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1.
由辣椒尖孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum acutatum)侵染引起的炭疽病是辣椒生产中最具有破坏性的真菌病害,严重影响辣椒的品质和产量。本研究以辣椒尖孢炭疽病菌HHDL02为对象,采用1 mol·L-1 NH4Cl 2%的酶裂解液裂解分生孢子萌发2 h的芽管,裂解2～3 h可以高效制备原生质体,结合PEG介导转化法成功将GFP基因导入,其转化菌株菌落形态、菌丝生长速率、分生孢子形态、孢子萌发、附着胞形成、产孢量和致病性与野生型菌株无明显差异,且后代荧光信号遗传稳定。PEG介导的原生质体转化适合辣椒尖孢炭疽菌遗传操作,有助于其致病机理的研究。 相似文献
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影响柿树炭疽菌孢子萌发、附着胞形成及致病性的环境因子 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在凹玻片上测定了不同浓度的葡萄糖溶液对柿树炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)的分生孢子萌发和附着胞形成率的影响,结果表明:分生孢子萌发率随葡萄糖浓度升高而增加,但附着胞形成率下降,芽管长度增加,附着胞的直径几乎没有变化;随着时间的延长,孢子萌发率和附着胞形成率都有所增加。不同pH对分生孢子萌发和附着胞形成率的影响结果显示,分生孢子在pH 2.0~9.0的溶液中可以萌发,并产生附着胞;最适分生孢子萌发和附着胞形成的pH是在5.0~6.0。不同pH处理的致病试验结果说明。在23℃时病斑在pH 4.0~8.0条件下都可产生;致病试验结果也发现,17℃时,pH6.0处理能发病,但不形成分生孢子团,pH 5.0处理不发病;15℃时,pH 5.0和pH 6.0的处理都不能发病。温度对菌丝生长的影响显示,菌落生长最适温度是25℃左右,高温抑制菌落生长。寄主表面侵染结构扫描电镜观察结果表明,芽管长度变化很大,芽管可以纵向沿着脊或沟延伸,也可横向通过脊沟;附着胞均在沟底或近底部形成。 相似文献
4.
辣椒胶孢炭疽菌生物学特性初步研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从广西南宁市采集辣椒炭疽病果实病害标本,进行病原菌分离培养、致病性测定及形态学鉴定,选择引起辣椒炭疽病的病原菌之--胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)进行生物学特性研究,结果表明:在测试的不同温度、pH、湿度、光照和营养中,该菌的菌丝体生长和产孢的最适温度分别为25℃和30℃,菌丝体生长和产孢的最适pH值为7,光照对菌丝生长的影响不大,在光暗交替下可促进产孢;分生孢子萌发的最适温度为30℃,最适pH值为7,分生孢子在相对湿度为100%和100%+水滴中能萌发,在100%+水滴中萌发率最高,为99.5%,光照对孢子萌发影响不大;辣椒煎水和辣椒煎水+蔗糖可促进附着胞形成,附着胞在辣椒煎汁中形成率最高,达到90%. 相似文献
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为探究天然抑菌成分土槿皮乙酸对胶孢炭疽菌有丝分裂的影响,以多菌灵为药剂对照,以其亚致死剂量(EC30)处理了胶孢炭疽菌分生孢子,通过DAPI荧光染料染色观察了孢子萌发过程中的核相变化。结果表明,胶孢炭疽菌分生孢子在正常萌发过程的0~4 h,发生2次核分裂,之后菌体核分裂为1次/h,至12 h时共发生了10次核分裂;10 mg/L多菌灵处理胶孢炭疽菌12 h,菌体共发生了4次或5次核分裂,自第2次核分裂起,每次细胞核分裂的时间较未经药剂处理延迟5 h左右;5 mg/L土槿皮乙酸处理条件下,菌体12 h内共发生了7次核分裂,且自第3次核分裂后,每次核相发生变化的时间较未经药剂处理延迟3 h左右。可见,土槿皮乙酸能够抑制胶孢炭疽菌分生孢子萌发过程中细胞核的分裂,这可能与其抑制孢子萌发、芽管伸长及导致菌丝异常生长的作用有关。 相似文献
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芽胞杆菌Bacillus sp.SM905是本实验室分离并保存的一株活性细菌，为进一步明确其分类地位及其对铁皮石斛胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides的抑菌活性，利用形态学、生理生化特性及16S rDNA和gyrB序列分析对SM905进行种属鉴定；采用菌丝生长速率法、插片法和琼脂平板法测定了不同浓度的SM905发酵上清液对靶标菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响；并通过盆栽试验考察其防效。结果表明，SM905为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis。不同稀释倍数的SM905发酵上清液对胶孢炭疽菌均有一定的抑制作用，其中5倍稀释液对菌丝生长的抑制率最高，为97.89%，20倍稀释液的抑制率也达90%左右。处理组残留胶孢炭疽菌气生菌丝表现为畸形、空洞、色素积累等，基内菌丝产生大量的分生孢子。SM905发酵上清液不影响胶孢炭疽菌孢子的萌发率，但是导致萌发后的菌丝生长稀疏、膨大。盆栽试验结果表明，SM905粉剂100倍液间隔7 d喷施2次对铁皮石斛炭疽病的防效为80.74%，优于10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂800倍液。本研究表明，芽胞杆菌SM905可以作为铁皮石斛炭疽病生物防治用生防菌，具有良好的应用前景。 相似文献
7.
本研究采用不同的染色方法和显微技术观察橡胶树白粉病菌(Oidium heveae)分生孢子的超微结构,分生孢子在不同介质表面及不同介质溶液中的萌发情况,以及孢子萌发过程中孢内主要物质的变化,以明确O. heveae分生孢子在不同介质萌发的形态变化及萌发所需能量来源。结果表明：O. heveae 分生孢子表面具有较浅的花纹结构,呈椭圆形或者卵圆形,大小为26.1~45.1μm×13.5~21.9μm。O. heveae 分生孢子在亲水和疏水介质上均能萌发产生芽管和附着胞,在葡萄糖水中的萌发率略高于清水中,但萌发率无显著性差异 (P>0.05),芽管和附着胞形成与形态无明显差别。分生孢子萌发过程中,几个液泡会融合形成一个,最终消散而呈不明显可见的泡囊结构。孢子内的糖原、脂质及分裂后的核仁等可通过芽管向附着胞输送,表明O. heveae 分生孢子萌发所需能量物质主要来源于自身能量贮备。 相似文献
8.
为明确苹果炭疽叶枯病病原菌围小丛壳Glomerella cingulata的侵染致病特征,在分离获得该病原菌的基础上,采用形态学观察、ITS序列分析和致病性测定对其进行了鉴定,并利用光学和扫描电子显微镜对病原菌在嘎啦苹果叶片上的侵染过程进行了研究.结果表明,在陕西咸阳地区分离获得的9株病原菌均为围小丛壳G.cingulata.25 ℃下接种9 h后,分生孢子中间产生隔膜,双胞化,并萌发产生芽管和附着胞;24 h后分生孢子的2个细胞均可萌发并形成芽管及附着胞,部分芽管顶端可产生次级分生孢子;48 h后次级分生孢子萌发形成附着胞;72 h后,附着胞下形成的侵染钉可直接入侵寄主,在表皮细胞内形成初生菌丝和次生菌丝,此时叶片表面已出现褐色斑点.接种7 d后叶片病斑处出现分生孢子盘和子囊壳.表明陕西省近年出现的苹果炭疽叶枯病病原菌为围小丛壳G.cingulata,该病菌在嘎啦叶片上的一些特殊侵染行为可能是导致该病害易在短时间内暴发的重要原因. 相似文献
9.
球孢白僵菌生物学特性与其对不同昆虫侵染差异相关性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
球孢白僵菌对不同目标昆虫的侵染能力存在很大差异。应用4株不同寄主来源的球孢白僵菌对2龄小菜蛾和棉铃虫幼虫进行毒力测定,扫描电镜观察分生孢子在试虫体表的萌发及侵染过程,同时测定了4菌株的生长速率、产孢量和孢外酶水平等生物学特性。结果表明,供试菌株中HFW-05的生长速率及酶活性均高于其余3菌株;菌株HFW-05对小菜蛾致病力较高,处理6d后校正死亡率为87．1％,其余3株为30％左右;4菌株对棉铃虫6d后校正死亡率均低于20％。扫描电镜观察结果表明,菌株HFW-05附着在小菜蛾表皮12h后,孢子萌发后直接或产生较短芽管穿透表皮,36h后,未穿透小菜蛾表皮的菌丝体断裂为芽生孢子;其余处理分生孢子在试虫表皮均能萌发,但芽管多呈蔓延生长直至断裂为芽生孢子,未能有效穿透寄主表皮,且孢子生长周期均长于菌株HFW-05。单纯依据孢子萌发率、产孢量或酶活评价筛选高毒力菌株是不够的。 相似文献
10.
油茶炭疽病是油茶上的重要病害,山茶炭疽菌(Colletotrichum camelliae)是该病害的优势病原菌。本研究以山茶炭疽菌中丝氨酸/苏氨酸类蛋白激酶SNF1蛋白复合体的核心组分CcSnf1为研究对象,研究其在山茶炭疽菌的营养生长、产孢量、孢子萌发、附着胞形成、对环境胁迫因子的响应、对不同碳源的利用、致病力等方面的生物学功能,为油茶炭疽病的防控提供理论依据。研究结果表明,山茶炭疽菌CcSnf1基因编码的蛋白为719个氨基酸,含有一个蛋白激酶催化结构域、一个泛素相关结构域和一个腺苷酸感应器结构域。CcSnf1是果生炭疽菌CfSnf1和胶孢炭疽菌CgSnf1的高度同源物。该基因的敲除体菌丝生长减慢,分生孢子产量显著降低,对不同碳源、细胞壁完整性因子和渗透压胁迫因子有不同程度的敏感性。侵染早期阶段的孢子萌发率和附着胞形成率显著受影响,随后CcSnf1的敲除体对油茶果实和叶片的致病力明显减弱。本研究表明CcSnf1在山茶炭疽菌的菌丝生长、产孢、胁迫因子响应、对特定碳源的利用和致病力具有重要的作用。 相似文献
11.
云南葡萄产区葡萄炭疽病病原鉴定及致病力分析 总被引：11，自引：6，他引：5
为了明确引起云南葡萄产区炭疽病的病原种类,利用形态鉴定和特异性引物分子检测相结合的方法对从云南省主要葡萄产区采集的60株炭疽病菌菌株进行了鉴定。葡萄炭疽病菌菌株的菌落形态和生长速率与对照菌株尖孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum acutatum差异不明显,但其分生孢子大小显著小于尖孢炭疽菌,附着胞深褐色,球形或不规则形。胶孢炭疽菌Colletotrichum gloeosporioides特异性引物CgInt/ITS4从供试葡萄炭疽病菌菌株基因组DNA中扩增出1条约500 bp的特异性条带,而尖孢炭疽菌特异性引物CaInt2/ITS4对葡萄炭疽病菌无扩增条带。研究表明,引起云南葡萄主产区炭疽病的病原为胶孢炭疽菌;供试胶孢炭疽菌对红提葡萄均有致病力,但菌株致病力差异较大,对番茄和草莓存在交叉侵染的能力,且对多菌灵的敏感性较尖孢炭疽菌高。 相似文献
12.
Sarah L. Rawlings Richard J. O&#x;Connell Jonathan R. Green 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2007,70(4-6):110-119
The spores (conidia) of the bean anthracnose fungal pathogen, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum, adhere to the aerial parts of plants to initiate the infection process. In previous studies we have shown that the Colletotrichum spores are surrounded by a fibrillar spore coat, comprising several major glycoproteins. Previous evidence showed that a monoclonal antibody (UB20) that recognised these glycoproteins was able to inhibit adhesion of spores to a hydrophobic surface. In this paper we have further studied the role of the spore coat in adhesion, germination and fungal development by studying the effects of UB20 and protease treatment of spores. The latter treatment has previously been shown to remove the spore coat. Spores germinate on glass, polystyrene and water agar, however, appressoria only develop on glass or polystyrene, showing a requirement for a hard surface. Removal of the spore coat with protease inhibits adhesion at 30 min, before the secretion of ECM glycoproteins. Protease treatment also inhibits the development of appressoria and reduces pathogenicity on leaves. Incubation of spores with the MAb UB20 inhibits adhesion at 30 min, but does not affect appressorium formation or pathogenicity. The results suggest that an intact spore coat has two functions; it is required for adhesion to a hydrophobic surface and for the detection of a hard surface necessary for appressorium formation. We suggest that contact with a hard surface, rather than adhesion, is the key event leading to appressorium formation. 相似文献
13.
G蛋白信号调控因子(regulators of G-protein signaling,RGS)是G蛋白的一类负调控因子,在植物病原真菌生长发育及致病过程中起着重要作用。为探究胶孢炭疽病菌1个RGS基因CgRGS3的生物学功能,利用PCR技术扩增CgRGS3基因并进行生物信息学分析,通过同源重组的方法获得该基因的敲除突变体,并在突变体的基础上获得互补株,通过表型分析确定CgRGS3的生物学功能。结果表明:CgRGS3编码1个含有367个氨基酸的蛋白,包含1个RGS功能域和3个跨膜区域,表型分析发现与野生型菌株相比,敲除突变体营养生长缓慢,分生孢子产量附着胞形成率显著降低,对Cu~(2+)、Fe~(2+)、Zn~(2+)离子更加敏感,细胞壁完整性发生改变,黑色素产量降低及致病力减弱等。由此可见,CgRGS3参与调控胶孢炭疽菌的营养生长,分生孢子产生及附着胞的分化、细胞壁完整性、黑色素产生及致病性等。 相似文献
14.
Colletotrichum lagenarium is the casual agent of anthracnose disease of melons. Light and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the infection process of C. lagenarium on the leaves of two melon cultivars differing in susceptibility. On both cultivars conidia began germinating 12 h after inoculation (hai), forming appressoria directly or at the tips of germ-tubes. By 48 hai appressoria had melanised and direct penetration of host tissue had begun. On the susceptible cultivar, infection vesicles formed within 72 hai and developed thick, knotted primary hyphae within epidermal cells. By 96 hai C. lagenarium produced highly branched secondary hyphae that invaded underlying mesophyll cells. After 96 hai, light brown lesions appeared on the leaves, coincident with cell necrosis and invasion by secondary hyphae. While appressoria formed more quickly on the resistant cultivar, fewer germinated to develop biotrophic primary or invasive necrotrophic secondary hyphae than on the susceptible cultivar. These results confirm that C. lagenarium is a hemibiotrophic pathogen, and that resistance in melons restricts colonisation by inhibiting the development of necrotrophic secondary hyphae. 相似文献
15.
Differential interactions ofColletotrichum gloeosporioides isolate KG 13 with green and red pepper fruits (Capsicum annuum were found when it was inoculated on unwounded and wounded fruits. The isolate produced the typically necrotic, sunken anthracnose
symptom on unwounded and wounded green fruits, and wounded red ones, but not on unwounded red ones. Appressorial formation
of the fungus on the surfaces of compatible green fruits was higher than on incompatible red ones up to 12 h after inoculation.
More and longer infection pegs from appressoria were produced on green than on red fruits. When cuticular wax layers of green
and red fruits were removed by dipping in chloroform, red ones only produced larger lesions and more conidia than water-dipped
controls did. However, differences in lesion diameter and conidial production were not observed between green and red fruits
wounded by pin-pricking. In addition, concentrations of wax extracted from the surface of green and red fruits affected conidial
germination and appressorial formation of the fungus. These findings suggest that the isolate KG 13 ofC. gloeosporioides may react differentially to green and red pepper fruits, probably due to the physical and chemical differences in cuticular
layers of the fruits. 相似文献
16.
Cochliobolus miyabeanus forms a specialized infection structure, an appressorium, to infect rice. Contacting a hard surface induces appressorium
formation in C. miyabeanus, while the hydrophobicity of the substratum does not affect this morphogenic infection event. To determine whether the calcium/calmodulin-dependent
signaling system is involved in prepenetration morphogenesis in C. miyabeanus, the effects of a calcium chelator (ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid; EGTA), phospholipase C inhibitor (neomycin), intracellular
calcium channel blocker (TMB-8), calmodulin antagonists (chlorpromazine, phenoxybenzamine, and W-7), and calcineurin inhibitor
(cyclosporin A) on morphogenesis and infection were examined. Addition of Ca2+ and the calcium ionophore A23187 did not affect conidial germination, while the number of appressoria decreased with higher
concentrations. EGTA inhibited conidial germination and appressorium formation. The calcium channel blocker did not affect
appressorium formation at any concentration; however, calmodulin antagonists and the calcineurin inhibitor specifically reduced
appressorium formation at the micromolar level. One of the calmodulin antagonists, W-7, also inhibited accumulation of mRNA
of the calmodulin gene within germinating conidia and/or appressorium-forming germ tubes. Thus, biochemical processes controlled
by the calcium/calmodulin signaling system seem to be involved in the induction of prepenetration morphogenesis on rice. 相似文献
17.
In darkness, most Erysiphe pisi conidia responded rapidly to contact with a hydrophobic artificial substratum and released extracellular material (ECM) in the same way as on pea cuticle. On this substratum and barley leaf epidermis, conidia then produced a germ tube that emerged close to the substratum, contacted it, and differentiated an appressorium. By contrast, on a hydrophilic substratum, ECM release and germination were delayed and infrequent, and germ tubes often emerged and faced away from the substratum toward vertical light, thereby failing to make contact and form appressoria. This finding supported the hypothesis that ECM release is involved in both triggering germination and sensing substratum contact. Exposure to white light dramatically affected the germ tube emergence site so most emerged from a site in the conidial wall facing the light. Lateral light did not affect the frequency of germ tubes making substratum contact; but when lit from above, most germ tubes emerged up, facing away from the substratum. The germ tubes formed in light were longer than those formed in darkness, but no phototropism was found for the elongating tubes. Examination of Blumeria graminis indicated that its conidia and germ tubes are insensitive to white light. 相似文献
18.
Carlos Garrido María Carbú Francisco Javier Fernández-Acero Giles Budge Inmaculada Vallejo Alison Colyer Jesús M. Cantoral 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,120(4):409-415
Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., is a major disease of cultivated strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa. This study identifies the Colletotrichum spp. which causes strawberry anthracnose in the southwest of Spain. A survey of the region was carried out, and the strains
isolated were identified as C. acutatum by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with genus and species-specific primers, demonstrating that this species is
currently the causal agent of strawberry anthracnose in the studied region. The pathogenicity of C. acutatum and C. gloeosporioides strains was evaluated on two principal strawberry cultivars (cvs Camarosa and Ventana) under field conditions, the latter
being more pathogenic than the former. 相似文献
19.
In recent years, anthracnose has become a significant disease affecting avocado fruit in the state of Michoacan, Mexico, where it significantly reduces fruit quality and commercial yield. Anthracnose has been assumed to involve Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum as causal agents. However, because of the increasing incidence of anthracnose, a more precise identification of the Colletotrichum spp. involved in this disease has become desirable. During the years 2004–2007, avocado fruits of different sizes exhibiting brown‐black and reddish spots on the pericarp and soft rot in the mesocarp, were gathered from orchards in nine counties. Fungal isolates were cultured on potato dextrose agar, and among these, 31 were selected for molecular, morphological and pathogenicity analyses. The molecular approaches used sequence typing of the internal transcribed spacer region and the partial nuclear large ribosomal subunit, allowing the unequivocal identification of C. gloeosporioides (71%), C. acutatum (16%) and C. boninense (13%). This last species has not been previously reported as being associated with anthracnose symptoms in avocado fruits anywhere in the world. Various morphological characteristics such as the size and shape of conidia were determined, as well as the conidial mass colour. Pathogenicity tests performed with all three species were conducted by inoculating healthy fruits. In each case, identical symptoms developed within 3 days of inoculation. Knowledge of the Colletotrichum populations in the Michoacan state, including the newly encountered avocado pathogen C. boninense, will facilitate further studies addressing the relationships between these Colletotrichum spp. and their avocado host. 相似文献