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马铃薯腐烂茎线虫Ditylenchus destructor Thorne是我国重要的检疫性病原线虫。为筛选对该线虫具有高效引诱活性的物质,本研究利用水琼脂平板法测试了不同真菌及其培养滤液对马铃薯腐烂茎线虫的引诱作用。结果表明,线虫对不同测试真菌趋性不同,其中对灰葡萄孢的趋性最强。在处理36 h后灰葡萄孢菌饼对线虫诱集率达到15%,其培养滤液对线虫的诱集率为8%,显著高于相应的禾谷镰刀菌、半裸镰刀菌处理与对照。灰葡萄孢对线虫的引诱作用随着处理时间延长而增加,处理96 h后灰葡萄孢菌片诱集到的线虫数为78头,引诱率为26%。经80℃加热120 min后灰葡萄孢菌饼对线虫的引诱能力未显著降低,说明灰葡萄孢中对线虫具诱引活性的物质对热稳定。灰葡萄孢正丁醇和乙醇提取物对线虫诱集率分别为11.6%和11.0%,显著高于石油醚提取物和甲醇对照。本研究可为开发马铃薯腐烂茎线虫防治新策略奠定基础。 相似文献
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为探究异辛醇对灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinerea的抑制机理,采用双皿对扣法测定了异辛醇对灰葡萄孢的抑菌效果,利用扫描电镜技术观察了异辛醇处理后灰葡萄孢菌丝的形态变化,测定异辛醇对灰葡萄孢细胞膜胞外电导率和麦角甾醇合成的影响,并基于转录组测序技术（RNA sequencing,RNA-Seq）分析了异辛醇处理对灰葡萄孢的影响。结果表明：异辛醇对灰葡萄孢菌丝的抑菌率为67.92%。经异辛醇处理后,灰葡萄孢菌丝出现大量畸形、不规则变形扭曲,细胞膜通透性增加。异辛醇处理4、5和6 d后,细胞膜麦角甾醇的含量分别降低44.35%、38.82%和42.43%;蛋白质浓度分别降低65.70%、77.93%和58.57%。转录组测序共得到577个差异表达基因（DEGs）,其中312个基因表达量上调,265个基因表达量下调。通过同源蛋白簇（COG）、基因本体论（GO）和京都基因与基因组百科全书（KEGG）功能分析,发现参与膜整体组分、麦角甾醇生物合成途径、氨基酸代谢和核糖体生物发生通路中的DEGs均显著下调,表明异辛醇可能通过影响灰葡萄孢的麦角甾醇含量、能量的产生和核糖体结构,从而起到对灰葡萄孢的... 相似文献
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花生茎线虫Ditylenchus arachis是危害花生的重要病原线虫。本研究通过测试不同真菌和培养温度对花生茎线虫繁殖力的影响,以探讨该线虫在室内的培养条件。研究结果表明:花生茎线虫在长柄链格孢、茄镰孢、尖镰孢和灰葡萄孢上均能完成生活史并进行繁殖,但不同真菌上培养线虫的效果不同。其中长柄链格孢的培养效果最好,培养30d后的总虫量和繁殖系数分别为37 292条和1 243倍;灰葡萄孢的培养效果最差,30d后的总虫量和繁殖系数仅为1 514条和50倍。25~30℃是花生茎线虫的适宜培养温度,30℃时为最佳温度;当温度低于20℃或高于35℃时线虫繁殖效果差。此方法繁殖的线虫可用于花生茎线虫生物学、遗传学等方面的研究。 相似文献
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松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)是一种对我国林业危害极大的外来入侵种,具有繁殖力强,扩散范围广的特点。为探究松材线虫的发育调控机制,本研究通过转录组分析和实时荧光定量PCR技术,比较了不同虫态松材线虫发育差异表达基因及功能富集分析。利用LC/MS技术检测了松材线虫代谢物中的蛔甙成分及含量。结果显示:繁殖型和扩散型虫态的差异表达基因主要与滞育和发育调控相关。繁殖型虫态的daf-9基因表达水平显著高于扩散型松材线虫,扩散型LIV期线虫的daf-12、daf-2及daf-16基因表达量显著高于繁殖型松材线虫。Ln和LIII的蛔甙成分比较分析结果显示:繁殖型松材线虫短链蛔甙asc-C3、asc-ΔC7含量显著高于扩散型松材线虫,长链蛔甙asc-C9含量低于扩散型松材线虫。推测松材线虫DAFs基因与蛔甙可能参与松材线虫扩散型虫态的形成。 相似文献
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树栖真菌对扩散型松材线虫生活史的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
松材线虫病是一种涉及多个生物因子的复杂病害系统,其病原松材线虫的生活史受媒介昆虫、寄主、树栖真菌和伴生细菌等多种因素影响。利用感染松材线虫病的马尾松林内的两种优势内栖真菌的3个菌株,松球壳孢(Sphaeropsis sapinea)E11、MHS7.3和小孢拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis microspora)M32,接种于松褐天牛模拟蛹室,研究松褐天牛蛹期和羽化过程松材线虫种群动态,以及松褐天牛携带扩散型松材线虫的动态变化。结果表明,天牛发育处于蛹期时,松材线虫主要以扩散型三龄幼虫(JⅢ)附着于天牛体表;发育至羽化期时,松材线虫主要以扩散型四龄幼虫(JⅣ)位于天牛体内。不同优势内栖真菌接种处理下,松褐天牛携带的扩散型幼虫数量的大小顺序为:小孢拟盘多毛孢M32>松球壳孢E11>松球壳孢MHS7.3,这与模拟蛹室中松材线虫种群的大小顺序是一致的,表明松褐天牛携带的线虫数目与蛹室中线虫种群的大小关系密切。在松褐天牛携带的JⅢ、JⅣ和扩散型幼虫(JⅢ＋JⅣ)占线虫种群比例方面,松球壳孢E11和MHS7.3均大于小孢拟盘多毛孢M32,显示不适宜繁殖的真菌能促进群体内更多个体转化为扩散型虫态。JⅣ在蛹期的第二天即从天牛体内分离得到,但数量极少,随着JⅢ在羽化前达到最大值,JⅣ也开始大量出现,预示着较大JⅢ种群数量可能是JⅣ大量发生的基础条件之一。研究结果表明在松材线虫的扩散过程中,松林优势树栖真菌对媒介天牛携带的松材线虫数量产生显著影响。 相似文献
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为了解近年我国水稻主产区水稻干尖线虫Aphelenchoides besseyi种群的生物学特性，并为寻找新的水稻干尖线虫病害防控方法，通过在胡萝卜愈伤组织、灰葡萄孢菌Botrytis cinerea和水稻中培养水稻干尖线虫的方法对其生殖方式、生活史和温度对其存活能力的影响及其在水稻中的分布进行研究。结果表明，在供试的12个水稻干尖线虫种群中，只有G8-315种群可孤雌生殖；在25℃下，水稻干尖线虫在胡萝卜愈伤组织和灰葡萄孢菌上生活史均约为12 d，在水稻苗上生活史约为11 d;-20℃以下低温或42℃以上高温处理12 h，在清水、胡萝卜愈伤组织和灰葡萄孢菌中水稻干尖线虫存活率均显著下降，处理72 h水稻干尖线虫存活率均为0；带虫干燥谷粒在-80、-20和4℃低温保存6个月后，谷粒内水稻干尖线虫存活率均显著低于25℃（对照），其中-80℃保存的谷粒内水稻干尖线虫存活率为0;56、70和80℃高温处理12 h后，2个水稻品种谷粒内水稻干尖线虫存活率均显著下降，80℃处理16 h后2个水稻品种谷粒内水稻干尖线虫存活率均为0；水稻幼苗各部位均可检测出水稻干尖线虫，其中假茎部位水稻干尖线虫数量... 相似文献
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为分析不同气候因素对松材线虫Bursaphelenchus xylophilus引起的松材线虫病的影响程度,本文以江西省全南县(代表赣南,松墨天牛一年2代)和德兴市(代表赣北,松墨天牛一年1代)遭受松材线虫病危害的马尾松林生态系统为研究对象,获取2018年-2021年松材线虫病普查数据和1990年-2021年的主要气象因子数据,结合滑动平均法和灰色关联度分析法比较分析两地的气候差异和疫情年间气候变化对松材线虫病发病面积的影响。结果显示:除德兴市的年均相对湿度和年降水量与历年平均值相比有所降低外,两地其他气象因子均呈上升趋势;灰色关联度分析表明,年均最高气温和年均风速是影响赣南松材线虫疫情的重要气象因子,年均最高气温和年降水量是影响赣北松材线虫疫情的重要气象因子;气温升高促进松材线虫和其媒介昆虫的生长繁殖与活动,风速升高可使媒介昆虫远距离传播松材线虫,降水量减少可降低松材线虫和媒介昆虫染病死亡几率。赣南赣北气候的整体变化趋势都有利于松材线虫病的扩散蔓延。 相似文献
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Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection - Pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, causes pine wilt disease (PWD) in Pinus species given suitable climatic conditions. A model was run... 相似文献
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The pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus is the causal agent of pine wilt disease. It is a quarantine pest for most countries in the world. Surveys for the occurrence of the nematode may be necessary in the framework of internationally agreed phytosanitary standards, in order to delimit infested areas or to demonstrate the absence of B . xylophilus and thus to identify pest free areas. Import inspections of wood and wood products also need sound monitoring systems. It is obvious that the quality of survey/monitoring, as well as the results of diagnosis, are strongly dependent on the sampling procedure. Although, in the literature, numerous results of surveys and monitoring are documented, sampling procedures vary and there is no scientific or statistically based sampling system published for B. xylophilus . The current paper relates background information concerning the biology of the nematode, its vector beetles and the development of pine wilt disease and the influence of these factors on sampling procedures, and attempts to define a more systematic methodology. 相似文献
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以有害生物风险分析(Pest Risk Analysis,简称PRA)原理为依据,对松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus xylophilus)对江西林业生态环境的影响进行风险评估,认为松材线虫在江西符合检疫性有害生物的地理分布管理标准.江西具备松材线虫生存及蔓延扩散的寄主植物、传播媒介和环境条件.松材线虫随松类植物及产品的调运从境外传入江西后具有蔓延扩散并暴发成灾的潜在风险,对江西林业生产和生态环境及风景名胜区构成了严重威胁.为此,提出了降低松材线虫病风险的管理措施,供江西有关林业部门参考. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT The pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, has caused significant damage to pine plantations both in East Asia and North America and is an important quarantine organism. A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was developed to detect B. xylophilus. A set of primers and probe specific for B. xylophilus was designed to target the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer region. Optimal primer concentration, Mg(2+) concentration, and extension temperature were 400 nM, 3.0 mM, and 60 degrees C, respectively. The assay was highly specific and sensitive, detecting as little as 0.01 ng of B. xylophilus DNA. The real-time PCR assay also successfully detected B. xylophilus in field samples, and it should be very useful for quarantine purposes. 相似文献
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C. MAGNUSSON 《EPPO Bulletin》1986,16(3):465-471
Serious concern about the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, and the pine wilt disease arose in 1984 when the nematode was discovered in wood chips imported for the Finnish pulp industry. It has been questioned whether this nematode could establish itself and actually damage pine trees under Nordic conditions. It seems likely that B. xylophilus could reproduce in Nordic forest lands. It is also likely that potential vector insects are present and could be functional in the establishment and epidemic development of the disease. Although temperatures in Nordic areas hardly seem conducive to pine wilt disease, other factors may contribute to disease expression. Research is needed on interactions of stress factors, particularly temperature and soil moisture, in the expression of pine wilt disease. A better understanding of these interactions would aid in evaluating the risk connected with an accidental introduction of the nematode into Nordic countries and provide a sound basis for trade regulations. At present, there are reasons to be most restrictive concerning any possible means of introduction of B. xylophilus. 相似文献
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2002年从贵阳市南明区采集到濒临死亡的马尾松标样,用改进的浅盘分离法对其进行了病原物的分离、纯化、形态学及分子生物学鉴定。结果表明,萎蔫死亡松树分离出的线虫形态特征与Mamiya报道的拟松材线虫形态特征相符。用伞滑刃线虫ITS区(internal transcribed spacer)通用引物VRF1(5'CGTAACAAGGTAGCTGTAG 3')和VRF2(5'TC-CTCCGCTAAATGATATG 3')对其基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,并对其PCR产物进行回收、克隆和测序。测序结果显示,此ITS序列与南京松材线虫的同源性为77.6%,与基因库已报道拟松材线虫序列U93554的同源性为93.5%,而与云南拟松材线虫江川种群、峨山种群和西畴种群的同源性为97.9%。通过以上形态学和分子生物学的研究,将贵阳市南明区采集到的马尾松萎蔫病树线虫分离物鉴定为拟松材线虫(Bursaphelenchus mucronatus)。 相似文献
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Pine wilt disease, caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, has become of worldwide quarantine concern in recent years. Here, we disclosed the surface coat (SC) proteins of the PWN which are thought to be one of the key components in pine wilt development. This is the first report that focused on the SC proteins and thoroughly identified those proteins of a plant-parasitic nematode using the proteomic approach. In this study, SC protein profiles were compared for PWNs grown on the fungus Botrytis cinerea and in host pine seedlings. The results demonstrated that the gross amount of PWN SC proteins drastically increased during infection of the host pine. Thirty-seven protein bands showed significant quantity differences between fungus-grown and host-origin PWNs, and were used for identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry analysis. These included several proteins that are presumed to be involved in the host immune response; for example, regulators of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a ROS scavenger. These results might suggest that the PWN SC proteins are crucial in modulating or evading host immune response. Our data provide a new insight into the mechanism of pine wilt disease and the biological role of the SC proteins of plant-parasitic nematodes. 相似文献