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食线虫微生物防控病原线虫的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
植物寄生线虫是世界范围内普遍发生的植物病害,其中尤以根结线虫、胞囊线虫最为严重。利用食线虫微生物资源开发生物杀线虫剂来防治植物病原线虫日益受到各国科研人员的重视。本文对近年来国内外食线虫微生物资源挖掘、食线虫微生物侵染线虫的机制和具杀线虫活性的次生代谢产物分离、纯化等的研究结果进行了综述,并总结分析了食线虫微生物防控植物病原线虫的成功实例。期盼为研发高效环保的植物线虫生防菌剂提供文献参考。 相似文献
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杀线虫剂主要类型、特性及其作用机制 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
本文论述了杀线虫剂从熏蒸型向非熏蒸型的发展概况，比较了这两大类杀线虫剂的特点和不足，讨论了生物源杀线虫剂的重要性及其前景，概述了各类杀线虫剂的作用机理。 相似文献
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植物寄生线虫是重要的植物病原物之一,给农业生产带来了巨大的经济损失。长期以来,一直缺乏有效防治植物寄生线虫的手段。苏云金芽胞杆菌（Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt）是重要的昆虫病原细菌,广泛应用于鳞翅目、双翅目、鞘翅目害虫等农林及卫生害虫的防治;部分Bt菌株对植物寄生线虫具有很高的活性。本文总结了杀植物寄生线虫Bt菌株筛选的模型与方法的建立、Bt菌株杀植物寄生线虫的作用机理及其相关应用、以及杀植物寄生线虫的伴胞晶体蛋白与相关基因等,可望为杀植物寄生线虫Bt制剂的研究与开发提供借鉴。 相似文献
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生物防治不仅作为植物寄生线虫病安全有效的防治措施，而且其具有降低化学农药施用量和减少环境污染的作用。木霉菌作为一种生防潜力巨大的线虫病防治真菌，已被广泛研究并应用于植物寄生线虫病的防治。本文主要从木霉防治植物寄生线虫病的直接和间接生防机制的视角，综述了木霉对线虫的重寄生作用、毒杀作用以及木霉对植物的诱导抗性、促生作用等多种协同防治植物寄生线虫的机制，展望了今后需要继续扩大对杀线木霉资源种类的调查和挖掘、木霉菌对植物寄生线虫的作用机理以及从分子水平上加深对木霉防治线虫病机制的研究，旨在为科学利用木霉菌防治植物线虫病提供参考。 相似文献
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植物寄生线虫可能对全球农作物造成严重的危害.本研究设计合成了15个未见文献报道的4,5,5-三氟戊-4-烯酰胺衍生物,并测定了它们的离体活性和在沙土中的活体杀线虫活性,且进一步研究了沙土活体活性较好的化合物在基质中的活体杀线虫活性.离体测试结果表明:部分目标化合物表现出较好的杀线虫活性,其中含呋喃环的化合物B8对南方根... 相似文献
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杀线虫植物内生细菌和根际放线菌对根结线虫的防效 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
为了获得防治植物寄生线虫的微生物菌种资源和防效稳定的生防菌剂,以松材线虫为靶标,采用直接触杀法对植物根际放线菌和内生细菌进行了筛选,通过盆栽试验测定了筛选到的菌株发酵液对根结线虫的防治效果,并将有初步防效的菌株制成固体菌剂,分别测定单菌剂和复合菌剂的防效。共筛选到16株放线菌和4株内生细菌具有杀线虫活性,其中2株放线菌和3株内生细菌的发酵液对根结线虫防效明显;放线菌和内生细菌混合发酵液均保持了对根结线虫的抑制作用,但是放线菌和细菌菌株的固体菌剂混合后对根结线虫的防效低于细菌单菌株的防效。植物内生细菌BCM2和CCM7单菌株的固体菌剂对番茄根结线虫的防效最高,分别达到了83.31%和83.07%。表明高杀线虫活性的植物内生细菌制备的固体菌剂具有应用潜力。 相似文献
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BACKGROUND: Chemical nematicides such as methyl bromide have for decades played a significant role in the management of plant‐parasitic nematodes. Their application is problematic because of negative environmental impacts, and therefore methyl bromide was phased out in Europe in 2005. A possible alternative to synthetically derived nematicides is seen in the use of plants and/or their secondary metabolites. These plants could either be used as nematicidal green manure or as a source for nematicidal extracts. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 1,2‐dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), a group of secondary plant metabolites found in hundreds of plant species throughout the world, on the performance of plant‐parasitic and free‐living nematodes. RESULTS: PAs induced nematicidal, ovicidal and repellent effects on different plant‐parasitic and free‐living nematodes. There was no conclusive ranking in toxicity for the different structural types of PAs tested. However, the effects were often more pronounced for the tertiary than for the oxidised form of PAs. Further, large differences were observed in the susceptibility of different nematode species to PAs. CONCLUSIONS: PAs do affect several performance parameters and developmental stages of nematodes. Therefore, PA‐producing plants such as species of Crotalaria, Ageratum or Senecio might be promising candidates for nematode management strategies. [Correction made here after initial online publication] Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Paul R. Burrows Anthony D. P. Barker Christine A. Newell William D. O. Hamilton 《Pest management science》1998,52(2):176-183
Due to increasing restrictions on the use of toxic and expensive nematicides, there is now a greater than ever need for crop cultivars that are resistant to plant-parasitic nematodes. Genetically engineered nematode resistance is not as well developed as other engineered traits but, even so, the first genetically modified plants with enhanced nematode resistance have been produced and tested. Plant-derived enzyme inhibitor and lectin genes are being evaluated for their ability to confer broad-spectrum nematode resistance in transgenic crop plants. Early indications are that these are likely to be effective. Gene pyramiding has potential to increase field durability and to widen the spectrum of nematodes controlled by any one transgenic line. © 1998 SCI. 相似文献
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MOHAMMAD AKHTAR 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》1997,2(4):187-197
Efficient management of plant-parasitic nematodes requires the carefully integrated combination of several methods. Although each individual method of management has a limited use, together, they help in reducing the nematode populations in agricultural soils or in plants. A public desire for methods of managing plant pests in ways that do not pollute or otherwise degrade the environment has increased concomitantly with progress in research. Integrated pest management (IPM) provides a working methodology for pest management in sustainable agriculutural systems. In this paper, current methods for the management of plant-parasitic nematodes are discussed within the guidelines of IPM. The emphasis is on the methods by which decisions are made to manage nematode problems with the most effective and widely used management strategies. The advantages and difficulties associated with nematicidal chemicals (i.e. cost, reinfestation of soil after harvest, contamination of ground water and residues in fruits and vegetables), biological control (by predatory or parasitic fungi and nematodes) and management with cultural methods (including the use of uncontaminated plants or seeds, crop rotation, modification of sowing and/or harvesting times, trap crops and resistant varieties etc.) are considered 相似文献
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Kodjo Eloh Kafui Kpegba Nicola Sasanelli Honoré Kossi Koumaglo Pierluigi Caboni 《国际虫害防治杂志》2020,66(2):131-141
AbstractPlant parasitic nematodes are among the most destructive plant pathogens worldwide and their control is very challenging. Plant essential oils (EOs) have showed a great potential in nematode control. In this work, EOs from 10 aromatic plants acclimatized in Togo were assessed in vitro for their nematicidal activity on the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita. EOs were subsequently analyzed by GC-MS and compounds were tested individually on nematodes. The most potent EOs were: Ocimum sanctum L., Cymbopogon schoenanthus (L.) Spreng and Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume with EC50/72h values of 282?±?53, 288?±?30 and 355?±?126?mg/L, respectively. The EC50/48h values of tested compounds were 81?±?14, 117?±?33, 128?±?42, 141?±?47, 168?±?40, 216?±?86 and 235?±?43?mg/L for cinnamyl acetate, methyl eugenol, cinnamyl alcohol, acetyl eugenol, isoeugenol, eugenol and benzyl benzoate, respectively. Furthermore, we found a synergistic nematicidal activity when we combined phenylpropanoids compounds with carvone. EOs and their constituents described herein merit further studies, especially in pot experiments before serving as nematicides. 相似文献
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粗皮侧耳生物学特性及其与杀线虫毒力的关系 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
本文报道粗皮侧耳(Pleurotus ostreatus)的生物学特性,尤其是生物学特性与杀线虫毒力的关系。该菌的野生型、驯化型、单孢分离株及孢子分离株的菌丝均能迅速杀死线虫。在固体培养条件下,成熟菌丝产生丰富的毒素球,幼嫩菌丝不产生毒素球;该菌在多种固体培养基,甚至营养缺乏的水琼脂上也生长良好;生长的最适条件为24~28℃、pH5.6~8.0、固体或液体遮光培养。尽管营养、温度、pH及光照等对菌丝生长均有显著影响,但并不影响其对线虫的毒力,各菌株间毒力无差异,线虫与菌丝接触48h,死亡率均达90%以上;液体培养滤液能杀死线虫,但其对线虫毒力的强弱却与菌株、滤液浓度及培养时间等有关。首次以实验证明了该菌在液体培养条件下可产生杀线虫毒素。 相似文献
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枯草芽孢杆菌挥发产物的杀线虫活性评价及成分鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
寄牛线虫Ditylenchus destructor是许多作物和蔬菜的重要病原物.本研究进行的密封皿内测定结果表明,由枯草芽孢杆菌BL02和G8产生的挥发物能够强烈地抑制D.destructor(24 h杀虫活件均达100%).经挥发物处理后,大部分线虫在1～12 h内活动逐渐减弱,24 h后完全停止活动.经固相微萃取并经气相色谱-质谱联脂技术进一步鉴定,挥发物包括烷烃、醇、酯、酮、酸、胺、肟、酚及杂环类.本研究为微生物活性挥发物的开发和利用提供了有价值的参考并预示了细菌挥发物在未来植物线虫病害生物防治方而的应用潜力. 相似文献
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Damage caused by nematodes is one of the limiting factors in crop production. Traditional nematode management is based on
the use of crop rotations, resistant cultivars, nematicides, or combinations of these methods. For a crop like peanut (Arachis hypogaea), cultivars resistant to root-knot nematodes are not available. There are soybean (Glycine max) cultivars resistant to some of the species of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.); however, most fields have nematode infestations composed of mixtures of species. Research at Auburn has shown that
tropical crops can be used effectively in rotation to manage nematode problems. Rotations with American jointvetch (Aeschynomene americana), castor (Ricinus communis), hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta), partridge pea (Cassia fasciculata), sesame (Sesamum indicum), and velvetbean (Mucuna deeringiana) have resulted in good nematode control and increased yields of peanut and soybean. Some crops (castor, sesame) are considered
‘active’ in that they produce compounds that are nematicidal, whereas others (e.g. corn, sorghum) are simply non-host, that is, ‘passive’. 相似文献
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Mohammad Akhtar 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(1):57-66
Plant products are receiving greater attention as prophylactics against several species of plant-parasitic nematodes. Numerous experiments have shown the potential nematicidal value of plant parts and their by-products when incorporated into soil or when the plants themselves are interplanted as seedlings among crop plants. Various products (oils, cakes, extracts, etc.) prepared from the leaves and seeds of the neem plant (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) (Family Meliaceae) have been reported as effective protectants against nematode pests when used as root-dips and seed treatments. Nemato-toxic compounds of the neem plant, especially the azadirachtins, are released through volatilization, exudation, leaching and decomposition. The modes of action of these compounds are complex, and a number of mechanisms in relation to nematode management are yet to be fully explored. This review critically assesses the potential of these products in the management of nematodes in tropical agriculture. 相似文献