共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
《中国生物防治学报》2015,(2)
本文研究了外源营养对斜纹夜蛾侧沟茧蜂Microplitis prodeniae Rao and Kurian寿命和繁殖力的影响及其日取食节律。研究结果表明,取食浓度为10%的混合糖液、葡萄糖、蔗糖、蜂蜜、果糖、清水和不饲喂后,斜纹夜蛾侧沟茧蜂的雌蜂寿命分别为14.67、11.22、11.03、10.00、9.58、4.67和3.65 d、雄蜂寿命分别为13.93、10.67、10.62、9.60、9.53、3.50和2.72d;取食混合糖液、葡萄糖、蔗糖、蜂蜜、果糖和清水后,雌蜂总产卵量分别为180.45、149.80、147.30、112.35、122.45和31.05粒,取食混合糖液处理组的寿命和总产卵量均显著高于其它处理。不论补充营养还是清水,该蜂的产卵都是先升高后下降。10%的混合糖液为最佳浓度。取食频率为1d吸食1次的寿命最长。该蜂分别在8:00-9:00和15:00-16:00出现取食高峰。 相似文献
2.
螟蛉绒茧蜂是寄生红花天料木(母生)主要害虫短梳角野螟的寄生性天敌昆虫。本文针对该寄生蜂开展其生物学、发育及寄生特性研究,采用室内测定结合林间调查的方法,系统调查及研究螟蛉绒茧蜂的生物学特性。结果显示:实验室条件下,螟蛉绒茧蜂单雌寄生数量为9~24头,平均寄生20头;偏好寄生3、4龄短梳角野螟幼虫,很少寄生低龄幼虫,不寄生5龄幼虫;当寄生低龄幼虫且完成其发育时,羽化的成蜂都为雄蜂;当短梳角野螟2龄、3龄初、3龄末和4龄幼虫同时存在时,喜寄生3龄初幼虫,偏好系数为0.574 3;试验条件下寄生蜂的发育历期和个体大小随着寄主龄期的增大有所增长,相同温度下补充外源营养均可延长成蜂寿命。研究结果可为利用螟蛉绒茧蜂防控短梳角野螟的林间应用提供参考。 相似文献
3.
棉大卷叶螟绒茧蜂生物学特性观察 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在实验室条件下，以棉大卷叶螟幼虫为寄主，对其幼虫期的一种重要寄生蜂——卷叶螟绒茧蜂生物学特性进行了初步观察。结果表明，该蜂羽化高峰期为上午的6：00—10：00和下午的15：00—17：00；雌雄比为0．66：1；有92．6％的雌蜂当日交尾，且仅交尾1次；未交配的雌蜂也可产卵寄生，羽化成虫均为雄性。在17—33℃条件下，卷叶螟绒茧蜂成蜂寿命随着温度的升高而降低；提供蜂蜜水时寿命从17℃的12d降到33℃的2d，而清水对照的成蜂寿命从17℃的6d降到33℃下的不足1d。卷叶螟绒茧蜂既可以产卵寄生致棉大卷叶螟幼虫死亡。也可通过成蜂的产卵器刺破幼虫体壁并吮吸寄主体液而致害虫死亡。对雌蜂的寄生和取食行为进行了观察描述。 相似文献
4.
田间采集梨小食心虫室内饲养过程中发现一种寄生蜂,经鉴定为膜翅目Hymenoptera茧蜂科Braconidae窄径茧蜂亚科Agathidinae的丽下腔茧蜂Therophilus festivus（Muesebeck,1953）。用体视解剖镜观察并描记其形态特征,对其学名变迁进行了介绍。另外对该蜂的寄生时期、田间自然寄生率和不同环境条件下成虫寿命进行了初步研究。结果表明,该蜂寄生于梨小食心虫幼虫,2014-2017年田间调查自然寄生率分别为27.51%、43.08%、38.37%、23.91%;用纯净水、10%白糖水、5%蜂蜜水、10%蜂蜜水、20%蜂蜜水饲喂丽下腔茧蜂成虫寿命分别为3.4、6.6、5.67、5.67、6.75 d,以20%蜂蜜水补充营养的成虫寿命最长;在15、20、25和30℃不同温度条件下,成虫寿命分别为19、12、6.5、6.83 d,以15℃条件下成虫寿命最长。该寄生蜂对梨小食心虫的田间自然寄生率较高,而且寄生范围较广,具有较高的应用潜力。 相似文献
5.
我国寄生粘虫Leucania separata Walker的绒茧蜂已知3种:螟蛉绒茧蜂Apanteles ruficrus (Haliday)、粘虫绒茧蜂A.kariyai Watanabe及粘虫小绒茧蜂A.cirphicola Bhatnagar。 本期封面彩色照片为粘虫绒茧蜂,是我国北方粘虫幼虫期常见寄生蜂之一。成虫体长约2.5毫米,黑色,产卵于粘虫幼虫体内,随即孵化,取食粘虫体内物质,至寄主6龄老熟时,蜂蛆亦发育成熟,自粘虫体内钻出,同时吐丝做茧,呈白色丝绒状茧块。茧块大小及形状依叶面形状及位置不一,长约9—18毫米。每 相似文献
6.
1984—1985年,在思南县塘头双季稻区,对稻纵卷叶螟幼虫期的主要寄生天敌进行了调查。两年来,5—10月分期分批从大田随机采集稻纵卷叶螟各代各龄幼虫,室内饲养至化蛹、羽化,调查其天敌种类及数量。结果: 一、主要寄生蜂和寄生率 从饲养的888头幼虫中观察到:有398头被天敌寄生,主要为寄生蜂,计有: 纵卷叶螟绒茧蜂 Apanteles cypris、螟蛉绒茧蜂 Apanteles ruficrus、螟黄抱缘姬蜂 相似文献
7.
补充外源营养对豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂寿命的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
采用单管饲养法,研究了外源营养对豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂寿命的影响。结果表明:外源营养对不同性别豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂寿命的影响差异不显著。补充蜂蜜、葡萄糖、蔗糖、果糖等糖类营养均能显著延长姬小蜂的寿命,与补充牛血清白蛋白、清水以及无饲喂处理相比,平均寿命延长了5～9倍。15%葡萄糖水、15%蜂蜜水和15%蔗糖水的饲喂效果显著好于其他浓度,雌蜂平均寿命分别达(47.0±3.5)d、(45.7±2.9)d和(44.5±3.5)d,较无饲喂处理寿命延长15倍以上。该测定结果可以为豌豆潜蝇姬小蜂的大量繁殖提供一定参考。 相似文献
8.
副珠蜡蚧阔柄跳小蜂Metaphycus parasaissetiae是橡副珠蜡蚧Parasaissetia nigra成虫的重要内寄生蜂。为了明确补充营养对该蜂寿命及繁殖的影响,本研究观察了补充7种糖源物质时,在有寄主和无寄主条件下该蜂的寿命、卵子发育、产卵量、后代发育历期及出蜂数。结果表明：雌成蜂寿命在不提供寄主时,补充果糖的最长为16.6 d,其余依次为蔗糖、蜂蜜、葡萄糖、松三糖、海藻糖、寄主蜜露,在提供寄主时取食清水的最长,为10.0 d,补充寄主蜜露、松三糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖的成蜂寿命均在9.0 d以上;雄成蜂寿命在不提供寄主时,补充果糖的最长为16.0d,补充其余糖类与空白CK和清水相比均延长了雄蜂寿命。补充营养能明显促进副珠蜡蚧阔柄跳小蜂卵巢发育及卵子成熟,提供寄主且补充蜂蜜、蔗糖或不提供寄主补充果糖时,24 h后小蜂成熟卵量均显著高于补充清水个体的成熟卵量。补充20%蔗糖水小蜂的产卵量最高,为43.7粒/雌;其次是果糖（39.0粒/雌）、葡萄糖（37.0粒/雌）、清水（31.8粒/雌）、蜂蜜（31.0粒/雌）,空白的产卵量则最少,仅为12.4粒/雌。补充营养对子代的发育、存活... 相似文献
9.
寄生蜂成虫可以直接取食含有单糖和二糖的花蜜和蜜露。本文研究了取食葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖和甘露糖对斑痣悬茧蜂寿命、繁殖力和营养贮存的影响。结果显示,取食葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖和甘露糖后,斑痣悬茧蜂的寿命分别为25.9、21.3、21.5和11.1 d,与对照相比显著增加;平均后代数分别为72.8、51.1、55.8和8.6头,而清水对照只有4.3头,其中取食甘露糖后,斑痣悬茧蜂平均后代数与对照差异不显著。体内主要物质含量测定表明取食糖类后,寄生蜂极大程度地积累总糖,取食葡萄糖、果糖和麦芽糖与水相比寄生蜂体内脂含量显著增加,并随着处理时间延长而增加。但取食甘露糖与水相比寄生蜂体内脂含量显著下降。取食4种糖都在产卵高峰前期蛋白质浓度达到最高,死亡前蛋白质浓度最低,两者之间差异显著。 相似文献
10.
为了解河南省漯河地区小麦田、玉米田黏虫Mythimna separata幼虫的寄生性天敌种类及寄生情况,为黏虫的可持续防控提供科学依据。于2015年-2017年在河南省漯河地区采集小麦田一代和玉米田二代黏虫幼虫,带回室内饲养,对饲养期间出现的寄生性天敌进行种类鉴定。共发现黏虫幼虫寄生性天敌5种:黏虫盘绒茧蜂Cotesia kariyai、螟蛉盘绒茧蜂C.ruficrus、棉铃虫齿唇姬蜂Campoletis chlorideae Uchida、盘背菱室姬蜂Mesochorus discitergus和中华卵索线虫Ovomermis sinensis。麦田一代黏虫寄生天敌主要为中华卵索线虫,夏玉米田二代黏虫主要为寄生蜂类天敌,优势种为黏虫盘绒茧蜂和螟蛉盘绒茧蜂。 相似文献
11.
R. Rabbinge G. W. Ankersmit G. A. Pak 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1979,85(5):197-220
The epidemiology ofSitobion avenae and its natural enemies in winter wheat was studied in 1975, 1976 and 1977. Immigration was important until the end of flowering. The alate immigrants had apterous offspring. These became the driving force in population growth. Their offspring were mostly alatae which usually left the field. A model of the epidemic was developed. Quantitative relations between the aphids and their environment were obtained from literature or established in laboratory trials. The model simulated population development and population composition from the beginning of June till the population peak at the end of June or early in July. Because quantitative data on relations between aphids and their natural enemies and pathogens are scarce, and since the knowledge on wing formation is still limited, the population collapse could not be predicted. In the future, prognosis over a period of three weeks seems possible.Samenvatting De toenemende betekenis van graanbladluizen (vooralSitobion avenae) gepaard gaande met een sterke toename van het gebruik van insecticiden op granen maakte verbetering van de prognose over het schadelijk optreden wenselijk. Door gedetailleerde tellingen in het veld (Fig. 1–7) werden gegevens verkregen over het verloop van de epidemie en het optreden van natuurlijke vijanden in 1975, 1976 en 1977.Een immigratieperiode tot in de bloei kon worden vastgesteld. Daarna lijkt de aantrekkelijkheid van het gewas voor alate luizen te verminderen. De alate immigranten krijgen aptere nakomelingen. Deze vormen de stuwende kracht van de populatiegroei. De nakomelingen van apteren zijn merendeels alaat. Zij verlaten het gewas.Een model van de populatieontwikkeling gedurende de epidemie werd opgesteld. De relatiediagrammen Fig. 9 en 10 laten groei en ontwikkeling vanS. avenae en een predator (Syrphus corollae) zien. Kwantificering van de betrekkingen werd mogelijk door literatuurgegevens en laboratoriumexperimenten.Met het model kon de populatieontwikkeling vanS. avenae vanaf begin juni tot aan de populatiepiek in 1975, 1976 en 1977 vrij goed worden gesimuleerd (Fig. 12). Ook de populatieopbouw kon worden gesimuleerd (Fig. 14). De teruggang van de populatiedichtheid blijkt moeilijker te voorspellen door het ontbreken van gegevens over natuurlijke vijanden.Het lijkt waarschijnlijk dat in de toekomst met het model een prognose over de piek van de bladluispopulatie circa 3 weken tevoren mogelijk zal zijn. 相似文献
12.
H. A. Van Hoof H. Huttinga A. Knaap H. P. Maas Geesteranus W. H. M. Mosch D. G. J. De Raay-Wieringa 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1979,85(3):87-98
In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten. 相似文献
13.
Meira Bar-Eyal Edna Sharon Yitzhak Spiegel 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2006,114(4):427-433
Organic amendments and green manure are potential alternatives to the harmful chemical control means currently used against
plant-parasitic nematodes. In this work, Chrysanthemum coronarium was applied to the soil as a green manure to control the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne incognita and M. javanica. Chrysanthemum coronarium significantly reduced nematode infection of tomato roots and improved plant-top fresh weight, both in the greenhouse and
in microplots. Other green manures, derived from Anthemis pseudocotula, wild chickpea (Cicer pinnatifidum), Geranium spp. and wheat, were not as effective as C. coronarium. Chrysanthemum coronarium, retained its nematicidal activity even when applied as a dried material. Only mature C. coronarium plants, in their flowering stage, exhibited nematode control activity, but the green plant parts were more effective than
the flowers. An aqueous extract of C. coronarium exhibited in vitro, nematostatic activity towards M. incognita and M. javanica second-stage juveniles and inhibited their hatching from eggs and egg-masses; its nematostatic activity was expressed also
against other phytonematode species such as Heterodera avenae and Pratylenchus mediterraneus, but did not affect the beneficial entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae. 相似文献
14.
G. J. Bollen D. Volker A. P. Wijnen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1989,95(Z1):19-30
Samples of heavily infested crop residues were incorporated in static compost heaps (2.5–4.6 m3) of the Indore type. Temperature increased to 50–70°C within 6 days depending on the type of crop residues used and the location within the heap. The heat phase (>40 °C) lasted 2–3 weeks and was followed by a c. 5-months maturation phase (<40 °c).=" among=" the=" 17=" pathogens=" tested,=">Olpidium brassicae and one of the four formae speciales ofFusarium oxysporum that were tested survived composting, but also their inoculum was greatly reduced.Survival during specific phases of composting was studied by incorporation and retrieval of samples at various stages of the process.F. oxysporum f. sp.melonis was completely inactivated andO. brassicae andPlasmodiophora brassicae were almost completely inactivated during the short heat phase. The three pathogens survived the long-lasting maturation phase without loss of viability. Heat evolved during composting was found to be the most important factor involved with sanitation of crop residues. The possible involvement of fungitoxic conversion products and microbial antagonism is discussed. 相似文献
15.
浅黄恩蚜小蜂和丽蚜小蜂对温室白粉虱的寄生潜能分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
浅黄恩蚜小蜂Encarsia sophia GiraultDodd和丽蚜小蜂Encarsia formosa Gahan是防治粉虱类害虫的优势寄生蜂,通过生命表技术方法分析了2种寄生蜂对温室白粉虱Trialeurodes vaporariorum(Westwood)的防治潜能。结果表明,丽蚜小蜂在羽化第3天和第10天出现2次寄生高峰,占其总寄生量的13.7%和8.0%,在2次高峰之间逐日寄生粉虱数量比较平稳,单雌逐日平均产雌数保持在10.6~13.4头,10 d后寄生量呈明显的下降趋势;而浅黄恩蚜小蜂羽化10 d内逐日寄生粉虱量变化不大,单雌逐日产雌数稳定在4.2~5.4头,羽化14 d后寄生量呈明显下降趋势。丽蚜小蜂和浅黄恩蚜小蜂的R0、T、rm、λ值分别为171.5、18.0、0.2854、1.3303和61.6、16.2、0.2544、1.2897;粉虱若虫充足时,丽蚜小蜂平均单雌寄生若虫数是浅黄恩蚜小蜂的2.7倍,而后者平均单雌取食若虫数为60.6头,明显高于前者42.7头,总的来看,丽蚜小蜂通过寄生和取食杀死粉虱总量220.8头,明显高于浅黄恩蚜小蜂的127.9头。表明在应用寄生蜂防治温室白粉虱时,单独释放丽蚜小蜂比浅黄恩蚜小蜂显示出更好的防治潜能。 相似文献
16.
Yurika Matoba Norio Kondo Seishi Akino Fujio Kodama Shigeo Naito Shigehiko Ebe 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(1):81-85
Five Pythium species (Pythium irregulare, P. mamillatum, P. myriotylum, P. spinosum and P. ultimum var. ultimum) were isolated from the hypocotyls and roots of kidney bean plants with damping-off from a commercial field and from experimental
plots that have undergone either continuous cropping with kidney bean or rotational cropping with arable crops. In inoculation
tests, all five Pythium species were pathogenic to kidney bean. This is the first report of damping-off of kidney bean caused by Pythium species; we named this disease damping-off of kidney bean.
The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases under accession numbers AB291811, AB291944
and AB291945. 相似文献
17.
P. Oyarzun M. Gerlagh A. E. Hoogland 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(1):23-33
Research on root rot pathogens of peas in the Netherlands has confirmed the prevalence ofFusarium solani, F. oxysporum, Pythium spp.,Mycosphaerella pinodes andPhoma medicaginis var.pinodella. Aphanomyces euteiches andThielaviopsis basicola were identified for the first time as pea pathogens in the Netherlands. Other pathogens such asRhizoctonia solani andCylindrocarpon destructans were also found on diseased parts of roots.
F. solani existed in different degrees of pathogenicity, and was sometimes highly specific to pea, dwarf bean of field bean, depending on the cropping history of the field.A. euteiches was specific to peas, whereasT. basicola showed some degree of physiological specialization. 相似文献
18.
D. Sivakumar R. S. Wilson Wijeratnam M. Abeyesekere R. L. C. Wijesundera 《Phytoparasitica》2002,30(1):43-51
Botryodiplodia theobromae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides andGliocephalotrichum microchlamydosporum are the causal fungi of the rambutan postharvest diseases stem-end rot, anthracnose and brown spot, respectively. Two different
treatments of rambutan fruits(Nephelium lappaceum) against the three pathogens were compared: potassium metabisulphite (250 ppm) or cinnamaldehyde (30 ppm), each combined withTrichoderma harzianum (TrH 40). The application of TrH 40 and potassium metabisulphite effectively controlled the incidence and severity of the
three postharvest diseases and maintained the overall quality and color of the fruit under low temperature storage at 13.5°C
and 95% r.h. for 18 days. The greatest effect of this treatment was shown onG. microchlamydosporum. Cinnamaldehyde affected the growth and germination of TrH 40, whereas potassium metabisulphite did not.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 4, 2001. 相似文献
19.
Y. F. Zhao W. T. Jones P. Sutherland D. A. Palmer R. E. Mitchell P. H. S. Reynolds J. P. Damicone C. L. Bender 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2001,58(6):247
Several pathovars of Pseudomonas syringae produce the phytotoxin coronatine (COR)in vitro, and the availability of purified toxin has facilitated development of immunological detection methods. A modified, indirect competitive ELISA using the COR-specific monoclonal antibody 11B8 was developed to detect COR in various host plants infected by P. syringae. The estimated detection limit for COR was 50 pg per well, and COR could be reliably quantified from 5 to 40 ng ml−1. The subcellular localization of COR within infected tomato tissue was investigated using the COR-specific antibody MAb 8H3G2. Immunofluorescence microscopy and immunogold labelling showed that COR was present inside tomato cells and was associated with chloroplasts and particles of proteinase inhibitor I. Localization studies indicated that COR is mobile in infected plant tissue and can be detected in healthy tissue adjacent to the bacterial lesions. 相似文献
20.
R. Rabbinge A. Brouwer N. J. Fokkema J. Sinke T. J. Stomph 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1984,90(5):181-197
The effects of the saprophytic mycoflora and its interference with cereal aphids on growth and yield of winter and spring wheat was studied in field experiments in 1980, 1981 and 1982.Yields varied between 5000 and 8000 kg dry matter of kernels per ha. The effect of the saprophytic mycoflora on yield was determined in different treatments: A) no control measures against cereal aphids and saprophytic and necrotrophic fungi, B) no control of cereal aphids, control of saprophytic and necrotrophic fungi, C) control of cereal aphids and control of saprophytic and necrotrophic fungi, D) control of cereal aphids and stimulation of saprophytic mycoflora and E) control of cereal aphids, no control of saprophytic and necrotrophic fungi nor stimulation of saprophytic mycoflora.Considerable differences in top densities of saprophytic mycoflora (10 times as large in A and D as in B and C) were determined. The consequences of these differences for the growth and productivity of wheat were minor. A negative effect of saprophytic mycoflora on the yield could not be detected in 1981 and 1982, whereas a small positive significant effect was found in 1980. This stimulation may have been due to competition between necrotrophic fungal pathogens and saprophytic mycoflora. As a result of favourable weather conditions necrotrophic fungal pathogens were very numerous in 1980 and could form an important yield reducing factor. Yield levels may effect the importance of the necrotrophic and saprophytic mycoflora as yield reducing factors. Additionally, in the presence of aphid honeydew captafol was found to be relatively ineffective against saprophytic fungi. 相似文献