿童和普通人群均存在不可接受的短期膳食摄入风险,且对1~6岁儿童的风险远高于对普通人群。选择不同施药方式下的最终残留量数据进行评估,将可能导致风险评估结果产生较大差异,施药剂量或施药次数的增加会大幅提高农药残留的短期膳食摄入风险,建议可通过延长采收间隔期的方法降低农药的短期膳食摄入风险水平。  相似文献   

5.
呋虫胺在水稻中的残留消解及膳食风险评估   总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2  
为评价呋虫胺在水稻中的残留消解行为和产生的膳食摄入风险,分别于2012和2013年在安徽、重庆和广西进行了规范残留试验,建立了高效液相色谱-紫外检测器(HPLC-UV)检测呋虫胺在水稻糙米、稻壳和植株中残留的分析方法,并对我国不同人群的膳食暴露风险进行了评估。样品经乙腈提取、Florisil柱层析净化,高效液相色谱-紫外检测器检测,外标法定量。结果表明:呋虫胺在糙米、稻壳和植株中的定量限(LOQ)均为0.05 mg/kg。在0.05~2 mg/kg添加水平下,呋虫胺的平均回收率在70%~100%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.5%~6.5%之间。呋虫胺在水稻植株中的消解符合一级动力学方程,半衰期为2.3~4.8 d,距末次施药后7 d糙米中的最大残留量为0.53 mg/kg,低于日本和国际食品法典委员会(CAC)规定的最大残留限量2和8 mg/kg。膳食摄入风险评价结果显示:我国各类人群的呋虫胺国家估计每日摄入量(NEDI)为0.438~1.087 μg/(kg bw·d),风险商值(RQ)为0.002~0.005,表明呋虫胺在糙米中的长期膳食摄入风险较低。  相似文献   

6.
在湖南和山东开展了10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂在芹菜上的残留田间试验，在室内进行了土壤生物的急性毒性试验。基于苯醚甲环唑的残留试验数据和毒性端点值，就苯醚甲环唑对中国不同人群的长期及短期膳食摄入风险和对土壤生物的环境风险进行了评估。结果表明:苯醚甲环唑在芹菜叶、茎和土壤中的消解半衰期分别为5.2~8.8 d、8.0~8.2 d和13.6~15.0 d。苯醚甲环唑按推荐剂量有效成分120 g/hm2喷雾施药3次，施药间隔期5 d，距最后一次施药5 d收获时苯醚甲环唑在芹菜叶片中的残留量高于MRL (3 mg/kg，中国)，在茎和整株芹菜中的残留量均低于MRL。普通人群和1~6岁儿童的短期摄入风险商 (RQa) 值分别为0.09和0.10；对于不同人群，芹菜中苯醚甲环唑对长期膳食摄入风险商的贡献率 (RQc%) 为9.4%~19.8%。10% 苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂对环境中的土壤生物风险商 (RQe) 值为0.368~0.890，不会产生初级急性风险。  相似文献   

7.
建立了一种简便、高效的QuEChERS前处理结合高效液相色谱-串联质谱 (HPLC-MS/MS) 检测韭菜中腐霉利残留量的方法。于2019年在中国黑龙江、辽宁、河南、山东、安徽、湖南、广西及福建8地开展了田间规范残留试验,研究了腐霉利在韭菜中的残留风险,并进行了韭菜中腐霉利残留的长期膳食暴露评估。样品采用乙腈提取,N-丙基乙二胺 (PSA) 和石墨化碳黑 (GCB) 净化,HPLC-MS/MS检测,外标法定量。结果表明:在添加水平为0.02~20 mg/kg范围内,腐霉利在韭菜中的回收率为74%~98%,相对标准偏差 (RSD) 为4.6%~9.9%,定量限 (LOQ) 为0.02 mg/kg。50%腐霉利可湿性粉剂以有效成分450 g/hm2的剂量于韭菜灰霉病发病初期或前期施药1次,施药后间隔30 d采样,腐霉利在韭菜中的最终残留量为0.04~1.06 mg/kg。长期膳食暴露评估结果显示:腐霉利的国家估算每日摄入量 (NEDI) 为2.5562 mg,风险商值 (RQ) 为40.6%,表明腐霉利在韭菜中的长期膳食摄入风险较低。  相似文献   

8.
建立了茄子中多效唑残留的分析方法,开展了规范残留试验并监测了多效唑对茄子生长和品质的影响,同时对茄子中多效唑残留带来的急性膳食摄入风险进行了评估。样品经乙酸-乙腈提取,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）检测,外标法定量。结果表明:在0.02~5.0 mg/L范围内多效唑的质量浓度与对应的峰面积间线性关系良好,方法的检出限（LOD）为0.005 mg/kg,在茄子中的定量限（LOQ）为0.02 mg/kg。在0.02、0.10和0.20 mg/kg 3个添加水平下,多效唑在茄子中的回收率为88%~92%,相对标准偏差为5.1%~6.9%。其消解规律符合一级动力学方程,半衰期为1.45 d,正常收获期茄子中的最大残留量为0.02 mg/kg。多效唑可矮化茄子植株,增加产量,提高Vc、可溶性糖和黄酮含量,推荐使用剂量为有效成分12g/hm2,喷施2次。茄子中多效唑残留对中国各类人群的膳食摄入暴露量为0.70~1.9 μg/（kgbw·d）,仅占ARfD的0.70%~1.9%,在可接受范围内,说明茄子中多效唑残留带来的膳食摄入风险极低。  相似文献   

9.
马拉硫磷在柑桔和土壤中的残留消解动态   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
采用气相色谱(GC-NPD)测定了马拉硫磷在柑桔及土壤中的消解动态和最终残留。样品用丙酮提取,经液液萃取净化,气相色谱氮磷检测器检测,外标法定量。结果表明:马拉硫磷在桔皮、桔肉、柑桔全果(果皮、果肉)和土壤中的添加回收率在0.05~1 mg/kg水平时分别为 90.1%~97.1%、85.0% ~89.0%、85.3% ~90.5% 和 85.8% ~90.0%;相对标准偏差分别为2.06% ~ 6.79%、4.00% ~7.57%、2.47% ~4.74 和 4.94% ~7.06%。马拉硫磷的最小检出量为 1.79×10-11 g, 在土壤和柑桔全果中的最低检出浓度分别为 0.013 和0.009 mg/kg。马拉硫磷在柑桔全果和土壤中的半衰期分别为 7.86~12.16 d 和 1.0~2.0 d;施药浓度为推荐剂量,最多3次,最后一次施药距采收间隔期为 20 d时,在收获的柑桔桔皮中马拉硫磷的残留量为 0.026~0.117 mg/kg,桔肉中的残留量低于最低检测浓度。  相似文献   

10.
建立了噻唑磷在甘蔗和土壤中的残留分析方法,并在广东和广西2地进行了10%噻唑磷颗粒剂在甘蔗上残留的田间试验,研究了噻唑磷在甘蔗和土壤中的消解动态和最终残留量,并对甘蔗中噻唑磷可能产生的膳食摄入风险进行了评估。甘蔗样本用乙腈提取,氨基固相萃取小柱净化,采用气相色谱-火焰光度检测器 (GC-FPD) 检测。结果表明:在0.01、0.1和1 mg/kg添加水平下,噻唑磷在甘蔗中的平均回收率为83%～84%,相对标准偏差 (RSD) 为2.6%～3.4%;在土壤中的平均回收率为84%～86%,RSD为4.1%～6.7%。噻唑磷检出限 (LOD) 和定量限 (LOQ) 均为0.01 mg/kg。田间试验结果表明:10%噻唑磷颗粒剂在广东和广西甘蔗中的消解不符合一级反应动力学方程,没有显著的消解规律,呈现的特点是浓度由小到大再变小的趋势,施药后14～21 d甘蔗中噻唑磷的残留量达到最大值0.027 mg/kg;噻唑磷在土壤中消解符合一级反应动力学方程,半衰期为8.6～9.6 d,属易降解农药;噻唑磷在甘蔗和土壤中的最终残留量均小于0.01 mg/kg。膳食摄入风险评估结果表明:甘蔗中噻唑磷对人群的急性膳食摄入风险值为225%,急性膳食摄入风险较大,还需进一步结合噻唑磷在人体内的代谢行为等数据进行综合评估;慢性膳食摄入风险值为57%,表明按照推荐剂量施用10%噻唑磷颗粒剂,慢性膳食摄入风险较低,对消费者健康是安全的。  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively). Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr s ,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr s ,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles.  相似文献   

12.
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams.  相似文献   

13.
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids.  相似文献   

14.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented, including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006.  相似文献   

15.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies   总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18  
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text.  相似文献   

16.
《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad  相似文献   

17.
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes.  相似文献   

18.
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5 end within the PVYN strain.  相似文献   

19.
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.  相似文献   

20.
Liriomyza cicerina (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is an important pest on chickpea in Turkey. The objective of this study was to determine the parasitoids and rates of parasitism ofL. cicerina on chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during the 2005 and 2006 seasons in ?anl?urfa province, Turkey. Leaves with mines were sampled weekly and kept in the laboratory to observe and count emerging leafminer and parasitoid adults. Eight parasitoid species were collected: the braconidsOpius monilicornis Fischer andOpius tersus Foerster and the eulophidsDiaulinopsis arenaria (Erdös) andNeochrysocharis formosa (Westwood), which occurred in both the winter and summer seasons;Diglyphus crassinervis Erdös,Neochrysocharis ambitiosa Hansson,Neochrysocharis sericea (Erdös) andPediobius metallicus (Nees), which occurred only in the summer growing areas.Diaulinopsis arenaria was the predominant parasitoid with 4–7.7% parasitism rate whileN. ambitiosa andO. monilicornis were the second and third most predominant species. The results of these trials show that sinceDia. arenaria occurred throughout every season, it could potentially be used for control of the leafminerL. cicerina.  相似文献   

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