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1.
We evaluated the effects of a 6% spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) and a plant extracts mixture (XT; 5% carvacrol, 3% cinnamaldehyde, and 2% capsicum oleoresin) on the productive performance, intestinal morphology, and leukocyte cell subsets of early-weaned pigs compared with a control group. Morphometry of the jejunum, ileum, and colon, and immune cell analysis of blood, ileocolic lymph node (LN), and ileal Peyer's patches were done in 24 weaned pigs (20 +/- 2 d) at 19 or 21 d postweaning. Although SDPP and XT treatments did not increase ADG or ADFI, SDPP improved the G:F ratio (P = 0.024) compared with the control group. Dietary SDPP reduced the percentages of blood monocytes (P = 0.006) and macrophages in ileal Peyer's patches and LN (P = 0.04), of B lymphocytes (P = 0.04) and gammadelta+ T cells in LN (P = 0.009), and of intraepithelial lymphocytes (P = 0.026) as well as the density of lamina propria cells in the colon (P < 0.01). Dietary XT reduced intraepithelial lymphocyte numbers in jejunum (P = 0.034) and the percentages of blood cytotoxic cells (P = 0.07) and B lymphocytes in LN (P = 0.03); however, XT increased blood monocytes (P = 0.038) and the density of lamina propria lymphocytes in the colon (P = 0.003). These results indicate that dietary SDPP and plant extracts can affect intestinal morphology and immune cell subsets of gut tissues and blood in weaned pigs. Furthermore, the effects of SDPP suggest lower activation of the immune system of the piglets.  相似文献   

2.
先分离培养小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,经差速贴壁法纯化后,随机分为6组：空白对照组、0.5mg/L脂多糖（LPS）组、10-6 mol/L孕酮（P4）组、LPS＋10-5 mol/L P4组、LPS＋10-6 mol/L P4组、LPS＋10-7 mol/L P4组。各组在处理12、24h分别提取上清液,ELISA法测TNF-α和IL-1β的含量;各组在处理24h分别提取细胞总RNA,用RT-PCR法测TLR4、CD14、MD2mRNA的表达。结果显示,处理12、24h,0.5mg/L LPS组TNF-α和IL-1β的含量均极显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）;10-6 mol/L P4组与对照组差异不显著（P〉0.05）;LPS＋10-5 mol/L P4组极显著低于对照组（P〈0.01）;LPS＋10-6 mol/L P4组显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）;而LPS＋10-7 mol/L P4组TNF-α的表达差异不显著（P〉0.05）,IL-1β的表达差异显著（P〈0.05）。说明P4可降低LPS刺激小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞TNF-α和IL-1β的分泌,且呈剂量依赖关系。LPS单独处理,TLR4和CD14mRNA的表达极显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）;10-6 mol/L P4单独处理与对照组无显著差异（P〉0.05）;分别添加1-5、10-6、10-7 mol/L P4组均极显著降低LPS诱导TLR4和CD14mRNA的表达（P〈0.01）,而MD2mRNA的表达差异不显著（P〉0.05）。说明P4可极显著降低LPS刺激小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞TLR4和CD14mRNA表达,但对MD2mRNA表达影响不显著。结果显示,P4能抑制LPS刺激的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞TNF-α和IL-1β的分泌,此过程与细胞TLR4和CD14表达下降相关,而与MD2的表达无关。  相似文献   

3.
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4.
松针多糖对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞免疫调节作用的研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本试验旨在研究松针多糖对正常状态及脂多糖(LPS)刺激状态下小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的免疫调节作用。试验采用不同浓度的松针多糖作用于正常的和经LPS刺激的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,设空白对照组(加入100μL RPMI-1640培养基)、阳性对照组(加入100μL终浓度为5μg/m L的LPS)、松针多糖组(分别加入100μL 25、50、100、200μg/m L的松针多糖)和LPS+松针多糖组(加入与松针多糖组相同浓度的松针多糖和终浓度为5μg/m L的LPS,液体终体积为200μL)。噻唑蓝(MTT)比色法检测细胞活力,中性红吞噬试验检测巨噬细胞吞噬能力,Griess法检测一氧化氮(NO)的分泌量,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测巨噬细胞培养上清液中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-10(IL-10)的分泌量。结果表明:1)对空白对照组相比,各松针多糖组巨噬细胞相对增殖率均显著或极显著提高(P0.05或P0.01),50、100和200μg/m L松针多糖组巨噬细胞中性红吞噬率显著或极显著提高(P0.05或P0.01),各LPS+松针多糖组巨噬细胞中性红吞噬率均极显著提高(P0.01),200μg/m L松针多糖组巨噬细胞NO分泌量极显著提高(P0.01),50、100和200μg/m L松针多糖组巨噬细胞TNF-α和IL-1β分泌量显著或极显著提高(P0.05或P0.01),50、100和200μg/m L松针多糖组巨噬细胞IL-10分泌量极显著降低(P0.01)。2)与阳性对照组相比,各松针多糖组巨噬细胞相对增殖率均极显著降低(P0.01),100和200μg/m L LPS+松针多糖组巨噬细胞中性红吞噬率极显著升高(P0.01),50、100和200μg/m L LPS+松针多糖组巨噬细胞NO分泌量极显著提高(P0.01),各LPS+松针多糖组巨噬细胞TNF-α分泌量显著或极显著提高(P0.05或P0.01),50、100和200μg/m L LPS+松针多糖组巨噬细胞IL-1β分泌量显著或极显著提高(P0.05或P0.01),100和200μg/m L LPS+松针多糖组巨噬细胞IL-10分泌量极显著降低(P0.01)。由此可见,松针多糖通过发挥其促炎作用调节巨噬细胞的免疫功能,进而增强机体抗疾病的能力。  相似文献   

5.
本研究旨在探究褪黑素（MT）对脂多糖（LPS）致大鼠海马炎性损伤的保护作用。选取40只4周龄健康雄性SD大鼠,随机分为4组：空白组（CON组）、模型组（LPS组）、褪黑素干预组（LPS+MT组）及褪黑素组（MT组）。通过腹腔注射的方式给予大鼠10 mg·kg-1MT和/或10 mg·kg-1LPS,4 h后,采用旷场试验对各组大鼠进行行为学测试;试验结束称大鼠体重,解剖取海马称重并计算海马体系数;苏木精-伊红（HE）染色观察脑切片中海马区域病理变化;RT-PCR技术检测海马中小胶质细胞激活标记物Iba-1和CD11b mRNA表达;Western blot法检测海马中炎性因子IL-1β、TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10及TGF-β蛋白表达。结果表明,与CON组相比,LPS组大鼠自主探索行为减少、运动能力下降,海马组织神经细胞排列松散、细胞间隙增大、胞质固缩深染、胶质细胞浸润,小胶质细胞激活标志物Iba-1和CD11b mRNA表达极显著升高（P<0.01）,促炎因子IL-1β、TNF-α及IL-6蛋白表达极显著升高（P<0.01）,抗炎因子IL-10和TGF-β蛋白表达极显著降低（P<0.01）。而与LPS组相比,LPS+MT组大鼠自主探索行为增加、运动能力增强,海马组织神经细胞排列紧密,未见明显病变,小胶质细胞激活标记物Iba-1和CD11b mRNA表达极显著降低（P<0.01）,促炎因子IL-1β、TNF-α及IL-6蛋白表达极显著降低（P<0.01）,抗炎因子IL-10和TGF-β蛋白表达极显著增加（P<0.01）。此外,MT组与CON组相比,所有指标差异均不显著（P>0.05）。结果提示,MT可抑制小胶质细胞激活,减轻海马炎症反应,从而改善LPS造成的大鼠海马炎性损伤。  相似文献   

6.
高酮血症造成奶牛中性粒细胞先天免疫机能受到抑制,本研究探讨β-羟丁酸(BHBA)是否抑制脂多糖(LPS)诱导的奶牛中性粒细胞核因子-κB(NF-κB)信号通路的激活。分离健康奶牛中性粒细胞,采用LPS(100 ng/mL)和不同浓度(0.5、1.0、2.0和4.0 mmol/L)BHBA作用于中性粒细胞,收集细胞,应用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)检测中性粒细胞中白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和NF-κBp65 mRNA表达水平,Western blot检测NF-κBp65蛋白表达水平,比色法检测核因子-κB抑制物激酶β(IKKβ)激酶活性,酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测促炎细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β的分泌量。结果表明：与对照组(不进行BHBA和LPS处理)相比较,LPS组(单独LPS处理)中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α和NF-κBp65 mRNA表达水平和NF-κBp65蛋白表达水平极显著增加(P <0.01),IKKβ激酶活性极显著增强(P<0.01),IL-1β和TNF-α的分泌...  相似文献   

7.
1.?The present study was conducted to examine the effects of organic extracts from milk thistle (Silybum marianum), turmeric (Curcuma longa), reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum), and shiitake mushroom (Lentinus edodes) on innate immunity and tumor cell viability.

2.?Innate immunity was measured by lymphocyte proliferation and nitric oxide production by macrophages, and the inhibitory effect on tumor cell growth was assessed using a non-radioactive assay. For measuring the cytokine levels in the HD11 macrophages which were treated with extracts of turmeric or shiitake mushroom, the levels of mRNAs for interferon-α (IFN- α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor superfamily 15 (TNFSF15) were quantified by real time RT-PCR.

3.?In vitro culture of chicken spleen lymphocytes with extracts of milk thistle, turmeric, and shiitake and reishi mushrooms induced significantly higher cell proliferation compared with the untreated control cells. Stimulation of macrophages with extracts of milk thistle and shiitake and reishi mushrooms, but not turmeric, resulted in robust nitric oxide production to levels that were similar with those induced by recombinant chicken interferon-γ. All extracts uniformly inhibited the growth of chicken tumor cells in vitro at the concentration of 6·3 through 100 µg/ml. Finally, the levels of mRNAs encoding IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, IL-18, and TNFSF15 were enhanced in macrophages that were treated with extracts of turmeric or shiitake mushroom compared with the untreated control.

4.?These results document the immunologically-based enhancement of innate immunity in chickens by extracts of plants and mushrooms with known medicinal properties in vitro. In vivo studies are being planned to delineate the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for their mechanism of action.  相似文献   


8.
本研究旨在探讨苏氨酸对体外培养感染伪狂犬病毒(PRV)猪空肠上皮细胞免疫相关基因表达的影响.试验选用IPEC-J2细胞为细胞模型,分为4个处理,对照组为未经PRV感染、苏氨酸浓度53.45 mg/L,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为试验组,均经PRV感染,苏氨酸浓度分别为53.45、106.90、160.35 mg/L,每组3个重复,每个重复4孔.37℃、5％ CO2培养后1、6、12、24 h每组取1个重复采集细胞,用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测白介素1β(IL-1β)、白介素6(IL-6)、白介素15(IL-15)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)及转化生长因子β1( TGF-β1) mRNA表达量.结果表明:1)PRV感染极显著降低了IL-1β mRNA表达量(P =0.001),苏氨酸水平(P=0.830)、时间与苏氨酸水平交互作用(P =0.249)的影响均不显著;2)PRV感染对IL-6mRNA表达量影响不显著(P =0.162),随苏氨酸水平升高,IL-6 mRNA表达量极显著地先升高后降低(P=0.002),时间与苏氨酸水平交互作用的影响显著(P =0.012);3)PRV感染极显著提高了IL-15 mRNA表达量(P =0.000),提高苏氨酸水平极显著提高了IL-15 mRNA表达量(P=0.000),时间与苏氨酸水平交互作用的影响亦极显著(P =0.000);4) PRV感染极显著提高了TNF-α mRNA表达量(P=0.000),苏氨酸水平(P =0.113)、时间与苏氨酸水平交互作用(P =0.195)的影响均不显著;5)PRV感染极显著提高了TGF-β1 mRNA表达量(P=0.000),时间与苏氨酸水平交互作用的影响显著(P =0.015),苏氨酸水平的影响不显著(P=0.055).结果提示,补充苏氨酸对感染PRV的IPEC-J2细胞先天性免疫功能具有分子表达水平的调控作用,总体上能够抑制IL-1β、TNF-α、TGF-β1基因表达,加强IL-6、IL-15基因表达,但影响具有时间效应.  相似文献   

9.
This study explored the hypothesis that mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) acts to reduce systemic inflammation in pigs by evaluating cytokine production of alveolar macrophages (AM) and serum cytokine concentrations. A total of 160 pigs were fed diets containing 0.2 or 0.4% MOS for 2 or 4 wk postweaning compared with control diets without MOS. Dietary MOS did not affect the serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and tended (P = 0.081) to increase that of IL-10. These cytokine concentrations also changed over time (P < 0.001). After 2-wk feeding of the control or MOS diets, AM were collected and stimulated ex vivo with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (PLIC) as infection models. The LPS-stimulated AM from MOS-fed pigs (n = 12) secreted less TNF-α (P < 0.001) and more IL-10 (P = 0.026) than those from control-fed pigs (n = 6). However, dietary MOS had less effect on ex vivo TNF-α and IL-10 production by PLIC-stimulated AM (P = 0.091 and P > 0.10, respectively. Further, effects of MOS were examined in 4 in vitro experiments. In Exp. 1 (n = 4 pigs), MOS and mannan-rich fraction (MRF), when added to AM cultures, were able to increase TNF-α production. This direct effect of MOS was not due to endotoxin contamination as verified in Exp. 2 (n = 6 pigs) using polymyxin B, an inhibitor of LPS activation of toll-like receptor 4. Polymyxin B inhibited production of TNF-α by AM after treatment with LPS (P < 0.001), but not after treatment with MOS in the absence of LPS (P > 0.70). In Exp. 3 (n = 6 pigs), when MOS was directly applied in vitro, the pattern of cytokine production by LPS-activated AM was similar to that observed ex vivo, as MOS suppressed LPS-induced TNF-α (P < 0.001) and enhanced LPS-induced IL-10 (P = 0.028). In Exp. 4 (n = 6 pigs), when MRF replaced MOS, AM-produced TNF-α induced by LPS or PLIC was suppressed by MRF (P = 0.015 or P < 0.001, respectively). These data establish that MOS and MRF suppress LPS-induced TNF-α secretions by AM. Generally, the study suggests that MOS may be a potent immunomodulator because it directly activates AM to secrete TNF-α and alters the cytokine responses of bacterial endotoxin-induced AM in both ex vivo and in vitro systems. In particular, feeding MOS to pigs for 2 wk reduces TNF-α and increases IL-10 concentrations after ex vivo treatment of AM with LPS. These immunomodulatory properties of MOS may have important implications for both host defense and avoidance of harmful overstimulation of the immune system.  相似文献   

10.
We evaluated the effects of 3 additives, sodium butyrate (AC), avilamycin (AB), and a combination of plant extracts (XT), on the productive performance and the intestinal environment of the early-weaned pig. The XT was a standardized mixture with 5% (wt/wt) carvacrol (from Origanum spp.), 3% cinnamaldehyde (from Cinnamonum spp.), and 2% capsicum oleoresin (from Capsicum annum). Pigs (n = 32) weaned at 18 to 22 d of age with an initial BW of 6.0 +/- 0.10 kg were allocated to 8 pens that, in turn, were allocated to 4 treatments. The treatments included a basal diet (CT) or the basal diet supplemented with 0.3% of AC, 0.04% of AB, or 0.03% of XT. Productive performance was determined during the initial 14 d postweaning. On d 19 and 21 of the experiment, the pigs were killed to allow collection of digesta and intestinal tissue to evaluate variables indicative of aspects of the gastrointestinal environment. Treatments AB and AC improved G:F (P = 0.012 and 0.003, respectively) compared with the CT. Butyrate included in the diet was only detected in the stomach but not in cranial jejunum. When compared with CT, AC produced a lower ileal starch digestibility (P = 0.002) and a lower whole-tract OM and starch digestibility (P = 0.001 and 0.003, respectively), related to a lower VFA concentration in the cranial colon (P = 0.082) and a numerically reduced branched VFA percentage in the rectum. The AB treatment diminished propionate production in caudal colon (P = 0.002) and rectum (P = 0.012) compared with CT. The AC group exhibited deeper crypt depth in the jejunum without variations in villus height compared with CT (P = 0.042). The AC and AB groups also increased goblet cell presence in the colon (P = 0.001 and 0.032, respectively). On the other hand, AB and XT diminished intraepithelial lymphocytes in the jejunum (P = 0.003 and 0.034, respectively). The XT increased lymphocyte presence in the colon (P = 0.003). These results show the important influence of AB and AC on productive performance and on pig gut dynamics. The intestinal modifications observed for AB and AC compared with CT suggest distinct modes of action for each additive.  相似文献   

11.
为研究云南撒坝猪致病性大肠杆菌高致病性毒力岛（HPI）致猪源巨噬细胞焦亡的分子机制,本试验以云南撒坝猪致病性大肠杆菌HPI阳性株感染猪源巨噬细胞为切入点,从云南楚雄州某规模养殖场采集撒坝猪仔猪黄白痢的粪便,对大肠杆菌进行分离纯化,并通过PCR技术对HPI irp2基因进行检测,分别以HPI阳性株（HPI+）和阴性株（HPI-）感染巨噬细胞,并设立LPS+ATP组和空白对照组,于0.5和6 h收集各组细胞及其上清。应用实时荧光定量PCR法检测不同组Caspase-1、IL-1β和IL-18 mRNA表达水平的变化;应用ELISA检测细胞上清pro-IL-1β、pro-IL-18、IL-1β和IL-18含量的变化。结果显示,试验成功分离得到致病性大肠杆菌,经PCR检测成功获得HPI irp2基因阳性株,经实时荧光定量PCR法检测后发现HPI+组、HPI-组与空白对照组相比,Caspase-1、IL-1β和IL-18 mRNA表达水平均呈上调趋势,且HPI+组高于HPI-组。ELISA检测结果显示,与空白对照组相比,HPI+组和HPI-组pro-IL-1β、pro-IL-18、IL-1β和IL-18的蛋白表达量普遍呈上调趋势,且HPI+组均高于HPI-组。结果表明,云南撒坝猪致病性大肠杆菌HPI可通过上调猪源巨噬细胞中Caspase-1、IL-1β和IL-18 mRNA的表达量促进猪源巨噬细胞炎性因子IL-1β和IL-18的释放,诱发炎症,最终促进猪源巨噬细胞发生细胞焦亡。  相似文献   

12.
本试验选择北京地区5个牛场不同胎次(1胎、3胎、5胎及以上)、无临床疾病记录的150头荷斯坦泌乳牛,于2017年7月至8月测定促炎细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和抑炎细胞因子白细胞介素-10(IL-10)、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)4种血液炎性细胞因子浓度,利用SAS 9.4软件GLM过程分析血液炎性细胞因子浓度随胎次变化的规律,所用固定模型考虑了牛场、胎次、泌乳阶段等因素影响,同时进行各细胞因子间Pearson相关性分析;利用GLM过程分析炎性细胞因子对产奶性能的影响,产奶性能指标包括日产奶量、校正日产奶量、乳蛋白率、乳脂率、乳糖率,所用固定模型考虑了牛场、胎次、泌乳阶段、炎性细胞因子水平等因素的影响。结果显示:荷斯坦牛血液IL-6和TGF-β浓度随胎次升高显著降低;整体来说,IL-6和TGF-β显著正相关,IL-10和TGF-β显著负相关;5胎及以上胎次奶牛各细胞因子间相关关系均不显著;5胎及以上胎次奶牛日产奶量、校正日产奶量和乳糖率显著降低;高TNF-α组的奶牛日产奶量显著低于低TNF-α组,高IL-10组奶牛乳脂率和校正日产奶量显著高于低IL-10组。综上,高胎次奶牛生产性能的降低可能与炎性细胞因子的变化有关。  相似文献   

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We evaluated the effects of a plant extracts mixture (XT) standardized in 5% (wt/wt) carvacrol, 3% cinnamaldehyde, and 2% capsicum oleoresin (oregano, cinnamon and Mexican pepper), alone or in combination with formic acid (FA), on the productive performance and the intestinal ecosystem of the early-weaned pig. Pigs weaned at 20 +/- 1 d of age (n = 216) were allocated in 24 pens and fed a standard medicated prestarter diet for 12 d. Twelve days after weaning, a stress management system based on social and dietary stress factors was applied to the animals, after which, each group was allocated to one of six dietary treatments, which followed a factorial arrangement, with three levels (as-fed basis) of the XT (0, 150, and 300 mg/kg) and two levels of FA (0 and 0.5%). On d 24 and 25 after the stress episode, eight pigs per treatment were killed to examine variables describing some aspects of the gastrointestinal ecology. Two days after the stress episode, an Escherichia coli K88 diarrhea episode occurred, and five casualties were registered. Four of the five deaths occurred in pens of pigs not fed the XT. The FA resulted in better G:F (P = 0.040) in coincidence with shorter villous height (P = 0.073) and lower rectal total microbial mass (P = 0.078). Both XT and FA addition increased stomach content (P = 0.006 and 0.003, respectively) and percentage of DM (P = 0.089 and 0.010, respectively), suggesting an increased gastric retention time; consequently, pH was also increased (P = 0.005 and 0.060, respectively). The XT decreased ileum total microbial mass (P = 0.025) and increased the lactobacilli:enterobacteria ratio (P = 0.002). The VFA profile in the cecum and colon was modified by XT inclusion, increasing the proportion of acetate (P = 0.018 and 0.025, respectively) and diminishing the proportion of butyrate (P = 0.096 and 0.040, respectively) and valerate (P = 0.001 and 0.039, respectively). Both XT and FA were shown to be effective in modifying the gastrointestinal ecosystem, stomach contents, and stomach emptying rate, which are proposed as important aspects in the mechanisms of action for these additives.  相似文献   

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本试验旨在探讨长链n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(LC n-3 PUFA)对肠上皮细胞促炎细胞因子基因mRNA表达的影响.试验选用大鼠肠上皮细胞系IEC-6细胞为模型,分为4个处理,分别为对照、脂多糖(LPS,1μg/mL)、LPS(1μg/mL)+二十二碳六烯酸(DHA,100 μmol/L)和LPS(l μg/mL)+二十碳五烯酸(EPA,100μmol/L),每个处理3个重复,每孔为1个重复.细胞先用DHA、EPA或等量二甲基亚砜(DHA和EPA的溶剂,对照)预处理48h,再用LPS处理3h,收集细胞提取总RNA,采用实时定量PCR方法分析肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)和白介素-6(IL-6)的基因mRNA表达水平的差异.结果表明:LPS极显著上调了细胞中TNF-α、IL-1 β和IL-6的基因mRNA表达水平(P＜0.01),EPA均极显著或显著削弱了细胞内LPS诱导的TNF-α(P＜0.01)、IL-1β(P ＜0.01)和IL-6的基因mRNA水平(P＜0.05)的上调,而DHA仅显著削弱了细胞内LPS诱导的IL-1β的基因mRNA水平的上调(P＜0.05).结果提示,LC n-3 PUFA在肠上皮细胞中具有抗炎作用,且在本试验条件下EPA的抗炎效果要优于DHA.  相似文献   

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本试验旨在研究日粮中添加复合植物提取物对奶牛产奶量、乳成分和血液生理生化指标的影响。选择25～27月龄、1胎、泌乳天数(67±1) d、产奶量(32±5) kg/d且健康的泌乳高峰期荷斯坦奶牛40头,随机分为对照组和试验组,每组20个重复,每个重复1头牛。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮+1g/(d·头)复合植物提取物(每克含辣椒油树脂3.5%、肉桂醛5.5%、丁香酚9.5%)。试验预试期3d,正试期60 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,试验组奶牛产奶量提高2.37%(P>0.05);日粮添加复合植物提取物有降低牛奶体细胞数、尿素氮含量的趋势(P>0.05);与对照组相比,试验组奶牛血常规指标、血清生理生化指标差异均不显著(P>0.05)。在本试验条件下,日粮添加1 g/(d·头)复合植物提取物能够在一定程度上提高奶牛产奶量、降低牛奶体细胞数和尿素氮含量,但不影响血液生理状态。  相似文献   

17.
Three hundred and thirty-six 1-day-old male Hubbard HI-Ye broiler hybrids, kept in battery cages, were fed with diets based on maize (groups I and II) or wheat and barley (groups III and IV) and supplemented with or without plant extract (XT* 100 mg/kg) containing 5% carvacrol, 3% cinnamaldehyde and 2% of capsicum oleoresin. The morphological and histochemical examinations were carried out on days 21 and 42 of bird's age. The middle part of glandular part of the stomach and 30 mm long segment from the central part of the small intestine (jejunum) were taken out and then prepared for morphometrical and histochemical assays. Mobilization of mucocytes in superficial epithelium of the glandular stomach and increased secretion of neutral mucopolysaccharides and small amounts of sialomucins with or without local cell disruption with releasing of large amounts of mucus were observed in both 'grain' groups of 21-day-old birds fed with extract. In some animals, particularly those fed mixtures with plant extract, the folds of the proventriculum mucosa were fused into large, unshaped structures. In groups fed with plant extract the mucus secretion intensity and accumulation inside cells of the gastrointestinal mucosa were slightly higher. Morphological changes on gastrointestinal mucosa observed in young chickens fed XT were reduced in older animals. The results of this study showed that the increased releasing of large amounts of mucus and the creation of a thick layer of mucus on glandular stomach and wall of jejunum in chickens fed diets with plant extract could suggest villi-related protective properties of the use of the carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and capsaicin mixture. This can explain the reduced possibility of adhesion to epithelium and number of Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringes and fungi in the intestinal content of bird fed with XT supplemented diet. In morphometrical parameters of depth of jejunum crypt and height of villi, the influence of kind of grain and extract supplementation was observed in 21-day-old chickens only. The significant interaction between higher jejunum wall villi layer was observed only in chickens fed on maize diet supplemented with plant extract.  相似文献   

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为探究金针菇多糖(FVP)和发酵金针菇多糖(FFVP)对小鼠单核巨噬细胞(RAW264.7)炎症反应的影响与机制,以脂多糖(LPS)构建RAW264.7炎症模型,设置CON组(正常培养基)、LPS组(正常培养基+1μg/mL LPS)、FVP组(正常培养基+1μg/mL LPS+25、50或100μg/mL FVP)和FFVP组(正常培养基+1μg/mL LPS+25、50或100μg/mL FFVP),通过测定RAW264.7的细胞活力、吞噬能力、活性氧(ROS)和一氧化氮(NO)含量以及炎症因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、白细胞介素-18(IL-18)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)的含量与mRNA相对表达量,比较FVP和FFVP抑制巨噬细胞炎症反应的作用;以核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)抑制剂BAY11-7082处理RAW264.7,通过Western blot检测磷酸化核转录因子-κB抑制蛋白α(p-IκBα)、NOD样受体家族含pyrin结构域蛋白3(NLRP3)、半胱天冬蛋白酶-1(Caspase-1)和IL-1β的蛋白相对表达量,探究FVP...  相似文献   

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试验旨在研究日粮中添加假蒟和番石榴叶复合提取物对断奶仔猪生长性能和血清指标的影响.选择200头21日龄断奶仔猪,随机分为2组,每组5个重复,每个重复20头猪.对照组仔猪饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加200mg/kg的复合植物提取物.试验期21 d.结果 显示,各组仔猪生长性能无显著差异(P＞0.05).与对照组相...  相似文献   

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